valves
DESCRIPTION
valves detailsTRANSCRIPT
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VALVESVALVES
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Valve:Valve:Any Device for closing orAny Device for closing ormodifying the passagemodifying the passage
through a pipe, outlet, inletthrough a pipe, outlet, inletor likely to stop, allow oror likely to stop, allow or
control the flow of a media.control the flow of a media.
Any Device for closing orAny Device for closing ormodifying the passagemodifying the passage
through a pipe, outlet, inletthrough a pipe, outlet, inletor likely to stop, allow oror likely to stop, allow or
control the flow of a media.control the flow of a media.
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Valve cost is upto 20 to 30% of the pipingValve cost is upto 20 to 30% of the pipingcostcost for a plant, depending on the process;for a plant, depending on the process;and the cost of a given type and size ofand the cost of a given type and size ofvalve can vary 100%, depending on itsvalve can vary 100%, depending on itsconstruction.construction. Thus theThus the selection of valves is extremelyselection of valves is extremelyimportant to the economics, as well asimportant to the economics, as well asoperationoperation, of process plants., of process plants. The size of a valve is mainly determined byThe size of a valve is mainly determined bythe size of its ends, which connect to thethe size of its ends, which connect to thepipe.pipe.
Valve cost is upto 20 to 30% of the pipingValve cost is upto 20 to 30% of the pipingcostcost for a plant, depending on the process;for a plant, depending on the process;and the cost of a given type and size ofand the cost of a given type and size ofvalve can vary 100%, depending on itsvalve can vary 100%, depending on itsconstruction.construction. Thus theThus the selection of valves is extremelyselection of valves is extremelyimportant to the economics, as well asimportant to the economics, as well asoperationoperation, of process plants., of process plants. The size of a valve is mainly determined byThe size of a valve is mainly determined bythe size of its ends, which connect to thethe size of its ends, which connect to thepipe.pipe.
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CLASSIFICATION OF VALVESCLASSIFICATION OF VALVES
GATE VALVE
BALL VALVE
PLUG VALVE
PISTON VALVE
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
PINCH VALVE
ISOLATION
GLOBE VALVE
NEEDLE VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
PISTON VALVE
BALL VALVE
PLUG VALVE
PINCH VALVE
REGULATION
SWING CHECK VALVE
LIFT CHECK VALVE
CHECK VALVE
NON RETURN
MULTI PORT VALVES
FLUSH BOTTOM VALVES
FLOAT VALVES
FOOT VALVES
LINE BLIND VALVES
KNIFE GATE VALVES
SPECIAL PURPOSE
BASED ON FUNCTIONS
GATE VALVE
BALL VALVE
PLUG VALVE
PISTON VALVE
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
PINCH VALVE
ISOLATION
GLOBE VALVE
NEEDLE VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
PISTON VALVE
BALL VALVE
PLUG VALVE
PINCH VALVE
REGULATION
SWING CHECK VALVE
LIFT CHECK VALVE
CHECK VALVE
NON RETURN
MULTI PORT VALVES
FLUSH BOTTOM VALVES
FLOAT VALVES
FOOT VALVES
LINE BLIND VALVES
KNIFE GATE VALVES
SPECIAL PURPOSE
BASED ON FUNCTIONS
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SCREWED ENDS
SOCKET WELD ENDS
FLANGED ENDS
BUTT WELD ENDS
WAFER TYPE ENDS
Based on end connections
SCREWED ENDS
SOCKET WELD ENDS
FLANGED ENDS
BUTT WELD ENDS
WAFER TYPE ENDS
Based on end connections
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CAST IRON
DUCTILE IRON
BRONZE
GUN METAL
CARBON STEEL
STAINLESS STEEL
ALLOY CARBON STEEL
POLYPROPYLENE
GLASS
BASED ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
CAST IRON
DUCTILE IRON
BRONZE
GUN METAL
CARBON STEEL
STAINLESS STEEL
ALLOY CARBON STEEL
POLYPROPYLENE
GLASS
BASED ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
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in Ball and Butterfly valves
Hand lever
in Gate ,Globe and Diaphragm valves
Hand wheel
Chain
Gear
Electric Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Powered
Solenoid
for small Plug valves
Wrench
Based on operators
in Ball and Butterfly valves
Hand lever
in Gate ,Globe and Diaphragm valves
Hand wheel
Chain
Gear
Electric Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Powered
Solenoid
for small Plug valves
Wrench
Based on operators
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VALVES:VALVES:Basic Parts:Basic Parts:
1.Body1.Body2.Bonnet2.Bonnet3.Stem3.Stem4.Disc4.Disc5.Seat5.Seat6.Port6.Port7.Seal (includes Gasket,7.Seal (includes Gasket,Metal Bellows)Metal Bellows)
Basic Parts:Basic Parts:1.Body1.Body2.Bonnet2.Bonnet3.Stem3.Stem4.Disc4.Disc5.Seat5.Seat6.Port6.Port7.Seal (includes Gasket,7.Seal (includes Gasket,Metal Bellows)Metal Bellows)
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Body:Body:----The Body & Bonnet houses the stem.The Body & Bonnet houses the stem.
---- Selection of the material to fabricate theSelection of the material to fabricate theinterior of the wall body is important if the valveinterior of the wall body is important if the valveis used for the process of chemical.is used for the process of chemical.
----Some Valves may be obtained with the entireSome Valves may be obtained with the entireinterior of theinterior of the body lined with corrosion resistantbody lined with corrosion resistantmaterial.material.
----The Body & Bonnet houses the stem.The Body & Bonnet houses the stem.
---- Selection of the material to fabricate theSelection of the material to fabricate theinterior of the wall body is important if the valveinterior of the wall body is important if the valveis used for the process of chemical.is used for the process of chemical.
----Some Valves may be obtained with the entireSome Valves may be obtained with the entireinterior of theinterior of the body lined with corrosion resistantbody lined with corrosion resistantmaterial.material.
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Bonnet:Bonnet: The Bonnet is a part which is attached with theThe Bonnet is a part which is attached with thebody of the valve.body of the valve. The Bonnet is classified on theThe Bonnet is classified on thetype of attachmenttype of attachment as Bolted, Bellow, Sealed,as Bolted, Bellow, Sealed,ScrewedScrewed--on, Welded, Union, Pressure Sealed etc.,on, Welded, Union, Pressure Sealed etc.,
Stem:Stem: The Stem moves the disc.The Stem moves the disc. In some valves the fluid under pressure doesIn some valves the fluid under pressure doesthe work of the stem.the work of the stem.
Bonnet:Bonnet: The Bonnet is a part which is attached with theThe Bonnet is a part which is attached with thebody of the valve.body of the valve. The Bonnet is classified on theThe Bonnet is classified on thetype of attachmenttype of attachment as Bolted, Bellow, Sealed,as Bolted, Bellow, Sealed,ScrewedScrewed--on, Welded, Union, Pressure Sealed etc.,on, Welded, Union, Pressure Sealed etc.,
Stem:Stem: The Stem moves the disc.The Stem moves the disc. In some valves the fluid under pressure doesIn some valves the fluid under pressure doesthe work of the stem.the work of the stem.
