vancouver method of reference
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Vancouver Method of Reference
DR M.V.SINGH MD, DCH
Associate ProfessorDepartment Of Pediatrics
Reference or Bibliography is one of topics in thesis making, examiner is very particular about!
This is all about the correct methodology of referencing the text in thesis with examples.
There are two methods we can use to cite one is superscript format e.g. 1 & other, enclosed in round brackets, e.g. (1). Here is example of type of referencing
Superscript Format Incidence of acute diarrhoea in children
under 5 is 223
Bracket Format Incidence of acute diarrhoea in children
under 5 is 22 (3)
How to Cite reference
When citing more than one source at a time, the preferred method is to list each reference number separately with a comma or dash (without spaces) between each reference.
Incidence of acute diarrhoea in children under 5 is 22 3,22,90
OR Incidence of acute diarrhoea in children
under 5 is 22 (3,22,90)
Citing More Than One Reference at a Time
If the editor of a book is also the authors of all of the included chapters like Ghai textbook of pediatrics or Park PSM then it should be cited as
Standard format Author/editor. Title: subtitle. Edition.
Vol. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page number(s).
Books: Single author or editor
1.Park K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive Medicine. 19th edition. Jabalpur: m/s Banarsidas Bhanot; 2007. p. 183-188. (chapter name not included,)
2.Ghai O.P. Ghai Essential Pediatrics: Diseases of gastrointestinal tract and liver. 7th edition. Delhi-92; CSB Publ: 2009. p. 260-269. (vol not applicable here)
When the chapters have individual title and author/s, but are included in textbooks edited by others.
Standard format Author of Part. Title of chapter. In:
Editor A, Editor B, editors. Title: subtitle of Book. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. page numbers.
Books: Multiple authors or editors
Ashiok K. Patwari. Diseases of Gastrointestinal System and Liver: Diarrheal Diseases. In: A Parthsarathy, editor, IAP Textbook of Pediatrics, 4th edition vol.2. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2009. p. 602-608.
The Oxford concise medical dictionary. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 26.
No author
Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta. Acute Gastroenteritis in Children. In: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, editors, Nelson TextbookofPediatrics 18th edition vol.2 New Delhi: Elsevier; 2008. p. 1605- 1618.
Multiple volumes
Assessment of risk & risk management for water related infectious disease. WHO/UNICEF: Global water supply & sanitation assessment report 2000; chapter 1: p. 1-5
Corporate author (Organisation like WHO, UNICEF etc)
NFHS-2 (1998-1999) National Family Health Survey India. International Institute of Population Science, Deonar, Mumbai, 2000.
Government publication
Capitalise only the first word of an article title. List the first six authors followed by et al. if more authors.
If up to six you will have to write all names (very common mistake we all do).
JOURNAL ARTICLES
The titles of journals should be abbreviated as they appear in Medline index. To indicate a page range use 123-9, 126-34 or 111-222. If you refer to only one page, use only 111.
Author of article A, Author of article B. Title of article. Abbreviated Title of Journal. year; vol (issue): page number(s).
Write issue and suppl if applicable Journal article 1.Sonia Puri, Vikas Bhatia, Amarjeet Singh, HM Swami,
Amrit Kaur. Uptake of newer vaccines in Chandigarh. Indian J Pediatr. 2007; 74: 47-50.
2.Bandyopadhyay S, Banerjee K, Sharma RS. Practices of preparation of oral rehydration solution among mothers reporting to the drug distribution centers in Delhi. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1993;11(4):249-251.
Standard format
More than six authors Lebenthal E, Heitlinger L, Lee PC, Nord KS,
Hodge C, Brooks SP et al. Corn syrup sugars: in vitro and in vivo digestibility and clinical tolerance in acute diarrhea of infancy. J Pediatr. 1983; 103(1): 29-34.
et al after writing names of six authors only if more than six authors
Organization with author Birger C Forsberg. Diarrhoea case management in low
and middle income countries Bulletin of the World Health Organization: January 2007, 85 (1) 42-48.
No author given 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the
tail. BMJ. 2002; 325(7537):184. Volume with supplement Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and
safety of frovatriptan with short and long term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.
Newspaper article Schwartz, J. Obesity affects economic,
social status. The Washington Post 1993 sept 30, p A1.
When you cite an electronic source try to describe it in the same way you would describe a similar printed publication.
Standard format Author A, Author B. Title of e-book [format].
Place: Publisher; Date of original publication. Available from : Source. URL.
1. David Werner. Questioning The Solution- The Politics of Primary Health Care and Child Survival . Palo Alto CA: Healthwrights publication; 1997 p. 33-71.Available from:http://www.healthwrights.org/books/QTSonline.htm
E-Books
Journal article accessed from online database Standard format Author A, Author B. Title of article. Abbreviated
Title of Journal [Abstract if appliacable]. year [cited year abbreviated month day];vol(no):page numbers. Available from: Database Name (if appropriate). URL.
1. Jha N, Singh R, Baral D. Knowledge, attitude and
practices of mothers regarding home management of acute diarrhoea in Sunsari, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2006; 8(1): 27-30. Availablefrom http://www.pubmed.gov: PMID: 16827086
E-Journals
Thamer Kadum Yousif Al Hilfy. Mother’s knowledge and attitude regarding childhood survival. MEJFM (abstract). 2007; 5(1): 9-26.Available from ttp://www.mejfm.com/ journal/Jan2007/MEJFM_Jan2007.pdf
The reference list should appear at the end of paper. Begin the list on a new page. The title References should be either left justified or centered on the page.
The entries should appear as one numerical sequence in the order that the material is cited in the text of thesis.
How a Reference List Should Look Like
1. Ibrahim MM, Aden AS, Omar HM, Wall S, Persson LA. Diarrhoea among children in rural Somalia. Maternal perceptions, management and mortality. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1994; 14(3): 215-222.
2. Gutierrez G, Tapia-Conyer R, Guiscafre H, Reyes H, Martinez H, Kumate J. Impact of oral rehydration and selected public health interventions on reduction of mortality from childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Mexico. Bull World Health Organ. 1996; 74(2):189-97.
3. Jha N, Singh R, Baral D. Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding home management of acute diarrhoea in Sunsari, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J. 2006; 8(1): 27-30.Available from http://www.pubmed.gov: PMID: 16827086
4. WHO: Readings on diarrhea- student’s manual, programme for control of diarrhoeal diseases. WHO. 1994, Geneva. p. 3-5.
5. Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Mandal SK, Manna B, Sikder SN, Sirkar BK. Maternal behaviour and feeding practices as determinants of childhood diarrhoea: some observations amongst rural Bengalee mothers. Indian J Public Health. 1994; 38(2): 77-80.
Ed Edition
et al and others
No number (series)
p page/pages (book)
Suppl Supplement
Vol volume (book)
Abbreviations