varuna and the suffix -una

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  • 7/28/2019 Varuna and the Suffix -Una

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    B R I E F C O M M U N I C A T I O N S

    VARLrt~A AND THE SUF FIX-unaI n h i s m o n o g r a p h M i t r a a n d A r y a m a n ( T r a n s a ct io n s o f t h e C o n n e c ti c u tA c a d e m y o f A r t s a n d S c ie n c es , 41 . 1 - 96 , 1957) , T h i e m e ha s e l a b o r a t e d on( 60 - 1 ) t he pos s i b l e e t ym o l og i e s o f vdrun,a , p r o p e r l y r e je c ti n g t h e i m p o s -s ib le sugges ted connexion wi th o60 .v6~.

    By c o ns i de r i ng ( 60) t he pos s i b i l i ty o f a s u ff ix - u n a t o v.r " e n c l o s e " a n dp r e f e r r i ng ( 61 ) a de r i va t i on f r o m I E uer - " s p e a k " , T h i e m e t e n t a t i v e l y p r o -pos e s t he m e a n i ng " t r ue s pe e c h" , a nd t e s t s t h i s s e ns e i n c on t e x t s .I t s ee m s t o m e t h a t a c l o s er c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e m o r p h o l o g y a n d s u p -p o s e d I E e t y m o l o g y o f th i s f o r m a t i o n t e n d s t o s t re n g t h e n T h i e m e ' sp r e f e r r e d c on j e c t u r e .

    A suff ix - u n a ( W a c k e r n a g e l - D e b r u n n e r , A i G , 2.2, w302) is no t pa r t i cu la r -l y c o m m o n i n I n d i c a n d m a y b e v i ew e d i n a n u m b e r o f w a y s . I f w e l e t Bs t a n d f o r t h e b a s e , s u c h a s h a p e c o u l d c o n c e i v a b l y r e p r e se n t B . u n a , B - u -n a ,o r B - h a . T h e f o l l o w i n g se e m c l e a r ly t o r e p r e s e n t B - u - h a : V e d . tfirun,a -(~0~r mi th un f i - (m i thu) , dr jun, a- (~pvt~por -ee t f ina- ( su-ee t f i - ), A V .p h d lg u -ha- (phalg(t-) . See esp. w302e on t he r e l a t i on o f - u : -una. V e d i c arun.d -( : aru.sd-) i s no t r e a l l y c l e a r ; s ee , f o r e x a m p l e , P ok o r n y , I E W , 302.

    C l e a r c a s e s o f B - u n a a r e o f n e c e ss it y h a r d t o e s ta b l is h u n e q u i v o c a l l y ,s in c e p r o o f r e li es i n l a r g e m e a s u r e o n t h e n e g a t i v e t e st o f o u r i n a b i l it y t os e g m e n t f u r t h e r . W h a t , f o r e x a m p l e , i s ~akund-? O n e s u c h m a y b e

    plAuna- ( : G o t h . f a i h , L i t h . pe~k t i ) , e s p . c ons i de r e d a l ongs i de vdrun,a - i nt e r m s o f M e i l l e t ' s r e m a r k a s c i t e d b y T h i e m e ( 6 1 ) ; s e e a l s o I E W 7 9 5 .P e r h a p s a n o t h e r i n s t a n c e i s t h e i s o l a t e d ya t f i na - ( : y a H ) .

    I t is n o t c e r t a i n t h a t kar l . ha - i s t o be r e l a t e d t o k . r . H o w e v e r , f o r V e d .dharf ina- ( : dh.r, dhdran, a- ; s e e m o s t r e c e n t l y M . M a y r h o f e r , I n d i a n L i n -gu i s t i c s , 17, 103- -4 , 1957 , fo r the poss ib le re l a t ionsh ip to a d i s s imi la t edo ~ x ~ ) , i t is c u s t o m a r y t o p o si t ( e.g . I E W , 252) a n I E ba s e *dher(a)- .I f w e s u p p o s e t h a t t h is f i n a l l a r y n g e a l (a ) w a s n o n - a - c o l o u r i n g , w e m a yp o s i t * y w a n d e xpe c t t o s e e s om e s t r a y re f le xe s o f a ppa r e n t I E . ~. 1 T h usw e m a y a n a l y z e dharf i .na- a s *dheru-no- < **dherTW-; w h e t h e r t h e l a s t1 See A. Martinet, Word , 9, 253-67 (1953); E. P. Ham p, Word , 11,399-403 (1955),and an article "Palatal before resonant in A l~.anian",appearing in K Z .

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    BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS 65c o n t a i n s a s u ff ix , o r e x t e n s i o n , , .y w _ , o r j u s t h o w i t is t o b e s e g m e n t e d ,is a q u e s t i o n o f a n o t h e r o r d e r a n d n e e d n o t c o n c e r n u s h e r e. I n t h isf r a m e w o r k , w e m a y p e r h a p s b e a b le m o r e a d e q u a t e l y t o a c c o u n t f o rd h r u v d - , a n d e v e n L i th . d r ~ t a s e t c . , t h a n f o r m e r l y ; v . I E W , 2 1 4 - 7 .