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----There are two categories of screwed stem.There are two categories of screwed stem.((a)a) Rising Stem:Rising Stem:
Hand wheel can either rise with the stem, or stemHand wheel can either rise with the stem, or stemcan rise through the stationary hand wheel.can rise through the stationary hand wheel.(b)(b) NonNon--Rising Stem:Rising Stem:
The Hand Wheel and the stem are in theThe Hand Wheel and the stem are in thesame position weather the valve is opened orsame position weather the valve is opened orclosed.closed. In this case, the screw is inside the BonnetIn this case, the screw is inside the Bonnetand in contact with the fluid.and in contact with the fluid.
----There are two categories of screwed stem.There are two categories of screwed stem.((a)a) Rising Stem:Rising Stem:
Hand wheel can either rise with the stem, or stemHand wheel can either rise with the stem, or stemcan rise through the stationary hand wheel.can rise through the stationary hand wheel.(b)(b) NonNon--Rising Stem:Rising Stem:
The Hand Wheel and the stem are in theThe Hand Wheel and the stem are in thesame position weather the valve is opened orsame position weather the valve is opened orclosed.closed. In this case, the screw is inside the BonnetIn this case, the screw is inside the Bonnetand in contact with the fluid.and in contact with the fluid.
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DISC, SEAT & PORT:DISC, SEAT & PORT: The part directly affecting the flow is termed asThe part directly affecting the flow is termed asDiscDisc regardless of its shape.regardless of its shape.
The NonThe Non--moving part the body bears is termed asmoving part the body bears is termed asseat.seat.
TheThe portport is the maximum internal opening foris the maximum internal opening forflow.flow.
The part directly affecting the flow is termed asThe part directly affecting the flow is termed asDiscDisc regardless of its shape.regardless of its shape.
The NonThe Non--moving part the body bears is termed asmoving part the body bears is termed asseat.seat.
TheThe portport is the maximum internal opening foris the maximum internal opening forflow.flow.
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SEAL:SEAL:BETWEEN STEM AND BONNET:BETWEEN STEM AND BONNET:---- Gasket is used in between a bolted bonnet andGasket is used in between a bolted bonnet andvalve body.valve body.---- Metal Bellows where high vaccum or corrosive,Metal Bellows where high vaccum or corrosive,flammable fluids are to be handled.flammable fluids are to be handled.---- Flanged Valves use gasket to seal against the lineFlanged Valves use gasket to seal against the lineflanges.flanges.---- Butterfly Valves may extend the resilient seat toButterfly Valves may extend the resilient seat toalso serves as line gaskets .also serves as line gaskets .
---- Gasket is used in between a bolted bonnet andGasket is used in between a bolted bonnet andvalve body.valve body.---- Metal Bellows where high vaccum or corrosive,Metal Bellows where high vaccum or corrosive,flammable fluids are to be handled.flammable fluids are to be handled.---- Flanged Valves use gasket to seal against the lineFlanged Valves use gasket to seal against the lineflanges.flanges.---- Butterfly Valves may extend the resilient seat toButterfly Valves may extend the resilient seat toalso serves as line gaskets .also serves as line gaskets .
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Based on the shape of the port these valves canBased on the shape of the port these valves canbe classified into,be classified into,(1)(1)Regular pattern:Regular pattern: They have plug ports generally rectangular inThey have plug ports generally rectangular insection and have area substantially equal to fullsection and have area substantially equal to fullbore of the pipe.bore of the pipe.(2)(2) Short pattern:Short pattern: Face to face dimensions corresponding to gateFace to face dimensions corresponding to gatevalves.valves.(3)(3) Venturi pattern:Venturi pattern: They have reduced port area.Thus producing aThey have reduced port area.Thus producing aventuri effect to restore a large percentage ofventuri effect to restore a large percentage ofvelocity head loss through the valve and producevelocity head loss through the valve and producea resultant total pressure drop of relatively lowa resultant total pressure drop of relatively loworder.order.
Based on the shape of the port these valves canBased on the shape of the port these valves canbe classified into,be classified into,(1)(1)Regular pattern:Regular pattern: They have plug ports generally rectangular inThey have plug ports generally rectangular insection and have area substantially equal to fullsection and have area substantially equal to fullbore of the pipe.bore of the pipe.(2)(2) Short pattern:Short pattern: Face to face dimensions corresponding to gateFace to face dimensions corresponding to gatevalves.valves.(3)(3) Venturi pattern:Venturi pattern: They have reduced port area.Thus producing aThey have reduced port area.Thus producing aventuri effect to restore a large percentage ofventuri effect to restore a large percentage ofvelocity head loss through the valve and producevelocity head loss through the valve and producea resultant total pressure drop of relatively lowa resultant total pressure drop of relatively loworder.order.
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__ OperatorOperator:: This is a device, which opens or closesThis is a device, which opens or closesa valve. Different devices are available.a valve. Different devices are available.
MANUAL OPERATORSMANUAL OPERATORS(1)(1) Hand leverHand lever:: It is used to actuate the stems ofIt is used to actuate the stems ofsmall butterfly, ball, plug valves and cocks. Wrenchsmall butterfly, ball, plug valves and cocks. Wrenchoperation is used for cocks and small plug valves.operation is used for cocks and small plug valves.
(2) Hand Wheel(2) Hand Wheel:: It is the most common means ofIt is the most common means ofrotating the stem on the majority of popularrotating the stem on the majority of popularsmaller valves such as gate, globe and diaphragm.smaller valves such as gate, globe and diaphragm.Hammer blow or impact hand wheels that may beHammer blow or impact hand wheels that may besubstituted for normal hand wheels, if easiersubstituted for normal hand wheels, if easieroperation is needed but where gearing isoperation is needed but where gearing isunnecessary offer additional operating torque forunnecessary offer additional operating torque forgate and globe valves.gate and globe valves.
__ OperatorOperator:: This is a device, which opens or closesThis is a device, which opens or closesa valve. Different devices are available.a valve. Different devices are available.
MANUAL OPERATORSMANUAL OPERATORS(1)(1) Hand leverHand lever:: It is used to actuate the stems ofIt is used to actuate the stems ofsmall butterfly, ball, plug valves and cocks. Wrenchsmall butterfly, ball, plug valves and cocks. Wrenchoperation is used for cocks and small plug valves.operation is used for cocks and small plug valves.
(2) Hand Wheel(2) Hand Wheel:: It is the most common means ofIt is the most common means ofrotating the stem on the majority of popularrotating the stem on the majority of popularsmaller valves such as gate, globe and diaphragm.smaller valves such as gate, globe and diaphragm.Hammer blow or impact hand wheels that may beHammer blow or impact hand wheels that may besubstituted for normal hand wheels, if easiersubstituted for normal hand wheels, if easieroperation is needed but where gearing isoperation is needed but where gearing isunnecessary offer additional operating torque forunnecessary offer additional operating torque forgate and globe valves.gate and globe valves.
