varying views on challenges faced by the great...
TRANSCRIPT
01/11/2018
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The African American Experience and the Harlem Renaissance
Booker T. Washington
• Born into slavery
• Self taught (reading and writing)
• Attended Hampton Agricultural Institute• Very intelligent
• Became a teacher
• Opened the Tuskegee Institute• Mechanical and agricultural skills
• Most famous African American of his generation• Support from Carnegie, T. Roosevelt, Taft
Varying Views on Challenges Faced by African Americans
Booker T. Washington
• Focus on vocational skills not immediate social equality
• Overcome racism by showing that African Americans were– Honest
– Skilled
– Industrious
• “Atlanta Compromise”
– Blacks would peacefully submit to segregation if given free vocational training and basic legal rights
W.E.B. DuBois
• Must fight for full social equality
– No resting period, even temporarily
• Believed most intelligent and capable blacks (“Talented Tenth”) should be professionally educated to show ability to lead civil rights movement
• “Niagara Movement”
– Condemned Atlanta Compromise
– Called for equal economic opportunities and right to vote
• Helped found NAACP in NYC
The Great Migration
Causes?• Wartime shortage of
workers• Relatives in the north• Advertisements in
African American newspapers
• Escape segregation and racism in South
US Steel• Hired African American
strike breakersHenry Ford• Hired to work in auto
plants in Detroit
Continuing Racism and Violence• More freedom in North, BUT still obstacles
• Limited neighborhoods
– Landlords refused to rent or sell
• Racial hatred, discrimination, violence
– Teenager on Lake Michigan in Chicago
– Killed, drifted close to “white” beach
– No arrests = fighting then riots
The Harlem Renaissance
• 15 million African Americans living in the US
• Greatest concentration in Harlem, NYC
• newspapers and magazines in black communities
• Reported news events
• Rallied supporters
• Published the work of African American authors and poets
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The Writers of the Harlem Renaissance
Claude McKay
Langston Hughes
Zora Neal
Hurston
Jazz Musicians
Duke Ellington
Billie Holiday
Louis Armstrong
Ella Fitzgerald
Marcus Garvey • Immigrant from Jamaica, moved to Harlem in 1916
• Established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
• Believed
– All people of African heritage should take pride in race
• Opposed cooperation with whites
– Opened many business
– “Back to Africa” movement
• Shipping bus. Failed went to jail deported 1927