7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 1 21

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23

(Variable Speed Drives)

1. (Variable Speed Drives: VSD) (Inverter)

- AC motor Induction Squirrel Cage 1

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 2 21

1

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 3 21

3 (Squirrel Cage Induction Motor) (V/F) VSD VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) (Vector Control) (Sensor) () (Sensorless) 2 3 V/F V/F

GeneralPurpose V/F

Inverters

Vector ControlInvertersSensorless

Inverters

2

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 4 21

VSD

VSD (Variable Speed Drives) ASD (Adjustable Speed Drive), VFD (Variable Frequency Drive), Frequency Converter

3 VSD

RECTIFIER 3 Rectify INTERMEDIATE CIRCUIT Rectifier Inverter ( Intermediate Circuit DC Link) Inverter INVERTER Inverter IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) (Resistor) DC Link

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 5 21

(Regeneration Energy) (Generator) CONTROL UNIT - (Input/Output Unit: I/O, Man-Machine-Interface: MMI) PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ON-OFF IGBTs Inverter

4 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 6 21

2.

/

Torque, Speed, Power 5 Variable Torque Load Centrifugal Pump, Centrifugal Fan, Extruder, Mixer Constant Torque Load Compressor, Conveyor

Torque

Power

Speed (%full speed )

Pow

er &

Tor

que

( %fu

ll lo

ad )

100

100

0

Variable Torque Load

Torque

Power

Speed (%full speed )

Pow

er &

Tor

que

( %fu

ll lo

ad )

100

100

0

Constant Torque Load

Torque

Power

Speed (%full speed )

Pow

er &

Tor

que

( %fu

ll lo

ad )

100

100

0

Constant Power Load

5

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 7 21

(: P, : Q) (Design Point) / (Set Point)

6 (n1) (Q) (P) Load Line A-D ()

h, P

Q

hrated

frictionhead

static head

n1n2

pw1 (n1)pw2 (n2)

P*Load Line A

Load Line B

Energy Saving

n3n4n5

Load Line CLoad Line D

pw3 (n3)pw4 (n4)pw5 (n5)

6

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 8 21

6 (VSD) (P*) () (Pump Performance Curve) ( n2 n5) (Primary-Secondary Variable flow Pumping)

VSD 1. Primary Pump (Primary CHP) Chiller

Primary pump (Constant Water Volume, CWV)

2. Secondary Pump (Secondary CHP) AHU AHU Room Temperature Controller Secondary Pump (Variable Water Volume, VWV) Supply / Return

Chiller

Primary Pump

AHU

Secondary Pump

Common Line

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 9 21

3. Flow Primary CHP (Supply) Secondary CHP (Demand) Flow Switch Common Header

Forward Flow Switch (on) Reverse Flow Switch (off) Primary Circuit Secondary Circuit Flow Supply Demand Secondary CHP AHU Chiller

Secondary Flow Primary Flow Supply Demand Secondary CHP AHU Chiller Overflow Secondary Common Header Chiller

Flow Switch Balance Flow Supply Demand

4. Main Return Temperature Indicator Chiller AHU

Return Water Temperature Supply Demand Chiller

Return Water Temperature Supply Demand

Return Water Temperature Supply Demand Chiller Down Load

5. Chiller Supply Temperature Controller

Supply Water Temperature Set Point Chiller Supply Water Temperature Set Point Supply Water Temperature Set Point Chiller Down Load

Set Point 6. Secondary CHP VSD Demand Differential Pressure

Transmitter (DPT) AHU ( 1-Control Valve , 2-Cooling Coil 3-Balancing Valve)

Diff Pressure Set Point, VSD Secondary CHP

Diff Pressure Set Point, VSD Secondary CHP

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 10 21

7. Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) VSD Secondary CHP Minimum RPM AHU PRV

Concept :

Secondary Loop ( Duration Curve) Return Water Temperature Chiller

Concept : DPT VSD Secondary CHP

Set Point (Minimum RPM PRV )

(Energy Saving) Energy Saving = (Baseline) (Post) = kW input [ H2 (ft) x Q2 (GPM) x 0.746 ] p x m x vsd x 3960 H2 Control Curve () Q2

H = (ft) Q = (GPM) p = m = vsd = VSD

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 11 21

(Optimum Control of Multiple Pumps)

System Curve Friction Loss Secondary Pressure Drop

Control Valve, Cooling Coil Balancing Valve Friction Loss Pressure Drop DPT

Performance Pump Curve Flow 3 (1P 1 , 2P 2 3P 3 )

A, B C System Curve 3P, 2P 1P 3, 2 1 100% Chiller Manager Total Flow Flow Meter Main Return Flow Pre-set (Stable) Chiller Manager Mode 100% A, B C Flow

VSD DPT 3 Flow A Ft

A 1 Flow F1 DPT 1 Friction Loss Curve DPT

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 12 21

1 1 F1 Nominal Speed x F1/ Ft

3 Flow A Ft A 2 Flow F2 DPT 2 Friction Loss DPT 2 2 F2 3 Nominal Speed x F2/ Ft

2 B 2 100%

2 Flow B Flow 3

2 Flow B Flow 3 2 C Chiller Manager 2 1 100%

PRV (Pressure Relief Valve)

1 Minimum RPM D PRV Controller

PRV PPRV E 1 D AHU

(Minimum RPM) E AHU PRV Fe PPRV

1 E AHU D F DPT F Friction Loss Curve DPT Minimum RPM Chiller Manager PRV Controller C 1 100% C Chiller Manager 2 3 A 3 100% AHU

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 13 21

5-80%

o

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 14 21

3.

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 15 21

4.

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 16 21

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 17 21

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 18 21

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 19 21

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 20 21

7 : (Motor & Drive)

23 : (Variable Speed Drives) 21 21

1. -

2. 020 ,

3. Good Practice Guide 249 : Energy Saving in Industrial Water Pumping Systems Best Practice Programme

4. Variable Speed Driven Pumps-Best Practice Guide , BPMA : The Pump Industry Association