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(3) Chain:(3) Chain: It is used where a hand wheel would be outIt is used where a hand wheel would be outof reach.of reach. The stem is fitted with a chain wheel or wrenchThe stem is fitted with a chain wheel or wrench(for lever operated valves) and loop of the chain is(for lever operated valves) and loop of the chain isbrought within one meter of working floor level.brought within one meter of working floor level.
(4)(4)GearGear :: These are used to reduce the operatingThese are used to reduce the operatingtorque. For manual operation, it consists of a handtorque. For manual operation, it consists of a handwheel operated gear train actuating the valve stem.wheel operated gear train actuating the valve stem. As a thumb rule, gear operators should beAs a thumb rule, gear operators should be
considered for valves of 350 mm NB and larger uptoconsidered for valves of 350 mm NB and larger upto300#, 200 mm NB and larger upto 600#, 150 mm NB300#, 200 mm NB and larger upto 600#, 150 mm NBand larger upto 1500# and 100 mm NB and largerand larger upto 1500# and 100 mm NB and largerfor higher ratings.for higher ratings.
(3) Chain:(3) Chain: It is used where a hand wheel would be outIt is used where a hand wheel would be outof reach.of reach. The stem is fitted with a chain wheel or wrenchThe stem is fitted with a chain wheel or wrench(for lever operated valves) and loop of the chain is(for lever operated valves) and loop of the chain isbrought within one meter of working floor level.brought within one meter of working floor level.
(4)(4)GearGear :: These are used to reduce the operatingThese are used to reduce the operatingtorque. For manual operation, it consists of a handtorque. For manual operation, it consists of a handwheel operated gear train actuating the valve stem.wheel operated gear train actuating the valve stem. As a thumb rule, gear operators should beAs a thumb rule, gear operators should be
considered for valves of 350 mm NB and larger uptoconsidered for valves of 350 mm NB and larger upto300#, 200 mm NB and larger upto 600#, 150 mm NB300#, 200 mm NB and larger upto 600#, 150 mm NBand larger upto 1500# and 100 mm NB and largerand larger upto 1500# and 100 mm NB and largerfor higher ratings.for higher ratings.
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Pneumatic and HydraulicPneumatic and Hydraulic:: These may be usedThese may be usedwhere flammable vapour is likely to be present.where flammable vapour is likely to be present.They are of following forms:They are of following forms: Cylinder with double acting piston driven by air,Cylinder with double acting piston driven by air,water, oil or other liquid, which usually actuates thewater, oil or other liquid, which usually actuates thestem directly.stem directly. Air motor, which actuates the stem throughAir motor, which actuates the stem throughgearing. These motors are commonly piston andgearing. These motors are commonly piston andcylinder radial type.cylinder radial type. A double acting vane with limited rotaryA double acting vane with limited rotarymovement in a sector casing, actuating the stemmovement in a sector casing, actuating the stemdirectly.directly.
Pneumatic and HydraulicPneumatic and Hydraulic:: These may be usedThese may be usedwhere flammable vapour is likely to be present.where flammable vapour is likely to be present.They are of following forms:They are of following forms: Cylinder with double acting piston driven by air,Cylinder with double acting piston driven by air,water, oil or other liquid, which usually actuates thewater, oil or other liquid, which usually actuates thestem directly.stem directly. Air motor, which actuates the stem throughAir motor, which actuates the stem throughgearing. These motors are commonly piston andgearing. These motors are commonly piston andcylinder radial type.cylinder radial type. A double acting vane with limited rotaryA double acting vane with limited rotarymovement in a sector casing, actuating the stemmovement in a sector casing, actuating the stemdirectly.directly.
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POWERED OPERATORS:POWERED OPERATORS:
Electric Geared Motor:Electric Geared Motor: Geared MotorGeared Motormoves the valve stem. This is useful formoves the valve stem. This is useful foroperating large valves in remote areas.operating large valves in remote areas.
SolenoidSolenoid:: These can be used for fast actingThese can be used for fast actingcheck valves, and with on/off valves incheck valves, and with on/off valves inlightlight--duty instrumentation applications.duty instrumentation applications.
POWERED OPERATORS:POWERED OPERATORS:
Electric Geared Motor:Electric Geared Motor: Geared MotorGeared Motormoves the valve stem. This is useful formoves the valve stem. This is useful foroperating large valves in remote areas.operating large valves in remote areas.
SolenoidSolenoid:: These can be used for fast actingThese can be used for fast actingcheck valves, and with on/off valves incheck valves, and with on/off valves inlightlight--duty instrumentation applications.duty instrumentation applications.
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VALVES IN DETAIL:VALVES IN DETAIL:Gate valve:Gate valve:
They function as block valves.They function as block valves. 75% of all valves in process industries are gate75% of all valves in process industries are gatevalves.valves. Gate valves are not suitable to throttle flowGate valves are not suitable to throttle flowbecause it will pass maximum flow when it isbecause it will pass maximum flow when it ispartially open.partially open. The end flanges can be integrally cast into theThe end flanges can be integrally cast into thebody.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for flanged connections).body.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for flanged connections).
Gate valve:Gate valve: They function as block valves.They function as block valves. 75% of all valves in process industries are gate75% of all valves in process industries are gatevalves.valves. Gate valves are not suitable to throttle flowGate valves are not suitable to throttle flowbecause it will pass maximum flow when it isbecause it will pass maximum flow when it ispartially open.partially open. The end flanges can be integrally cast into theThe end flanges can be integrally cast into thebody.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for flanged connections).body.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for flanged connections).
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Also for welded connections(ref:ANSI B16.11 forAlso for welded connections(ref:ANSI B16.11 forweld/screw connections).weld/screw connections).
There are two types of port designsThere are two types of port designs(1)(1) Full port design:Full port design:
The net area of the bore through the seat is asThe net area of the bore through the seat is asnearly as equal to the pipe size.nearly as equal to the pipe size.
(2)(2) Reduced port design:Reduced port design:The port diameter is normally one size less thanThe port diameter is normally one size less than
the size of the pipe.the size of the pipe.
Also for welded connections(ref:ANSI B16.11 forAlso for welded connections(ref:ANSI B16.11 forweld/screw connections).weld/screw connections).
There are two types of port designsThere are two types of port designs(1)(1) Full port design:Full port design:
The net area of the bore through the seat is asThe net area of the bore through the seat is asnearly as equal to the pipe size.nearly as equal to the pipe size.
(2)(2) Reduced port design:Reduced port design:The port diameter is normally one size less thanThe port diameter is normally one size less than
the size of the pipe.the size of the pipe.
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Gate valveGate valve
Flowin
Flowout
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GATE VALVEPRESSURE-SEAL BONNETGATE VALVEBOLTED BONNET
FLEX WEDGE
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BALL VALVE:BALL VALVE: Ball valves function as both block valves and flowBall valves function as both block valves and flowregulating(special design) valves.regulating(special design) valves.
