venus
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Venus. Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 11. Venus -- The Goddess of Beauty. Venus is one of the brightest planets in the sky. Venus from Earth. Venus is only seen near the Sun Venus shows phases Venus is covered with clouds. Venus Facts. Size : 95% Earth Orbit : 0.7 AU - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Venus
Astronomy 311Professor Lee
CarknerLecture 11
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Venus -- The Goddess of Beauty
Venus is one of the brightest planets in the sky
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Venus from Earth
Venus is only seen near the Sun
Venus shows phases Venus is covered with clouds
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Venus Facts
Size: 95% Earth
Orbit: 0.7 AU
Description:
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Venus’s Retrograde Rotation
When viewed from above the north pole of the Earth, most of the planets:
Venus rotates clockwise
Why is Venus upside down?
We have no evidence of this, however
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Retrograde Rotation
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Rotation Rate
Venus rotates on its axis with a period of 243 days
Day is longer than a year Reason is unclear
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Venus from Pioneer
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Venus’s Atmosphere In the 1960’s and 1970’s probes were
dropped into Venus’s atmosphere Composition:
Pressure: Temperature: 750 K (hottest planet in
solar system)
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Chemicals in Atmosphere A lot of sulfur in atmosphere Sulfuric acid has vapor point such that it
boils on the surface but condenses in the atmosphere to form clouds
Also, hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and other corrosive compounds
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Structure of Atmosphere
68 km and up --
48-68 km –
30-40 km –
0-30 km –
Temperature:
Pressure:
90 atmospheres at surface
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Temperature in Atmosphere
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Formation of Atmosphere1) Early Venus heats up, water evaporates2)
3) Ultraviolet light disassociates water and destroys it
4)
5)
6) Volcanoes outgas sulfur, forms sulfuric acid clouds
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Venera 13 Mock-up
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Venera 13 on Venus
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The Surface of Venus
Chemical analysis indicates that
surface rocks are similar to basalt, a volcanic rock
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InterludePlanetary Configurations
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Magellan Maps Venus
Venus’s atmosphere is so thick that you cannot see the surface from orbit
Our map of Venus comes from the
Magellan spacecraft (1990)
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Radar Map of Venus
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Global Surface of Venus Surface is generally level (smoothed
by lava) Many volcanoes and lava features The entire surface is the same age
Surface features named after
women
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Gula Mons
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Vires-Akka Chasma
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Alcott Crater
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A Corona
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Lava Domes
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The Highlands of Aphrodite Terra
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Danu Mountains
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Wind Blown Streak
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Sif Mons
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Volcanism on Venus
Evidence for Volcanism: smoothed surface lava channels visible shield features
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The Interior of Venus
No plate tectonics moving lava disturbs the crust enough to
produce a few mountains and highlands
too hot or too dry?
Venus probably has a molten core
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Summary
Earth-Sized, hot, thick atmosphere (Earth’s evil twin)
Rotates slowly and upside-down Studied by Venera landers and
Magellan radar mapper
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Summary: Atmosphere
Composed of CO2 with sulfuric acid clouds
Thick (90 atmospheres) : No water to wash out CO2
Hot (750 K): Powerful greenhouse effect
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Summary: Surface
Volcanism shapes surface and outgases sulfur See volcanoes and lava flow channels
Surface mostly flat with a few highlands
Nature of core is unknown