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Saving Lives

Skills for Life

Advanced Resuscitation Techniques Certificate

HLTFA404A Apply advanced resuscitation techniques

PUAEME003C Administer oxygen in an emergency situation

PUAOPE010C Operate an automated external defibrillator in an emergency

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Housekeeping

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Phones

Course timings

and breaks

Facilities

Emergency Evacuation

Exits Assembly point

• Language, literacy and numeracy

• Incident/injury notification

• Prerequisites

• Appeals process

• Enrolment form

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Course ContentHLTFA404A Apply advanced resuscitation techniques

PUAEME003C Administer oxygen in an emergency situation

PUAEME010C Operate an Automated External Defibrillator in an emergency situation.

Course Duration: 9.5 hours

The First Aid Training Manual or Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue manual may also be used as a reference

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Learner Guide icons

Remember this

Case study

Assessment activity

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Reading material

Individual activity

Group activity

Course objectives

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Course outcomesBy the end of the course you should be able to:

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assess the casualty and develop a management plan

check and use resuscitation equipment

maintain an airway by: using suction using OP airways

resuscitate a casualty using oxygen resuscitation equipment

use oxygen to provide therapy

recover and restore oxygen equipment

check defibrillation equipment

attach and operate a defibrillator

recover and restore defibrillation equipment

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Assessment

Assessment purpose:

to demonstrate your competence after the learning

to meet organisational requirements for your role

Assessment process:

written assessment

practical assessment including scenarios

RPL 6

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Topic 1 – First Aid and Resuscitation Review

Learning outcomes

On completion of this topic candidates will be familiar with:

the legal implications associated with first aid

infection controls for communicable diseases

the chain of survival

Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

review of CPR7

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Legal implications of first aid

Duty of care

Documentation

Confidentiality

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Duty of careNo requirement to provide assistance unless you already owe a duty of care to the sick or injured person. Examples include:

a first aider at a worksite

someone caring for children

taking on a duty of care once you begin giving first aid

Once you begin giving first aid, you have a duty to do everything reasonable and you cannot abandon the casualty

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Recording

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Make a record at the time of the incident to:

assist with management and handover

create a legal record

The following information may be required:

date and time

what happened

what assistance you provided.

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Confidentiality

Information about a casualty should not be shared with others not involved in their treatment

(ie it is acceptable to share information with parents, other first aiders assisting with treatment or ambulance personnel)

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First aid safety

Wash hands after treating a casualty

Use appropriate PPE (gloves, resuscitation masks, protective eyewear)

Place sharps in sharps containers

Dispose of contaminated wastes into appropriate labelled containers

Be aware of the signs in yourself or colleagues and seek support

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Airway obstructions

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Chain of survival

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Activity

Activity (Individual) 1.1: Advanced Resuscitation and the Chain of SurvivalDuring this course you will be learning how to use a defibrillation unit, oxygen resuscitation equipment and airway management devices (suction and oropharyngeal airways).

The value of defibrillation is clearly defined in stage three of the Chain of Survival, using your current knowledge of CPR, identify where use of oxygen resuscitation and airway management equipment will contribute to the chain of survival.15

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Emergency action plan (EAP)

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Pause and plan

Call for emergency assistance

Primary assessment

Secondary assessment management of injuries vital signs history body check treatment

Ongoing management

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Pause and plan

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This reminds the first aider to remain calm, stop and think.

When pausing and planning consider? safety equipment length of time you may be out in the elements communications further assistance Is 000 required

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Call for emergency assistance

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Four Ps

Position

Problem

People

Progress

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Primary assessment

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Danger

Response

Send for help

Airway

Breathing

Compression

Defibrillation

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Primary assessment - CPR

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Jaw thrust is essential when performing airbag resuscitation

Leadership during CPR

You will be looked to for leadership by other first aiders

You may need to instruct a bystander in CPR

Activity (Group) 1.2: Jaw thrustComplete activity on page 17 of the Learner Guide to refresh your skills in obtaining effective head tilt and chin lift using jaw thrust

Activity (Group) 1.3: CPR reviewRefresh your CPR skills and practise providing leadership during CPR by completing activity 1.3 on page 19 of the Learner Guide

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Secondary assessment

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Management of injuries

Vital signs

History

Body check

Treatment

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Ongoing management

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Reassess the casualty’s vital signs at regular intervals

Continue to identify actual or potential problems and plan appropriate care

Notify the ambulance service of any change to the casualty’s status as appropriate

Hand over casualty to ambulance personnel

Who should be sent to hospital?