Quarter turn positive shut off valves.Quarter turn positive shut off valves.
Suited for conditions where quick onSuited for conditions where quick on--off and/oroff and/orbubble tight shut off is required.bubble tight shut off is required.
Soft seats are usually used only for lowSoft seats are usually used only for lowtemperature services.temperature services.
Metal seated ball valves are used for highMetal seated ball valves are used for hightemperature services.temperature services.
Ball valves function as both block valves and flowBall valves function as both block valves and flowregulating(special design) valves.regulating(special design) valves.
Quarter turn positive shut off valves.Quarter turn positive shut off valves.
Suited for conditions where quick onSuited for conditions where quick on--off and/oroff and/orbubble tight shut off is required.bubble tight shut off is required.
Soft seats are usually used only for lowSoft seats are usually used only for lowtemperature services.temperature services.
Metal seated ball valves are used for highMetal seated ball valves are used for hightemperature services.temperature services.
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Soft seats are not normally used for throttlingSoft seats are not normally used for throttlingbecause of erosion or distortion/displacementbecause of erosion or distortion/displacementcaused by fluid.caused by fluid.
The PressureThe Pressure Temperature ratings areTemperature ratings areestablished based on the seating material.established based on the seating material.
Offers minimum resistance to flow.Offers minimum resistance to flow.
Soft seats are not normally used for throttlingSoft seats are not normally used for throttlingbecause of erosion or distortion/displacementbecause of erosion or distortion/displacementcaused by fluid.caused by fluid.
The PressureThe Pressure Temperature ratings areTemperature ratings areestablished based on the seating material.established based on the seating material.
Offers minimum resistance to flow.Offers minimum resistance to flow.Advantages:Easy Operation.Low torque.Low Pressure Drop.Economical.Excellent Sealing.( Used in Vacuum Services)
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---- Two designs are available.Two designs are available.
(1)(1) Regular port design:Regular port design:The port diameter will be smaller than the pipeThe port diameter will be smaller than the pipe
inside diameter. Normally the port diameter is oneinside diameter. Normally the port diameter is onesize less than the pipe diameter.size less than the pipe diameter.
(2)(2) Full port Design:Full port Design:The port diameter of the valve will be the sameThe port diameter of the valve will be the same
as that of the pipe inside diameter.as that of the pipe inside diameter.
---- Two designs are available.Two designs are available.
(1)(1) Regular port design:Regular port design:The port diameter will be smaller than the pipeThe port diameter will be smaller than the pipe
inside diameter. Normally the port diameter is oneinside diameter. Normally the port diameter is onesize less than the pipe diameter.size less than the pipe diameter.
(2)(2) Full port Design:Full port Design:The port diameter of the valve will be the sameThe port diameter of the valve will be the same
as that of the pipe inside diameter.as that of the pipe inside diameter.
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PLUG VALVE:PLUG VALVE: Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.
Well suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shut off.Well suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shut off.
Not normally used for throttling, because soft seats areNot normally used for throttling, because soft seats aresubjected to erosion.subjected to erosion.
Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.
In certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro EthyleneIn certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene(PTFE) is impregnated on the surface structure of the valve(PTFE) is impregnated on the surface structure of the valveplug.plug.
Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.
Well suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shut off.Well suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shut off.
Not normally used for throttling, because soft seats areNot normally used for throttling, because soft seats aresubjected to erosion.subjected to erosion.
Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.
In certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro EthyleneIn certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene(PTFE) is impregnated on the surface structure of the valve(PTFE) is impregnated on the surface structure of the valveplug.plug.
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Based on sealing,Based on sealing,
Lubricated metal seated plug valves:Lubricated metal seated plug valves:
The lubrication of the seating surfaces is by meansThe lubrication of the seating surfaces is by meansof lubricant,which is fed into the operatingof lubricant,which is fed into the operatingsurfaces.surfaces.
Based on sealing,Based on sealing,
Lubricated metal seated plug valves:Lubricated metal seated plug valves:
The lubrication of the seating surfaces is by meansThe lubrication of the seating surfaces is by meansof lubricant,which is fed into the operatingof lubricant,which is fed into the operatingsurfaces.surfaces.
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Cross Section of a Plug Valve:Cross Section of a Plug Valve:
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ADVANTAGES OF PLUGADVANTAGES OF PLUGVALVE:VALVE: Used in Oil & Gas Industries.Used in Oil & Gas Industries. Fly Ash Applications.Fly Ash Applications. Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped &Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped &matched arent exposed to the line fluid, whichmatched arent exposed to the line fluid, whichreduce the corrosion and Erosion loses.reduce the corrosion and Erosion loses.
Fire Safety.Fire Safety. Reduced torque.Reduced torque. Online Maintenance.Online Maintenance.
Used in Oil & Gas Industries.Used in Oil & Gas Industries. Fly Ash Applications.Fly Ash Applications. Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped &Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped &matched arent exposed to the line fluid, whichmatched arent exposed to the line fluid, whichreduce the corrosion and Erosion loses.reduce the corrosion and Erosion loses.
Fire Safety.Fire Safety. Reduced torque.Reduced torque. Online Maintenance.Online Maintenance.
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Butterfly valve:Butterfly valve:---- They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.---- Seats are made of PTFE with certain reinforcement.Seats are made of PTFE with certain reinforcement.---- Valves up to 12 are operated with lever.Valves up to 12 are operated with lever.---- Higher diameter valves are provided with gear unitHigher diameter valves are provided with gear unitand hand wheel.and hand wheel.---- These valves are wear resistant.These valves are wear resistant.---- Elastomers have higher life expectancyElastomers have higher life expectancy
than conventional metallic seated valvesthan conventional metallic seated valveswhen used in high density mineral slurrywhen used in high density mineral slurryservices.services.
---- Generally used for line sizes >8.Generally used for line sizes >8.
---- They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.---- Seats are made of PTFE with certain reinforcement.Seats are made of PTFE with certain reinforcement.---- Valves up to 12 are operated with lever.Valves up to 12 are operated with lever.---- Higher diameter valves are provided with gear unitHigher diameter valves are provided with gear unitand hand wheel.and hand wheel.---- These valves are wear resistant.These valves are wear resistant.---- Elastomers have higher life expectancyElastomers have higher life expectancy
than conventional metallic seated valvesthan conventional metallic seated valveswhen used in high density mineral slurrywhen used in high density mineral slurryservices.services.
---- Generally used for line sizes >8.Generally used for line sizes >8.Cross Sectional
Top View
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WRENCH CONTROLEDWAFER TYPE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
HAND WHEEL CONTROLEDBUTTERFLY VALVES
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GLOBE VALVE:GLOBE VALVE:---- Globe valves are mainly used to throttle the fluid flow.Globe valves are mainly used to throttle the fluid flow.---- Smaller sizes are hand controlled.Smaller sizes are hand controlled.
