AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING SYSTEM

COURSE CONTENTS

Chassis and Body Classification of Vehicle, Layout, Construction &

Details, Chassis & Body material, Integrated construction, BIW, Interior System, Console design, Pillar trims, Head roof

Transmission & Driveline

Front Axle & Steering

Breaking and suspension

Electrical System

CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES&VEHICLE BODIES (COMMERCIAL VEHICLE)

CMVR – VEHICLE TYPES :

Also Classified as:

2Wheeler,

3Weeler, and

4Wheeler

CMVR: Central Motor Vehicle Rules applicable in India

ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE (ECE )

Road Vehicle Types: Power Driven

Vehicle Motor Vehicle Trailer Vehicle Vehicle

Combinations

ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE (ECE )

Some Ex: Convertible Pullman Coupe Articulated Bus

ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE (ECE )

ECE – R.E. 3Classification of

Vehicle: Category L Category M Category N Category O Category G

USA CLASSIFICATION

SUMMARIZED COMPARISON:

SUMMARIZED COMPARISON:

POPULAR TRUCKS CLASSIFICATIONS IN INDIA

FFC: Full Forward Control LPT: Load Passenger cum Transport

SFC: Semi Forward Control

CLASSIFICATION OF PASSENGER VEHICLE: Cars may be classified by a number of different

criteria; because a vehicle may fit into multiple categories, or not completely satisfy the requirements for any.

Commonly used systems of classification. Where applicable is a equivalent Euro NCAP classifications.

Car rental companies often use the ACRISS Car Classification Code.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), based on interior passenger and cargo volumes.

A similar set of classes is used by the Canadian EPA. Australia, the Federal Chamber of Automotive

Industries publishes its own classifications.

ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: First letter:

Category

Code Category M Mini N Mini Elite E Economy H Economy Elite C Compact D Compact Elite I Intermediate J Intermediate Elite S Standard R Standard Elite F Fullsize G Fullsize Elite P Premium U Premium Elite L Luxury W Luxury Elite O Oversize X Special

ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: Second letter:

Type

Code Type B 2-3 Door C 2/4 Door D 4-5 Door W Wagon/Estate

V Passenger van L Limousine

S Sport T Convertible

F SUV

J Open-air All Terrain X Special P Pickup (regular cab) Q Pickup (extended cab) Z Special offer Car E Coupe

M Monospace R Recreational vehicle

H Motorhome

Y 2-wheel vehicle N Roadster

G Crossover

K Commercial van/truck

ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: Third letter:

Transmission/ Drive

Code Transmission Drive M Manual Unspecified N Manual 4-wheel C Manual All-wheel A Automatic Unspecified B Automatic 4-wheel D Automatic All-wheel

ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: Third letter:

Fuel /Air Conditioning

Example: IDAR - Intermediate, 4-doors,

automatic gearbox and air-conditioning (e.g. Vauxhall Insignia or Renault Megane Scénic)

ECMN - Economy, 2/4 doors, manual gearbox, no air-conditioning (e.g. Ford Fiesta or Opel Corsa

Code Fuel Air Cond. R Unspecified Yes N Unspecified No D Diesel Yes Q Diesel No H Hybrid Yes I Hybrid No E Electric Yes C Electric No L LPG Yes S LPG No A Hydrogen Yes B Hydrogen No M Multifuel Yes F Multifuel No V Petrol Yes Z Petrol No U Ethanol Yes X Ethanol No

A- SEGMENT MINI CARSB- SEGMENT SMALL CARSC- SEGMENT MEDIUM CARSD- SEGMENT LARGE CARSE- SEGMENT EXECUTIVE CARSF- SEGMENT LUXURY CARSS- SEGMENT SPORT COUPESM- SEGMENT MULTI PURPOSE CARSJ- SEGMENT SPORT UTILITY CARS (INCLUDING OFF-ROAD VEHICLES)

EURO CAR SEGMENT CLASSIFICATIONS:

MICROCAR HATCHBACKS, SALOONS (SEDANS) AND ESTATE CARS (STATION WAGONS)

CITY CAR SUPERMINI/SUBCOMPACT CAR SMALL FAMILY CAR/COMPACT CAR LARGE FAMILY CAR/MID-SIZE CAR FULL-SIZE CAR/LARGE CAR COMPACT EXECUTIVE CAR/ENTRY-LEVEL LUXURY CAR EXECUTIVE CAR/MID-LUXURY CAR FULL-SIZE LUXURY CAR/GRAND SALOON

SPORTS CARS AND GRAND TOURERS HOT HATCH / SPORT COMPACT SPORTS SALOON / SPORTS SEDAN / LUXURY SPORTS SPORTS CAR GRAND TOURER SUPERCAR MUSCLE CAR PONY CAR

CONVERTIBLE OFF-ROADERS

SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE CROSSOVER SUV

MULTI-PURPOSE VEHICLES / MINIVANS VAN, CAMPER, RV, MINIBUS ETC.

