vegetable acid poisons
DESCRIPTION
Vegetable Acid PoisonsTRANSCRIPT
-
VEGETABLE ACID POISONSHYDROCYANIC ACID(CYANOGEN OR PRUSSIC ACID)
-
CHARACTERISTICSGas: colourlessSmell bitter almondsLiquid acid highly volatile -- colourless -- transparentCombines with bases of metals, alkalis CYANIDES (salts) white powder
-
USES OF CYANIDESPhotography ElectroplatingMetallurgyTanningFumigation of shipsAgriculture
-
FOUND NATURALLYPeach PlumAppleBitter almonds Leaves of cherryExists as Glucoside amygladin harmless.Enzyme emulsion hydrolyses it hydrocyanic acid
-
Cyanides + Acids hydrocyanic acidToxic --- inhaledCyanides rapidity of action depends on HCL in stomach.
-
MODE OF ACTIONProtoplasmic poisoning Inhibits cytochrome oxidase system for oxygen utilization. Other enzyme system also inhibited.Cyanides --- corrosive effect on mucus membrane.Prevent formation of ATP.Death cytotoxic or histotoxic anoxia (blood may contain normal oxygen content)
-
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSMOST RAPID OF ALL POISONS
Inhalation of gas : Instantaneous deathLarge dose swallowed Symptoms occur at once.Some times interval of one minute which allows victim to perform voluntary acts.Death delayed (few minutes).Agonizing dyspnoeaConvulsions Dilated pupils
-
SMALL DOSE SWALLOWED Head ache ConfusionGiddinessNauseaLoss of muscular power.
-
Smell of bitter almonds (mouth).Violent convulsions.Loss of consciousness.Fine froth (mouth)Death
-
INGESTION OF SALTS(POTASSIUM CYANIDE)Symptoms appear after 10 20 minutesActed upon by HCL to liberate hydrocyanic acidSYMPTOMS:GiddinessDyspnoeaDilated and fixed pupilsConvulsive seizures Loss of muscle power
-
Epigastric painVomiting Cyanosis of faceJaw clenchedFroth mouthRespiration spasmodicPulse imperceptible Death (respiratory paralysis)
-
CHRONIC POISONINGREPEATED EXPOSURE TO NON LETHAL DOSES SEEN IN:-PhotographersGildersSYMPTOMS:HeadacheVomitingDiarrhoeaMental disturbancesChronic cachexia
-
FATAL DOSE:Pure acid: 50 60 mgPharmacopoeial Preparation:30 dropsCrude oilBitter almonds : 60 dropsPotassium cyanide : 200 mg
-
FATAL PERIODDeath: immediate: Hydrocyanic acid:2 10 minutes.Sodium or potassium cyanide: 30 minutes.
-
TREATMENTImmediate treatment may be of value AIM:Reverse cyanide cyrochrome combinationHaemoglobin methaemoglobin + cyanide cyanmethaemoglobin (Non-toxic).
-
If Pt survives for 4 hrs ---- recoverTwo 20 ml ampoules of 1.5 % dicobalt tetracemate IV.20 ml of 50% glucose.50 ml of 1% solution of methylene blue(methyl thioneine chloride) IV.
ANTIDOTE converts haemogloben to methaemogloben.
-
POTASSIUM CYANIDE OR DILUTE HYOROCYANIC ACID POISONINGGastric lavage with 10 to 50% Nathiosulphate or Mixture of sulphates of iron
Followed by:Solution of Potassium Carbonate to formPrussion blue (inert)Emetics (stomach tube not available)
-
Inhalation of hydrocyanic acid gas (cyanogas)Remove the patient to fresh airArtificial respiration100% O2Sodium nitrite
Sodium thiosulphateI.V
-
Postmortem appearanceAsphyxia
EXTERNAL:Smell bitter almondsFace, lips, body surface irregular pink patches.Skin --- livid or cyanosed.Nails blueEyes glistening, dilated pupils.Cherry red postmortem staining.Rigor-Mortis early (convulsive seizures)
-
INTERENAL P.M APPEARANCESmell of bitter almonds :StomachSerous cavities.BrainStomach, mucous membrane pinkOther organs : pink (cynmethaemoglobin)Trachea or bronchi blood stained froth.Brain or meninges hyperaemic.
-
Potassium cyanide poisoningCorrosion MouthReddening of gastric mucous membraneFrank or altered blood in stomach from erosions.
-
ORGANS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSISBrainLungsStomach contents Urine Vomitus
-
PRECAUTIONS FOR DISSECTORRubber glovesMaskPrevent inhalation of cyanides from stomach contents.
-
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTSSuicidal agents: Hydrocyanic acidCyanides (commonly used)Accidental:FumigationDisinfectionHomicidal (Rare)Smell and taste
-
Cattle PoisonDouble cyanidesPotassium ferrocyanidePotassium ferricyanide Taken with acid
PoisonousNon Toxic
-
Judicial ExecutionStrapped to a chairCyanide Eggs strong acid cyano gasInhalation immediate death