---- Application of larger size valves are limited to bypass controlApplication of larger size valves are limited to bypass controlvalve stations.valve stations.
---- Provide relatively tight shut off.Provide relatively tight shut off.
---- Valve patterns involve change in flow directions.Valve patterns involve change in flow directions.---- The discs of globe valves shall be flatThe discs of globe valves shall be flat--faced type,faced type,
plug type,ball type,needle type,port type.plug type,ball type,needle type,port type.
---- Commonly used for pipe sizes up to 8Commonly used for pipe sizes up to 8---- High pressure drop across valve.High pressure drop across valve.
---- Globe valves are mainly used to throttle the fluid flow.Globe valves are mainly used to throttle the fluid flow.---- Smaller sizes are hand controlled.Smaller sizes are hand controlled.
---- Application of larger size valves are limited to bypass controlApplication of larger size valves are limited to bypass controlvalve stations.valve stations.
---- Provide relatively tight shut off.Provide relatively tight shut off.
---- Valve patterns involve change in flow directions.Valve patterns involve change in flow directions.---- The discs of globe valves shall be flatThe discs of globe valves shall be flat--faced type,faced type,
plug type,ball type,needle type,port type.plug type,ball type,needle type,port type.
---- Commonly used for pipe sizes up to 8Commonly used for pipe sizes up to 8---- High pressure drop across valve.High pressure drop across valve.
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CHECK VALVE:CHECK VALVE:---- Check valves prevent flow reversal.Check valves prevent flow reversal.---- Typical check valve applications are in pump and compressorTypical check valve applications are in pump and compressordischarge piping.discharge piping.---- Valves with discs provide lower resistance to flow of workingValves with discs provide lower resistance to flow of workingfluid than those that contain balls or pistons.fluid than those that contain balls or pistons.---- The later are often used where there is an angular change inThe later are often used where there is an angular change inflow stream.flow stream.---- Ball and lift check valves are used for sizes 2 and smaller.Ball and lift check valves are used for sizes 2 and smaller.---- Swing check and Plate check valves are used for higher pipeSwing check and Plate check valves are used for higher pipesizes.sizes.---- Major types are as below.Major types are as below.
---- Check valves prevent flow reversal.Check valves prevent flow reversal.---- Typical check valve applications are in pump and compressorTypical check valve applications are in pump and compressordischarge piping.discharge piping.---- Valves with discs provide lower resistance to flow of workingValves with discs provide lower resistance to flow of workingfluid than those that contain balls or pistons.fluid than those that contain balls or pistons.---- The later are often used where there is an angular change inThe later are often used where there is an angular change inflow stream.flow stream.---- Ball and lift check valves are used for sizes 2 and smaller.Ball and lift check valves are used for sizes 2 and smaller.---- Swing check and Plate check valves are used for higher pipeSwing check and Plate check valves are used for higher pipesizes.sizes.---- Major types are as below.Major types are as below.
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SWING CHECK VALVES:SWING CHECK VALVES:----The disc swings freely in the form of anThe disc swings freely in the form of anarc.arc.
----Valve is kept open by the flow and discValve is kept open by the flow and discseating is accomplished by gravity and/orseating is accomplished by gravity and/orflow reversal.flow reversal.
---- When used in vertical lines the flowWhen used in vertical lines the flowshould be upwards only.should be upwards only.
----The disc swings freely in the form of anThe disc swings freely in the form of anarc.arc.
----Valve is kept open by the flow and discValve is kept open by the flow and discseating is accomplished by gravity and/orseating is accomplished by gravity and/orflow reversal.flow reversal.
---- When used in vertical lines the flowWhen used in vertical lines the flowshould be upwards only.should be upwards only.
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SWING CHECK VALVESWING CHECK VALVE--WORKING:WORKING:
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LIFT CHECK VALVES:LIFT CHECK VALVES:---- Basic types are piston lift check valve,Ball lift checkBasic types are piston lift check valve,Ball lift checkvalve etc.,valve etc.,
---- Used for sizes to 2.Used for sizes to 2.---- Reverse flow forces piston or ball against seat.Reverse flow forces piston or ball against seat.---- Used to control vertical flow.Used to control vertical flow.
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THE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
Closed position Open position
Drawing and simulation of a direct operating pressure relief valve: left: valve closed; middle: symbol of a directoperating pressure relief valve according to ISO 1219; right: simulation of an operating pressure relief valveDescription:The pressure relief valve is mounted at the pressure side of the hydraulic pump. It's task is to limit the pressure in thesystem on an acceptable value. In fact a pressure relief valve has the same construction as a spring operated checkvalve. When the system gets overloaded the pressure relief valve will open and the pump flow will be leaded directlyinto the hydraulic reservoir. The pressure in the system remains on the value determined by the spring on the pressurerelief valve! In the pressure relief valve the pressure (=energy) will be converted into heat.For that reason longtimeoperation of the pressure relief valve should be avoided.
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DIAPHRAGM VALVE:DIAPHRAGM VALVE:---- These valves are used for low pressure corrosiveThese valves are used for low pressure corrosiveservices as shut off valve.services as shut off valve.---- These can also be used as control valves.These can also be used as control valves.---- Here the diaphragm moves up and down to operateHere the diaphragm moves up and down to operatethe valve.the valve.---- The major parts of diaphragm valves are,The major parts of diaphragm valves are,
1.Body1.Body2.Diaphragm2.Diaphragm3.Bonnet3.Bonnet4.Stem4.Stem5.Stem bushing5.Stem bushing6.Compressor6.Compressor7.Hand wheel7.Hand wheel8.Bonnet bolting.8.Bonnet bolting.
---- These valves are used for low pressure corrosiveThese valves are used for low pressure corrosiveservices as shut off valve.services as shut off valve.---- These can also be used as control valves.These can also be used as control valves.---- Here the diaphragm moves up and down to operateHere the diaphragm moves up and down to operatethe valve.the valve.---- The major parts of diaphragm valves are,The major parts of diaphragm valves are,
1.Body1.Body2.Diaphragm2.Diaphragm3.Bonnet3.Bonnet4.Stem4.Stem5.Stem bushing5.Stem bushing6.Compressor6.Compressor7.Hand wheel7.Hand wheel8.Bonnet bolting.8.Bonnet bolting.
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CONTROL VALVES & PRESSURECONTROL VALVES & PRESSUREREGULATORS:REGULATORS:
---- Control valves automatically regulates temperature,Control valves automatically regulates temperature,pressure,level and flow rate for any process variables.pressure,level and flow rate for any process variables.---- The control valve is usually chosen to be smaller than lineThe control valve is usually chosen to be smaller than linesize to avoid throttling and consequent rapid wear of thesize to avoid throttling and consequent rapid wear of theseat.seat.---- Globe pattern valves are normally used for control and theirGlobe pattern valves are normally used for control and theirends are usually flanged for ease of maintenance.The disc isends are usually flanged for ease of maintenance.The disc ismoved by hydraulic,pneumatic or electrical operators.moved by hydraulic,pneumatic or electrical operators.---- Control valves of globe type which adjusts downstreamControl valves of globe type which adjusts downstreampressure of liquid or gas to a set pressure is called aspressure of liquid or gas to a set pressure is called asPressure regulators.Pressure regulators.
