ventricular system lecture

8/14/2019 Ventricular System Lecture

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VENTRICULARVENTRICULAR

SYSTEMSYSTEMBy

Dr. Bernadett Pua Velasco


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Name the ventricles of theName the ventricles of the

brain (4)brain (4)


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Ventricles of the brainVentricles of the brain

Lateral ventriclesLateral ventricles

Third ventricleThird ventricle

Fourth ventricleFourth ventricle


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VentricleVentricle

Derived from the cavity of theDerived from the cavity of the

neural tubeneural tube

Lined by ependymaLined by ependyma

Filled with CSFFilled with CSF


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EpendymaEpendyma

Single layer of cuboidal/columnarSingle layer of cuboidal/columnar

cell that has microvilli and ciliacell that has microvilli and cilia


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Name the three groups ofName the three groups of

ependymal cells. Give theependymal cells. Give theimportance of eachimportance of each


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EpendymaEpendyma

Single layer of cuboidal/columnarSingle layer of cuboidal/columnar

cell that has microvilli and ciliacell that has microvilli and cilia

3 groups:3 groups: EpendymocytesEpendymocytes

TanycytesTanycytes

Choroidal epithelial cellsChoroidal epithelial cells


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Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid

Clear, colorless fluidClear, colorless fluid

Found in the ventricles and in theFound in the ventricles and in the

subarachnoid space around thesubarachnoid space around the

brain and spinal cordbrain and spinal cord


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Volume: 130mlVolume: 130ml

Rate of production: 0.5ml/minRate of production: 0.5ml/min

Composition:Composition:

15-45mg/100ml= CHON15-45mg/100ml= CHON

50-85mg/100ml= glucose50-85mg/100ml= glucose

# of cells: 0-3 lymphocytes/mm# of cells: 0-3 lymphocytes/mm33


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What is the Normal CSFWhat is the Normal CSF

PressurePressure


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Pressure: 60-150 mmHPressure: 60-150 mmH22OO


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Give some instances whenGive some instances when

CSF pressure is increasedCSF pressure is increased


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Increased by:Increased by: CoughingCoughing

StrainingStraining

Compressing IJVCompressing IJV

Space occupying lesionsSpace occupying lesions inflammationinflammation


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Give some of the functionsGive some of the functions

of CSFof CSF


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Functions:Functions:

Bathes the surfaces of the brain andBathes the surfaces of the brain and

SCSC Serves as a cushionServes as a cushion

assist in the regulation of contentsassist in the regulation of contents

of the skullof the skull Provides nourishment in the CNSProvides nourishment in the CNS

Removal of neural metabolismRemoval of neural metabolism

productsproducts

Endocrine influencesEndocrine influences


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What structure forms CSFWhat structure forms CSF


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Formed by choroid plexuses ofFormed by choroid plexuses of

the lateral, third and fourththe lateral, third and fourth

ventriclesventricles


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Choroid plexusesChoroid plexuses

Core of folded connective tissuesCore of folded connective tissues

that are covered with cuboidalthat are covered with cuboidal

epithelium of the ependymaepithelium of the ependyma Free surfaces are covered withFree surfaces are covered with

microvillimicrovilli


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CirculationCirculation





Subarachnoid spaceSubarachnoid space


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What structure absorbsWhat structure absorbs

CSF in the brainCSF in the brain


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AbsorptionAbsorption

Arachnoid villiArachnoid villi

Diverticulum of the subarachnoid spaceDiverticulum of the subarachnoid spacethat pierces the dura materthat pierces the dura mater

Venous sinusesVenous sinuses


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Enumerate the flow of CSFEnumerate the flow of CSF

from choroid plexuses tofrom choroid plexuses to

arachnoid villiarachnoid villi


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CirculationCirculation





Subarachnoid spaceSubarachnoid space


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Name the divisions ofName the divisions of

lateral ventricle (4)lateral ventricle (4)


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Lateral VentriclesLateral Ventricles

C shaped cavityC shaped cavity

Divided intoDivided into

Body (parietal lobe)Body (parietal lobe)

Anterior horn (frontal lobe)Anterior horn (frontal lobe)

Posterior horn (occipital lobe)Posterior horn (occipital lobe)

Inferior horn (temporal lobe)Inferior horn (temporal lobe)


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Name the communicationName the communication

between lateral ventriclebetween lateral ventricle

and third ventricleand third ventricle


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Lateral VentriclesLateral Ventricles

Communicates with the thirdCommunicates with the third

ventricle through theventricle through the

interventricular foramen (forameninterventricular foramen (foramenof Monroe)of Monroe)


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QUESTIONQUESTION


between third ventriclebetween third ventricle

and fourth ventricleand fourth ventricle


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Third VentricleThird Ventricle

Slit like cleft between the 2Slit like cleft between the 2

thalamithalami

Communicates with the fourthCommunicates with the fourthventricle through the cerebralventricle through the cerebral

aqueduct (sylvius)aqueduct (sylvius)


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Fourth VentricleFourth Ventricle

Tent shaped cavityTent shaped cavity

Anterior to the cerebellumAnterior to the cerebellum

Posterior to the pons and superiorPosterior to the pons and superior

half of the medulla oblangatahalf of the medulla oblangata


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QUESTIONQUESTION


between fourth ventriclebetween fourth ventricle

and subarachnoid spaceand subarachnoid space

(3)(3)


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Fourth VentricleFourth Ventricle

Communicates with theCommunicates with the

subarachnoid space throughsubarachnoid space through

Median: foramen of MagendieMedian: foramen of Magendie Lateral: foramina of LuschkaLateral: foramina of Luschka


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What are the 3 layers ofWhat are the 3 layers of

meninges (outer to innermeninges (outer to inner

layer)layer)


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MeningesMeninges

Pia materPia mater

Arachnoid materArachnoid mater

Dura materDura mater


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QUESTIONQUESTION

Enumerate the flow of CSFEnumerate the flow of CSF

from choroid plexuses tofrom choroid plexuses to

arachnoid villiagainarachnoid villiagain


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What is the normal CSFWhat is the normal CSF

pressurepressure


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Increased by:Increased by: CoughingCoughing StrainingStraining

Compressing IJVCompressing IJV


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What is hydrocephalusWhat is hydrocephalus


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HydrocephalusHydrocephalus

Abnormal increase in the volumeAbnormal increase in the volume

of CSF within the skullof CSF within the skull


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What are the causes ofWhat are the causes of

hydrocephalushydrocephalus


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Abnormal increase in the volumeAbnormal increase in the volume

of CSF within the skullof CSF within the skull

CausesCauses Excessive formation of CSFExcessive formation of CSF

Blockage in the circulationBlockage in the circulation

Diminished absorption of CSFDiminished absorption of CSF


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QUESTIONQUESTION

What are the two types ofWhat are the two types of

hydrocephalus.hydrocephalus.

DifferentiateDifferentiate


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CommunicatingCommunicating

Non-communicatingNon-communicating


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Thank you for listeningThank you for listening

ventricular system lecture

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