vaporizer technology flngrfor lng re-gasc2286572.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/cryoquip.pdf ·...
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![Page 1: Vaporizer Technology fLNGRfor LNG Re-Gasc2286572.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/Cryoquip.pdf · Vaporizer System Paybacks vs. SCV 3.5 4 4.5 ORV Shell & Tube FAV 2 2.5 3 AAV IFV-Mustang](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f4b84a1ab17f61b9f721bb8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Vaporizer Technology f LNG R Gfor LNG Re-Gas
Comparisons of Various Methods
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Background
Five heat sources◦ Fuel◦ Water◦ Air◦ Radiation◦ Mechanical Reverse Refrigeration /Cooling
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SCV
Old To New Approaches
• SCV• ORV
Shell and Tubes• Shell and Tubes• Direct Contact Ambient
AAV = Natural Draft– AAV = Natural Draft– FAV = Fan Assisted
• Intermediate Fluids with Fin Fans• Intermediate Fluids with Fin Fans• Heating Towers [reverse cooling towers]
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• Key is “Life Cycle Cost”
Decision DriversKey is Life Cycle CostCapital Cost ++ Installation Costs + Installation Time + Space Requirements + Operating Costs
+ Fuel+ Fuel + Power+ Chemicals and Systems y+ Environmental + Replacement and Maintenance + Operating manpower
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“Soft Issues”
• Operational FlexibilityLoad Follo ing– Load Following
– Restart time and costs• ReliabilityReliability• Ease of Operation• Effectiveness
– Ambient Temperature Limits to Operation– Trim Heat Required to Reach Pipeline TemperatureEfficiency• Efficiency
• Turndown Range
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Hidden Costs• Water Intake / Outfall Systems
– Screens and Filters– Water Quality and Treatments
• Algaecides / Bacterial Treatments• Suspended Solids• Suspended Solids• Corrosion
• Intermediate fluids– Cost– Hazards
• ChemicalsC e ca s– Neutralizing– HypochloritesEnvironmental Compliance• Environmental Compliance
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Overall Efficiencies• Basis = 1 BCFD about 600,000,000 btu / hr• Efficiency = 600 MM / total energy used• Efficiency = 600 MM / total energy used
• SCV at 98% fuel efficient– 98% =600,000,000 / 612,248,900 – Power required = 2400 kW = 8,195,000 btu / hr
Fi l 600 MM / 612 8 2 MM 96 7%– Final = 600 MM / 612 + 8.2 MM = 96.7%
• AAV using 0 power and 0 fuel = infinite%AAV using 0 power and 0 fuel infinite%– Heat drawn from ambient heat sink– 600,000,000 btu / 0 = infinite
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Gained b sing
Mechanical Advantage
Gained by using ◦ Pumps for using “free” seawater heat sink◦ Fans for using “free” ambient air heat sink◦ Fans for using free ambient air heat sink
Outcomes are surprisingOutcomes are surprising◦ Apparent efficiencies exceed 100%◦ Only within confines of closed system withOnly within confines of closed system with
Free energy in waterFree energy in airFree energy in air
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Vaporization Efficiency for Various Technologiesfor Various Technologies
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Trim Heat Required for Competing
P e rc e n t T rim H e a t R e q u ire d v s A m b ie n t T e m p e ra tu re
eat equ ed o Co pet gAmbient LNG Vaporizer Technologies
q p
5 44 0 4 51 0 0
1 2 0
6 0
8 0
Req
uire
d
D ire c t AAV/ F AVF in / F a nR C li T
2 0
4 0
% T
rim H
eat R R e ve rs e C o o lin g T o w e r
Mu s ta n g S m a rt S ys te m
6 86 5 7 0
00 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0
Am b ie n t T e m p e ra tu re (F )
%
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5
Vaporizer System Paybacks vs. SCV
3.54
4.55
ORVShell & TubeFAV
22.5
33.5 FAV
AAVIFV-Mustang
Years
0 51
1.52 IFV Mustang
IFV-DahejRCT
00.5
ORV
Shell &FAV
AAV
IFV-Mu
IFV-DaRCT
& Tube
Mustang
Dahej
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N t l D ft Di t A bi t Ai V iNatural Draft Direct Ambient Air Vaporizers
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The End
Questions???