---- Control valves automatically regulates temperature,Control valves automatically regulates temperature,pressure,level and flow rate for any process variables.pressure,level and flow rate for any process variables.---- The control valve is usually chosen to be smaller than lineThe control valve is usually chosen to be smaller than linesize to avoid throttling and consequent rapid wear of thesize to avoid throttling and consequent rapid wear of theseat.seat.---- Globe pattern valves are normally used for control and theirGlobe pattern valves are normally used for control and theirends are usually flanged for ease of maintenance.The disc isends are usually flanged for ease of maintenance.The disc ismoved by hydraulic,pneumatic or electrical operators.moved by hydraulic,pneumatic or electrical operators.---- Control valves of globe type which adjusts downstreamControl valves of globe type which adjusts downstreampressure of liquid or gas to a set pressure is called aspressure of liquid or gas to a set pressure is called asPressure regulators.Pressure regulators.
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Fig shows how a control valve can be used to control the rate of flow in a line.Fig shows how a control valve can be used to control the rate of flow in a line.----Here flow rate is related to the pressure drop across the sensing element.Here flow rate is related to the pressure drop across the sensing element.----The controller receives the pressure signals,compares them with theThe controller receives the pressure signals,compares them with thepressure drop for the desired flow and thus if the actual flow is different ,itpressure drop for the desired flow and thus if the actual flow is different ,itadjusts the control valve to increase or decrease the flow.adjusts the control valve to increase or decrease the flow.
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VALVE SELECTION PROCESS:VALVE SELECTION PROCESS:---- The steps that follow provide a general procedure for selectingThe steps that follow provide a general procedure for selectingvalve components,valve components,
1. Determine operation1. Determine operation--on/off, regulating, specialon/off, regulating, specialpurpose.purpose.2. Determine type of conveyed fluid2. Determine type of conveyed fluid--liquid,gas,slurry orliquid,gas,slurry orpowder.powder.3. Determine nature of fluid:3. Determine nature of fluid:
Neutral services:Neutral services: Oil,Drinking water, Nitrogen, Gas, Air.Oil,Drinking water, Nitrogen, Gas, Air. Corrosive service:Corrosive service: Acid,Alkaline.Acid,Alkaline. Hygienic services:Hygienic services: Food,Drugs.Food,Drugs. Slurry:Slurry: Suspension of solid particles in the fluid media.Suspension of solid particles in the fluid media.
4.Pressure and temperature of conveyed fluid.4.Pressure and temperature of conveyed fluid.5.Method of operating stem: consider closing time.5.Method of operating stem: consider closing time.6.Cost.6.Cost.7.Availability.7.Availability.8.Installation problems:Such as welding valves into lines.8.Installation problems:Such as welding valves into lines.
---- The steps that follow provide a general procedure for selectingThe steps that follow provide a general procedure for selectingvalve components,valve components,1. Determine operation1. Determine operation--on/off, regulating, specialon/off, regulating, specialpurpose.purpose.2. Determine type of conveyed fluid2. Determine type of conveyed fluid--liquid,gas,slurry orliquid,gas,slurry orpowder.powder.3. Determine nature of fluid:3. Determine nature of fluid:
Neutral services:Neutral services: Oil,Drinking water, Nitrogen, Gas, Air.Oil,Drinking water, Nitrogen, Gas, Air. Corrosive service:Corrosive service: Acid,Alkaline.Acid,Alkaline. Hygienic services:Hygienic services: Food,Drugs.Food,Drugs. Slurry:Slurry: Suspension of solid particles in the fluid media.Suspension of solid particles in the fluid media.
4.Pressure and temperature of conveyed fluid.4.Pressure and temperature of conveyed fluid.5.Method of operating stem: consider closing time.5.Method of operating stem: consider closing time.6.Cost.6.Cost.7.Availability.7.Availability.8.Installation problems:Such as welding valves into lines.8.Installation problems:Such as welding valves into lines.
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Hydro testsHydro tests Pneumatic TestsPneumatic Tests Fugitive Emission & Helium Leak TestsFugitive Emission & Helium Leak Tests Cryogenic TestsCryogenic Tests Fire TestsFire Tests Hot & Cold Cyclic TestsHot & Cold Cyclic Tests Seismic TestsSeismic Tests Natural Frequency TestsNatural Frequency Tests Static Load SimulationStatic Load Simulation Pipe End Reaction TestsPipe End Reaction Tests
TESTS CONDUCTED ON VALVES: Hydro testsHydro tests Pneumatic TestsPneumatic Tests Fugitive Emission & Helium Leak TestsFugitive Emission & Helium Leak Tests Cryogenic TestsCryogenic Tests Fire TestsFire Tests Hot & Cold Cyclic TestsHot & Cold Cyclic Tests Seismic TestsSeismic Tests Natural Frequency TestsNatural Frequency Tests Static Load SimulationStatic Load Simulation Pipe End Reaction TestsPipe End Reaction Tests
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Valve afterCryogenic Test
Fire Test
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TESTING FACILITIES:
Cryogenic Test FacilityCryogenic Test Facility 42 Trunnion42 Trunnion--mounted Ballmounted BallValve undergoing HydroValve undergoing Hydro
testtest
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TERMS USED FOR VALVESTERMS USED FOR VALVESSPECIFICATION:SPECIFICATION:
1.Pressure1.Pressure--Temperature ratings:Temperature ratings:It is the maximum allowable sustained nonIt is the maximum allowable sustained non--shockshockpressure at the corresponding tabulated temperaturepressure at the corresponding tabulated temperature
Reference standards:Reference standards: ANSI B 16.34 & ANSI B 16.5.ANSI B 16.34 & ANSI B 16.5.2.Class:2.Class:
As per American standard,As per American standard,Class 150#Class 150#Class 300#Class 300#Class 600#Class 600#Class 900#Class 900#Class 1500#Class 1500#Class 2500#Class 2500#Class 4500#Class 4500#
1.Pressure1.Pressure--Temperature ratings:Temperature ratings:It is the maximum allowable sustained nonIt is the maximum allowable sustained non--shockshockpressure at the corresponding tabulated temperaturepressure at the corresponding tabulated temperature
Reference standards:Reference standards: ANSI B 16.34 & ANSI B 16.5.ANSI B 16.34 & ANSI B 16.5.2.Class:2.Class:
As per American standard,As per American standard,Class 150#Class 150#Class 300#Class 300#Class 600#Class 600#Class 900#Class 900#Class 1500#Class 1500#Class 2500#Class 2500#Class 4500#Class 4500#
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Material StandardsMaterial Standards--ASTMASTM (America Society for Testing and(America Society for Testing andMaterials)Materials)
Dimensional StandardsDimensional Standards--ANSIANSI (American National Standards(American National StandardsInstitute)Institute)
Adapted byAdapted by ASMEASME (American Society for Mechanical(American Society for MechanicalEngineers)Engineers)
The American Petroleum Institute (API)The American Petroleum Institute (API) Standards for SomeStandards for SomeCommonly used Valves are as follows:Commonly used Valves are as follows:
API 6DAPI 6D Pipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors andPipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors andSwivelsSwivels
API 6FAPI 6F Recommended Practice for Fire Test valvesRecommended Practice for Fire Test valves API 593API 593 Ductile Iron Plug ValvesDuctile Iron Plug Valves Flanged EndsFlanged Ends API 598API 598 Valves Inspection and TestValves Inspection and Test API 600API 600 Steel Gate ValvesSteel Gate Valves API 602API 602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate ValvesCompact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves API 604API 604 Ductile Iron Gate ValvesDuctile Iron Gate Valves Flanged EndsFlanged Ends API 607API 607 Fire Test for Soft Seated Ball ValvesFire Test for Soft Seated Ball Valves
Material StandardsMaterial Standards--ASTMASTM (America Society for Testing and(America Society for Testing andMaterials)Materials)
Dimensional StandardsDimensional Standards--ANSIANSI (American National Standards(American National StandardsInstitute)Institute)
Adapted byAdapted by ASMEASME (American Society for Mechanical(American Society for MechanicalEngineers)Engineers)