    T h i s n o w b r i n g s u s t o v d r u n a - . G ~ t h . u r v a t a - a n d I n d i c v r a t d - a r e n o ti m m e d i a t e ly h e lp f ul . A r c a d i a n ~ p ~ r C y p r . ~ p ~ o , A r g iv e ~ F p ~ w ,A eo l . ~p4~-~co sh ow th at th e ba se w as Fo ~- < * w r Y - = * w r e E - , w i t hn o n - a - c o l o u r i n g l a ry n g e a l . E l e a n yp & rp ~ i s o f c o u r s e F p a - < * w ! : - -----* w r X - . T h u s , w e a r e f r e e t o p o s i t * w r ey w - ~ * w e r ? w -. T h e l a t t e r a l l o -m o r p h w o u l d f u r n i s h u l t i m a t e r e fl ex e s o f a p p a r e n t * w e r w - , o r *ueru- .V i e w e d i n t h i s l i g h t , vdrun,a - b e c o m e s a s i m p l e - n o - s u f f i x o f a f a m i l i a rv e r b b a s e t r a d i t i o n a l l y w r i t t e n *uer (a ) - .

    I n a p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a f t e r h a v i n g r e a d a d r a f t o f t h is n o t e ,T h i e m e c a l l s m y a t t e n t i o n t o t h e f a c t t h a t i n h i s U n t e r s u c h u n g e n z u rW o r t k u n d e u n d A u s le g u n g d e s R i g v ed a (H a l l e 1 94 9) , p p . 1 3 -2 5 , h e h a sf ix e d t h e m e a n i n g o f v a y ~ n a - a s " e n v e l o p m e n t , e n c l o s u r e " a n d t h a t t h ish a s b e e n a c c e p t e d b y R e n o u i n his r ev i e w o f t h a t w o r k . T h u s , T h i e m ep o i n t s o u t , v i / vy~ c o u l d b e r e l a t e d t o v a y ~ - n a - as G re ek 5p'~ - i s tovdru.na-. A c c o r d i n g t o t h i s a t t r a c t i v e s u g g e s t i o n , t h e n , w e w o u l d h a v e*wye~W- ~ *wey~,w. .

    I t s e e m s t h a t a p p a r e n t u - r ef le x es o f , y w w e r e p a r t ic u l a r l y c o m m o na f t e r * r ; w e s e e m t o b e i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n e a r l y L a u t g e s e t z , t h e p r e c i sec o n d i t i o n s f o r w h i c h w e c a n s e e n o w o n l y a t s o m e r e m o v e .C h i c a g o E r i c P . H a m p

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    v i t a r a t i s e r e n c o n t r e d a r t s u n p a s s a g e d u D h y ~ y i t a m u . s . t i s f i t r a q u i e s t c i t 6d e u x l o i s d a n s l a P r a s a n n a p a d ~ t ( 6 d . L . d e L a V a U 6 e P o u s s i n , B i b l . B , I V ,S t . -P 6 t e r s b o u rg , 1 9 0 3 -1 9 1 3 ) : p . 2 9 7 , 1. 2 s a e b h y o d h a r m e b h y a d ti r y a te

    j e h r ~ y a t e v i t a r a t i v i j u g u p s a t e (p. 516, 1. 21 s a s a r v a d h a r m e b h y a . . . ) . L at r a d u c t i o n t i b 6 t a in e , q u i m a n q u e l a p r e m i 6 r e fo i s , c o n f i r m e l a le c t u r ee b h y o d h a r m e b h y a : c ' o s ' d i d o g g i s ~ e n p a r ' g y u r / c ' e s h o t s ' a b a r " y u r /m i d g a ' b a r ' g y u r / s m o d p a r 'g y u r . E l l e r e n d v i tara t i p a r " n e p a s ser 6 j o u i r " . L ' a r t i c l e d e M . E d g e r t o n s u r a r ( t ) t i y a t i d a n s s o n B u d d h i s tH y b r i d S a n s k r i t D i c t io n a r y ( p . 6 6) p e r m e t d e d 6 c o u v r i r u n a u t r e e x e m p l ed e l ' e m p l o i d e v i t a r a t i e n c o m b i n a i s o n a v e c l e s m ~ m e s t r o i s v e r b e s .D a n s l e M a h ~ k a r m a v i b h a f i g a (6 d . S y l v a i n L 6 v i , P a r i s , 1 93 2) , p . 47 , 1. 2 6 ,o n l i t: d s t i r y a t i j i h r e t i v i g a r h a t i v i j u g u p s a t i m a i s , s e l o n l ' a p p a r a t c r i t i q u e ,