vch cumbria meeting for volunteers, 14 feb 2013 getting to grips with landownership
TRANSCRIPT
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VCH Cumbria Meeting for volunteers, 14 Feb 2013
Getting to grips with Landownership
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Overlordship
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Landownership within baronies
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Inquisitions post mortem [IPMs]: Robert Clifford, 1314
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IPM Robert Clifford (2)
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IPM Margaret Dacre, 1362
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IPM Peter Tillioll, 1246Manor of Scaleby
Demesne (233 acres arable land; 20 acres meadow; mill; capital messuage; pasture with vaccary)
Bondagium (31 bovates of land, held by 20 bondi)
Cottagers (6 cottagers holding 6 cottages & 14 acres land)
Free tenants (including: Udard de Etardebi holds Etardeby by service of 16s annually)
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Structure of a Manor
Demesnes (often leased from 14th cent)
Tenant landFreeholdCustomary (enfranchised 17th cent to 1925)
Leasehold
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Cumberland: demesnes
1688 1816
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‘Customary tenantright’
‘at the will of the lord subject to the customs of the manor’‘ancient yearly rent’tantamount to freeholdorigins: probably originated in life leases
granted for the life of lord or tenantfine (or ‘gressum’) - not only on change
of tenant but also on a change of lordlords exploit fines to raise income
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Landed estates, 17th-20th cents
ProcessesDemesnes/leasehold – limited base in
CumbriaPurchase of freehold/customary landImpact of Parliamentary enclosure of
commons
Motives:High farmingAfforestation (private; Forestry Commission)Institutional control (Manchester Corp.;
National Trust; Ministry of Defence)
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1910 Valuation Office Records – ‘Lloyd George Domesday’
Provide a snapshot of landownership in early 20th century.Landholdings marked on Ordnance Survey
1:2500 plans, working copies of which are in Cumbria Archive Centres
Key to landholding unit: ‘Domesday Books’ – again held by CAS
Detailed ‘field books’, with very full details of each property in The National Archives, Kew, IR58.