The American Petroleum Institute (API)The American Petroleum Institute (API) Standards for SomeStandards for SomeCommonly used Valves are as follows:Commonly used Valves are as follows:
API 6DAPI 6D Pipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors andPipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors andSwivelsSwivels
API 6FAPI 6F Recommended Practice for Fire Test valvesRecommended Practice for Fire Test valves API 593API 593 Ductile Iron Plug ValvesDuctile Iron Plug Valves Flanged EndsFlanged Ends API 598API 598 Valves Inspection and TestValves Inspection and Test API 600API 600 Steel Gate ValvesSteel Gate Valves API 602API 602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate ValvesCompact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves API 604API 604 Ductile Iron Gate ValvesDuctile Iron Gate Valves Flanged EndsFlanged Ends API 607API 607 Fire Test for Soft Seated Ball ValvesFire Test for Soft Seated Ball Valves
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The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Standardsfor SomeThe American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Standardsfor SomeCommonly used Valves are as follows:Commonly used Valves are as follows:
American Welding Society (AWS)American Welding Society (AWS)American Water Works Association (AWWA)American Water Works Association (AWWA)These Standards refer to the piping elements required for lowThese Standards refer to the piping elements required for low
pressure water services.pressure water services.These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,
required for larger diameter water pipe lines are covered underrequired for larger diameter water pipe lines are covered underthis standard and are referred rarely by the piping Engineers.this standard and are referred rarely by the piping Engineers.
CC 500 : Gate Valves for Water and sewage system500 : Gate Valves for Water and sewage systemCC 510 : Cast Iron Sluice Gate Valves510 : Cast Iron Sluice Gate ValvesCC 504 : Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves504 : Rubber Seated Butterfly ValvesCC 507 : Ball Valves 6 to 48507 : Ball Valves 6 to 48CC 508 : Swing Check Valves 2 to 24508 : Swing Check Valves 2 to 24CC 509 : Resilient Seated Gate Valves for Water and sewage509 : Resilient Seated Gate Valves for Water and sewage
The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Standardsfor SomeThe American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Standardsfor SomeCommonly used Valves are as follows:Commonly used Valves are as follows:
American Welding Society (AWS)American Welding Society (AWS)American Water Works Association (AWWA)American Water Works Association (AWWA)These Standards refer to the piping elements required for lowThese Standards refer to the piping elements required for low
pressure water services.pressure water services.These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,
required for larger diameter water pipe lines are covered underrequired for larger diameter water pipe lines are covered underthis standard and are referred rarely by the piping Engineers.this standard and are referred rarely by the piping Engineers.
CC 500 : Gate Valves for Water and sewage system500 : Gate Valves for Water and sewage systemCC 510 : Cast Iron Sluice Gate Valves510 : Cast Iron Sluice Gate ValvesCC 504 : Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves504 : Rubber Seated Butterfly ValvesCC 507 : Ball Valves 6 to 48507 : Ball Valves 6 to 48CC 508 : Swing Check Valves 2 to 24508 : Swing Check Valves 2 to 24CC 509 : Resilient Seated Gate Valves for Water and sewage509 : Resilient Seated Gate Valves for Water and sewage
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The Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and FittingThe Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and FittingIndustryIndustry Standard Practices (MSSStandard Practices (MSS SP):SP):
In addition to the above standards and material codes, there areIn addition to the above standards and material codes, there arestandard practices followed by the manufacturers and arestandard practices followed by the manufacturers and arewidely used.widely used.The most Common MSSThe most Common MSS--SP standards referred for Valves are asSP standards referred for Valves are asfollows:follows:
MSSMSS SPSP 42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and check42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and checkvalvesvalves
MSSMSS SPSP 61 : Pressure testing of valves61 : Pressure testing of valvesMSSMSS SPSP 67 : Butterfly Valves67 : Butterfly ValvesMSSMSS SPSP 68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valves68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valvesMSSMSS SPSP 70 : Cast iron gate valves70 : Cast iron gate valvesMSSMSS SPSP 71 : Cast iron check valves71 : Cast iron check valvesMSSMSS SPSP 72 : Ball Valves72 : Ball ValvesMSSMSS SPSP 78 : Cast iron plug valves78 : Cast iron plug valvesMSSMSS SPSP 80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valves80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valvesMSSMSS SPSP 85 : Cast iron globe valves85 : Cast iron globe valvesMSSMSS SPSP 88 : Diaphragm valves88 : Diaphragm valvesMSSMSS SPSP 108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valves108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valves
The Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and FittingThe Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and FittingIndustryIndustry Standard Practices (MSSStandard Practices (MSS SP):SP):
In addition to the above standards and material codes, there areIn addition to the above standards and material codes, there arestandard practices followed by the manufacturers and arestandard practices followed by the manufacturers and arewidely used.widely used.The most Common MSSThe most Common MSS--SP standards referred for Valves are asSP standards referred for Valves are asfollows:follows:
MSSMSS SPSP 42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and check42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and checkvalvesvalves
MSSMSS SPSP 61 : Pressure testing of valves61 : Pressure testing of valvesMSSMSS SPSP 67 : Butterfly Valves67 : Butterfly ValvesMSSMSS SPSP 68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valves68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valvesMSSMSS SPSP 70 : Cast iron gate valves70 : Cast iron gate valvesMSSMSS SPSP 71 : Cast iron check valves71 : Cast iron check valvesMSSMSS SPSP 72 : Ball Valves72 : Ball ValvesMSSMSS SPSP 78 : Cast iron plug valves78 : Cast iron plug valvesMSSMSS SPSP 80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valves80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valvesMSSMSS SPSP 85 : Cast iron globe valves85 : Cast iron globe valvesMSSMSS SPSP 88 : Diaphragm valves88 : Diaphragm valvesMSSMSS SPSP 108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valves108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valves
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BRITISH STANDARDS (BS):BRITISH STANDARDS (BS):
The following are some of British Standards referred by IndianThe following are some of British Standards referred by IndianManufacturers for Valves:Manufacturers for Valves:
BS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etcBS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etcBS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated ValvesBS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated ValvesBS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of ValvesBS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of ValvesBS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves for generalBS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves for general
purposespurposesBS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposesBS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposesBS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check ValvesBS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check ValvesBS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for generalBS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for general
purposespurposes
BRITISH STANDARDS (BS):BRITISH STANDARDS (BS):
The following are some of British Standards referred by IndianThe following are some of British Standards referred by IndianManufacturers for Valves:Manufacturers for Valves:
