Vascular Disorders

Monique Killins

Roll # 1043

Windsor University School of Medicine

Introduction

• Vascular Disorders occur because of inflamed blood vessels

• Inflammation: neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes

Symptoms

• Fever

• Fatigue

• Night sweats

• Muscle and joint pain

• Loss of appetite

• Weight loss

Signs

• Blood Test: high WBCs, high platelets, low red blood cells, high ESR

• Urine Test : red blood cells, protein (assess kidney function)

• Biopsy displaying signs of inflammation

Causes

• Idiopathic

• Infection: Hepatitis B, C

• Drugs: birth control pills, erythromycin

• Toxins

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

• Asthma

• Allergic problems

• Chronic nasal inflammation

• Inflammation damaging skin, nerves, lungs and kidney

• SYMPTOMS

• COUGH

• FACIAL PAIN

• RASHES

• SHORTNESS OF BREATH

Giant Cell Arteritis

• large and medium blood vessels

• head, neck, upper body and eye vessels affected

• SYMPTOMS

• SCALP PAIN

• JAW PAIN

• BLURRED VISION

Wegener Granulomatosis

• small and medium sized blood vessels

• inflammation of upper airway, lungs and kidney

• SYMPTOMS

• CHRONIC SINUSITIS

• NOSEBLEEDS

• CHEST PAIN

• COUGH

Management

• Treat primary problem

• Corticosteroids:prednisone

• Immunosuppressants :cyclophosphamide, rituximab, methotrexate

Complications

• Hemorrhage

• Kidney Failure

• Treatment Complications: decreased bone density, high blood pressure, cataracts, weight gain, diabetes; immunosuppressant related infection

Case Study• A 26-years-old man was referred with

decreased visual acuity for one week in the left eye. Headache was a accompanying complaint and he was overwhelmed by oral ulcers. On ophthalmologic examination, he had a visual acuity of 16/20 on both eyes. Color vision tested with Ishihara plates was 12/12. The anterior segment was normal and intraocular pressure measured with applanation tonometer revealed 12 mmHg on the right eye and 11 mmHg on the left eye.

References• http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/

bone_joint_and_muscle_disorders/vasculitic_disorders/overview_of_vasculitis.html

• http://www.casesjournal.com/content/2/1/7528

• http://courses.washington.edu/conj/inflammation/chronicinflam.htm

• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000226.htm

• Windsor University Pathology I Lecture

• Google Images