EURO NCAP CLASSIFICATIONS:

EURO NCAP EXAMPLES:

SUMMERY OF CLASSIFICATION : Car classification

American English

British English

Euro Car Segment[1] Euro NCAP

1997 - 2009 Euro

NCAP[2]

Examples

Microcar Microcar, Bubble car

A-segment mini cars Supermini Passenger car

Isetta, Smart Fortwo

Subcompact car

City car Fiat 500, Daewoo Matiz, Peugeot 107, Toyota iQ

Supermini B-segment small cars Ford Fiesta, Volkswagen Polo, Opel Corsa, Peugeot 207

Compact car Small family car

C-segment medium cars Small family car

Ford Focus, Opel Astra, Toyota Auris, Volkswagen Golf

Mid-size car Large family car

D-segment large cars Large family car

Ford Mondeo, Honda Accord, Opel Insignia, Volkswagen Passat

Entry-level luxury car

Compact executive car

Alfa Romeo 159, BMW 3 Series, Lexus IS, Volvo S60, Audi A4

Full-size car Executive car

E-segment executive cars Executive car

Ford Crown Victoria, Holden Commodore, Toyota Crown, Chrysler 300C

Mid-size luxury car

Lexus GS, BMW 5 Series, Jaguar XF, Audi A6, Volvo S80

Full-size luxury car

Luxury car F-segment luxury cars - Audi A8, Jaguar XJ, Maserati Quattroporte, Mercedes S-Class

SUMMERY OF CLASSIFICATION : Car classification

American English

British English

Euro Car Segment[1] Euro

NCAP 1997 - 2009

Euro NCAP[2]

Examples

Sports car Sports car S-segment sport coupes - Chevrolet Corvette, Porsche 911, Ferrari 458 Italia, Nissan Z-car

Grand tourer

Grand tourer

- Jaguar XK, Ferrari 612 Scaglietti, Maserati GranTurismo

Supercar Supercar - Bugatti Veyron, Ferrari Enzo, Pagani Zonda

Convertible Convertible - BMW 6 Series, Mercedes CLK, Volvo C70, Volkswagen Eos

Roadster Roadster Roadster sports

Roadster Audi TT, Honda S2000, Lotus Elise, Mazda MX-5, Porsche Boxster

- Leisure activity vehicle

M-segment multi purpose cars Small MPV

MPV Ford Tourneo Connect, Peugeot Partner, Škoda Roomster

- Mini MPV Opel Meriva, Fiat Idea, Citroen C3 Picasso

Compact minivan

Compact MPV, Midi MPV

Mazda5, Opel Zafira, Ford C-Max, Volkswagen Touran, Peugeot 5008

Minivan Large Large Chrysler

SUMMERY OF CLASSIFICATION :

Mini SUV Mini 4x4 J-segment sport utility cars (including off-road vehicles)

Small Off-Road 4x4

Off-roader

Daihatsu Terios, Mitsubishi Pajero iO, Suzuki Jimny

Compact SUV

Compact 4x4

BMW X3, Ford Escape, Honda CR-V, Toyota RAV4, Chevy Equinox

- Coupé SUV

- Isuzu VehiCROSS, SsangYong Actyon, BMW X6

Mid-size SUV

Large 4x4 Large Off-Road 4x4

Ford Explorer, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Volkswagen Touareg

Full-size SUV

Cadillac Escalade, Chevrolet Suburban, Range Rover, Toyota Land Cruiser

Mini pickup truck

Pick-up - Pick-up Pickup Chevrolet Montana, Fiat Strada, Volkswagen Saveiro

Mid-size pickup truck

Chevrolet Colorado, Ford Ranger, Mitsubishi Triton/L200, Nissan Navara

Full-size pickup truck

Dodge Ram, Ford F-150, GMC Sierra, Nissan Titan, Toyota Hilux

CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN PASSENGER VEHICLE:

