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01/11/2018 1 The African American Experience and the Harlem Renaissance Booker T. Washington Born into slavery Self taught (reading and writing) Attended Hampton Agricultural Institute Very intelligent Became a teacher Opened the Tuskegee Institute Mechanical and agricultural skills Most famous African American of his generation Support from Carnegie, T. Roosevelt, Taft Varying Views on Challenges Faced by African Americans Booker T. Washington Focus on vocational skills not immediate social equality Overcome racism by showing that African Americans were Honest Skilled Industrious “Atlanta Compromise” Blacks would peacefully submit to segregation if given free vocational training and basic legal rights W.E.B. DuBois Must fight for full social equality No resting period, even temporarily Believed most intelligent and capable blacks (“Talented Tenth”) should be professionally educated to show ability to lead civil rights movement “Niagara Movement” Condemned Atlanta Compromise Called for equal economic opportunities and right to vote Helped found NAACP in NYC The Great Migration Causes? Wartime shortage of workers Relatives in the north Advertisements in African American newspapers Escape segregation and racism in South US Steel Hired African American strike breakers Henry Ford Hired to work in auto plants in Detroit Continuing Racism and Violence More freedom in North, BUT still obstacles Limited neighborhoods Landlords refused to rent or sell Racial hatred, discrimination, violence Teenager on Lake Michigan in Chicago Killed, drifted close to “white” beach No arrests = fighting then riots The Harlem Renaissance 15 million African Americans living in the US Greatest concentration in Harlem, NYC newspapers and magazines in black communities Reported news events Rallied supporters Published the work of African American authors and poets

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Page 1: Varying Views on Challenges Faced by The Great …solomonr1.weebly.com/.../harlem_renaissance_ppt_notes.pdfAfrican American authors and poets 01/11/2018 2 The Writers of the Harlem

01/11/2018

1

The African American Experience and the Harlem Renaissance

Booker T. Washington

• Born into slavery

• Self taught (reading and writing)

• Attended Hampton Agricultural Institute• Very intelligent

• Became a teacher

• Opened the Tuskegee Institute• Mechanical and agricultural skills

• Most famous African American of his generation• Support from Carnegie, T. Roosevelt, Taft

Varying Views on Challenges Faced by African Americans

Booker T. Washington

• Focus on vocational skills not immediate social equality

• Overcome racism by showing that African Americans were– Honest

– Skilled

– Industrious

• “Atlanta Compromise”

– Blacks would peacefully submit to segregation if given free vocational training and basic legal rights

W.E.B. DuBois

• Must fight for full social         equality

– No resting period,                        even temporarily

• Believed most intelligent and capable blacks (“Talented Tenth”) should be professionally educated to show ability to lead civil rights movement

• “Niagara Movement”

– Condemned Atlanta Compromise

– Called for equal economic opportunities and right to vote

• Helped found NAACP in NYC

The Great Migration

Causes?• Wartime shortage of 

workers• Relatives in the north• Advertisements in 

African American newspapers

• Escape segregation and racism in South

US Steel• Hired African American 

strike breakersHenry Ford• Hired to work in auto 

plants in Detroit

Continuing Racism and Violence• More freedom in North, BUT still obstacles

• Limited neighborhoods

– Landlords refused to rent or sell

• Racial hatred, discrimination, violence

– Teenager on Lake Michigan in Chicago

– Killed, drifted close to “white” beach

– No arrests = fighting then riots

The Harlem Renaissance

• 15 million African Americans living in the US

• Greatest concentration in Harlem, NYC

• newspapers and magazines in black communities

• Reported news events

• Rallied supporters

• Published the work of African American authors and poets

Page 2: Varying Views on Challenges Faced by The Great …solomonr1.weebly.com/.../harlem_renaissance_ppt_notes.pdfAfrican American authors and poets 01/11/2018 2 The Writers of the Harlem

01/11/2018

2

The Writers of the Harlem Renaissance

Claude McKay

Langston Hughes

Zora Neal

Hurston

Jazz Musicians

Duke Ellington

Billie Holiday

Louis Armstrong

Ella Fitzgerald

Marcus Garvey • Immigrant from Jamaica, moved to Harlem in 1916

• Established the Universal Negro Improvement Association

• Believed

– All people of African heritage should take pride in race

• Opposed cooperation with whites

– Opened many business

– “Back to Africa” movement

• Shipping bus. Failed  went to jail  deported 1927