BS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etcBS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etcBS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated ValvesBS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated ValvesBS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of ValvesBS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of ValvesBS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves for generalBS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves for general
purposespurposesBS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposesBS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposesBS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check ValvesBS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check ValvesBS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for generalBS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for general
purposespurposes
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BS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposesBS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposesBS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposesBS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposesBS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposesBS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposesBS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2NBBS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2NBBS 5353 : Specification for Plug ValvesBS 5353 : Specification for Plug ValvesBS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for waterBS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for waterBS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic servicesBS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic servicesBS 6755 : Testing of ValvesBS 6755 : Testing of ValvesBS 6759 : Safety ValvesBS 6759 : Safety Valves
BS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposesBS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposesBS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposesBS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposesBS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposesBS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposesBS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2NBBS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2NBBS 5353 : Specification for Plug ValvesBS 5353 : Specification for Plug ValvesBS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for waterBS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for waterBS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic servicesBS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic servicesBS 6755 : Testing of ValvesBS 6755 : Testing of ValvesBS 6759 : Safety ValvesBS 6759 : Safety Valves
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INDIAN STANDARDS : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)INDIAN STANDARDS : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)Unlike American Standards, Indian Standards cover DimensionalUnlike American Standards, Indian Standards cover Dimensional
and material Specifications under the same Standard Number:and material Specifications under the same Standard Number:The following are some of the commonly referred Indian standardsThe following are some of the commonly referred Indian standards
by Piping Engineers:by Piping Engineers:IS 778 : Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and CheckIS 778 : Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and Check
ValvesValvesIS 780 : Specification for Sluice ValvesIS 780 : Specification for Sluice Valves 50 NB to 300 NB50 NB to 300 NBIS 2906 : Specification for Sluice ValvesIS 2906 : Specification for Sluice Valves 350 NB to 1200 NB350 NB to 1200 NBIS 4038 : Specifications for Foot ValvesIS 4038 : Specifications for Foot ValvesIS 5312 : Specification for Check ValvesIS 5312 : Specification for Check ValvesIS 6157 : Inspection and Testing of ValveIS 6157 : Inspection and Testing of ValveIS 10605 : Steel Globe Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10605 : Steel Globe Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10611 : Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10611 : Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10805 : Foot ValvesIS 10805 : Foot ValvesIS 11790 : Code of practice for preparation of Butt welding ends forIS 11790 : Code of practice for preparation of Butt welding ends for
valves, flanges and fittingsvalves, flanges and fittingsIS 11792 : Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum IndustryIS 11792 : Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum IndustryIS 13095 : Butterfly ValvesIS 13095 : Butterfly Valves
DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan.DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan.
INDIAN STANDARDS : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)INDIAN STANDARDS : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)Unlike American Standards, Indian Standards cover DimensionalUnlike American Standards, Indian Standards cover Dimensional
and material Specifications under the same Standard Number:and material Specifications under the same Standard Number:The following are some of the commonly referred Indian standardsThe following are some of the commonly referred Indian standards
by Piping Engineers:by Piping Engineers:IS 778 : Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and CheckIS 778 : Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and Check
ValvesValvesIS 780 : Specification for Sluice ValvesIS 780 : Specification for Sluice Valves 50 NB to 300 NB50 NB to 300 NBIS 2906 : Specification for Sluice ValvesIS 2906 : Specification for Sluice Valves 350 NB to 1200 NB350 NB to 1200 NBIS 4038 : Specifications for Foot ValvesIS 4038 : Specifications for Foot ValvesIS 5312 : Specification for Check ValvesIS 5312 : Specification for Check ValvesIS 6157 : Inspection and Testing of ValveIS 6157 : Inspection and Testing of ValveIS 10605 : Steel Globe Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10605 : Steel Globe Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10611 : Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10611 : Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10805 : Foot ValvesIS 10805 : Foot ValvesIS 11790 : Code of practice for preparation of Butt welding ends forIS 11790 : Code of practice for preparation of Butt welding ends for
valves, flanges and fittingsvalves, flanges and fittingsIS 11792 : Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum IndustryIS 11792 : Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum IndustryIS 13095 : Butterfly ValvesIS 13095 : Butterfly Valves
DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan.DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan.
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ERECTION TIPS:ERECTION TIPS: Gate/ Globe Stem to be erected in vertical directionGate/ Globe Stem to be erected in vertical directionto avoid the chances of leakage.to avoid the chances of leakage.
Check Valve to be erected in Horizontal andCheck Valve to be erected in Horizontal andaccording to the flow of direction marked in theaccording to the flow of direction marked in thevalve.valve.
While lifting Higher size Gate valves, Integral ByWhile lifting Higher size Gate valves, Integral By--pass lines should not be used for lifting purpose.pass lines should not be used for lifting purpose.
If Valves are tested with water, Valve internals to beIf Valves are tested with water, Valve internals to bedried by Nitrogen/ Air.dried by Nitrogen/ Air.
Gate/ Globe Stem to be erected in vertical directionGate/ Globe Stem to be erected in vertical directionto avoid the chances of leakage.to avoid the chances of leakage.
Check Valve to be erected in Horizontal andCheck Valve to be erected in Horizontal andaccording to the flow of direction marked in theaccording to the flow of direction marked in thevalve.valve.
While lifting Higher size Gate valves, Integral ByWhile lifting Higher size Gate valves, Integral By--pass lines should not be used for lifting purpose.pass lines should not be used for lifting purpose.
If Valves are tested with water, Valve internals to beIf Valves are tested with water, Valve internals to bedried by Nitrogen/ Air.dried by Nitrogen/ Air.
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Quality needs:Quality needs:
ISO 9001ISO 9001--2000.2000. API Spec Q1.API Spec Q1. API 6A.API 6A. API 6D (Product Specification).API 6D (Product Specification). IBR.IBR.
ISO 9001ISO 9001--2000.2000. API Spec Q1.API Spec Q1. API 6A.API 6A. API 6D (Product Specification).API 6D (Product Specification). IBR.IBR.