The classification of segments are done as per length of the vehicle, (Passenger car segment)

A1 - Mini - Upto 3400mm (M800, Nano)

A2 - Compact - 3401 to 4000mm (Alto, wagon r, Zen,i10,A-star,Swift,i20,palio,indica etc)

A3 - Midsize - 4001 to 4500mm (City,Sx4,Dzire,Logan,Accent,Fiesta,Verna etc)

A4 - Executive - 4501 to 4700mm (Corolla,civic,C class,Optra,Octavia, etc)

A5 - Premiun - 4701 to 5000mm (Camry,E class,Accord,Sonata,Laura,Superb,etc)

A6 - Luxury - Above 5000mm (S class,5 series etc)

B1 - Van - Omni, Versa, Magic etc

B2 - MUV/MPV - Innova, Tavera, Sumo etc

SUV - CRV, Vitara etc

A segment, B segment etc were used earlier, though new terms came, still old one is used most popularly.

But now the segmentation in India is done on the basis of length.

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE

Light utility vans

Truck van Road train Large-capacity

road train Semitrailer Bus

VEHICLE BODIES: COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

They are used for Safe and Efficient transport of person and freight.

Economic efficiency is determined by Ration of Usable space to Overall vehicle volume, and

Payload to Gross Vehicle Weight. From a Design point of view a distinction is

made between Cab-over-engine (COE) and Cab-behind-engine (CBE) vehicles.

Due to wide Diversity, Calculating dimensions of body structure (unitized body, cab, chassis etc) takes a major role in Design.

OVERVIEW OF LIGHT UTILITY VANS

Panel van

Platform van

Double-cab

low-bed truck

Chassis

OVERVIEW OF LIGHT UTILITY VANS They are Light Duty Vans (2 to 7 Tons) used in

Transportation of persons and local freight. Light utility vans with more powerful engines

are also increasing in long-distance transport. In both the case Stringent demands are made

on vehicles in term of Agility, Performance, user-friendliness, and safety.

Design Concept based on Front mounted engine, Front or Rear-wheel drive, Independent suspension, Rigid axle, and with Gross weight 3.5T and higher Twin tyres on the rear axle.

MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS AND TRACTOR VEHICLE

MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS AND TRACTOR VEHICLE

These vehicles have either load-bearing chassis or partially load bearing body.

Engine is at the Front, seldom fitted as an underfloor engine between the axles.

Vehicle is driven by Twin tire axle(s), rarly rear axle is fitted with Single Tire.

Type of truck undercarriage:N = Z / L Where, N is Nos. of wheels

Z is Nos. of Driven wheeland L is Nos. of Steered

wheels(Twin wheels count One wheel)

MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS AND TRACTOR VEHICLE

Normal chassis have leaf- and air-sprung rigid front and rear axles.

Pneumatic suspension reduces body acceleration forces.

Three axle vehicle are fitted with either a leading or trailing axle to increase Payload Capacity.

BUSES:

Bus market offers a specific vehicle for practically every application, results in wide range of Bus types, which differ in their overall dimensions and Application.

Microbuses: Carry up-to 19 Passengers, Developed from Light-duty trucks or vans weighing approx. 4.5 t.

Minibuses: Carry approx 25 passengers. Developed from light-duty trucks or vans weighing up-to approx. 4.5 t. Occasionally built on Ladder-type chassis. Modified Suspensions & Body provides Optimum Comfort.

BUSES: Midibuses: Carry up-to approx. 35 Passengers (Tour

type) and up-to 65 passengers (City type). Weighing up-to 12.5 t. Built on ladder-type Chassis, also Integral-frame designs in operations. Modified Suspensions & Body provides Optimum Comfort.

Citybuses: Eqipped with Seating and Standing room. Short intervals between stops in suburban transport requires rapid passenger turn-over, achieved with Wide doors, Low boarding and Floor Heights.

Specifications: Veh Length 12 mtrGVW 18.0tNos of Seats 32 to 44 (Total up-

to 105Three Axle 15 mtr. Long Increased capacity up-to 135 Tour Bus: Low, Two-axle stand. Bus Provide

Comfortable Travel through Double Decker

THANK YOU!