How long will an ambulance take to respond to your area?

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Assessment

Assessment Task 1: Written QuestionsComplete questions 1 - 10 in your assessment portfolio now.

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Topic 2 – Advanced Resuscitation and Oxygen

Administration

Learning outcomes

Oxygen equipment components

Oxygen equipment safety precautions

Equipment checks

Oropharyngeal (OP) airways

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Why use oxygen?

Increases oxygen uptake

Promotes recovery in most first aid situations

Minimises risk of cross-infection

Oxygen is useful in most situations where the casualty does not appear adequately perfused (oxygenated)

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Why use oxygen?

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Unconciousness

Shock

Blood loss

Chest pain

Shortness of breath

Asthma

Severe pain

Circulatory distress

Injuries

After resuscitation

Not breathing

Anaphylaxis

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The respiratory system

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The breathing process

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Respiratory noises

Cough

Wheeze

Stridor

Gurgling

No sound

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Respiratory conditions

Hypoventilation

Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease (COAD)

Asthma

Hyperventilation

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Oxygen resuscitation equipment

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Oxygen equipment components

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Activity

Activity (Group) 2.1: Oxygen EquipmentIn pairs or small groups, take turns in naming all the pieces of equipment in your kit. Once you and your partner are confident you can remember all of the items, remove an item or two without your partner watching, and then have them review the kit and identify the missing item(s). A checklist is supplied on page 32 of the Learner Guide.

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Oxygen equipment

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Safety precautions

Oxygen must be used with care and respect at all times Never use oxygen near an open flame Never use oxygen near cigarettes Never use grease or oil with

oxygen equipment Never use oxygen when

delivering a shock via a defibrillator

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Oxygen cylinders

C size

Pin indexed.

440-490L capacity.

White/blue sleeve over outlet of full bottle.

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White cylinder labeled Medical Oxygen (changed from black with white shoulder to all white between September 2009 and June 2011)

Operational times: 50 Min, Therapy (8L per min).30 Min, Resus (14-15L per

min).

Replace cylinders when less than half full (can be used for training).

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Preparing cylinders for use1. Check heat warning tag.2. Remove protective plastic wrap.3. Open or ‘crack’ valve safely.4. Ensure yoke is clean and dry, sealing

washer in place.5. Attach the yoke – do not over tighten.6. Slowly open valve fully, then back half a

turn.7. Check contents (Under half full replace),8. Ensure system is free of leaks. 9. When finished using, turn valve off, then

release pressure from regulator.10.Mark cylinder with contents and date

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Protectiveplastic wrap

Heat warning tag

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Oxygen equipment

Check tubing

Check flow

Check that there is

no odour

Close cylinder valve and

drain unit of oxygen

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Ancillary equipment

Therapy masks (adult and child)

Resuscitation masks (adult and child)

OP airways

Chalk

Pencil, sharpener and paper

Gloves

Spare sealing washers

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Activity

Activity (Group) 2.3: Airbag checksIn pairs or small groups, take turns checking that the oxygen equipment and ancillary items are available and serviceable. Have your partner test you by following along using the processes outlined in your learner guide.

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Administering oxygen therapy

Check oxygen equipment

Place equipment so the operator can reach and see the contents gauge

Attach tubing to mask and turn on

Secure mask to casualty’s face

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NOTE: If the casualty does not want to use the mask,remove the mask and direct oxygen flow around the mouth and nose

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Opening the airway

Use Pistol Grip

Jaw Support

Jaw ThrustMaximum Head Tilt

(Except Infants)

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Mouth-to-mask with oxygenUsed when rescuer is not ARC/ARTC qualified or airbag is not working correctly

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Air bag resuscitator

Patient valve

OxygenInlet valve

Self refilling Recoil bag

Extension tube (optional)

Reservoir bag

Resus mask

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Pre Use Airbag Checks(Assembled components)

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Check the airbag for leaks

Seal patient valve

Squeeze recoil bag

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Check patient valve for non-breathing

2 Fill reservoir bag,place over patient

valve Squeeze

lifts yellow membrane

Check reservoir valve “blow off”

3 Fill reservoir bag,

connect to inlet valve

Squeeze

lifts yellow membrane

Check intake valve

4 Fill reservoir bag,

connect to inlet valve

Squeeze

Reservoir bag deflates

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Airbag operation

Gentle squeezing motion 1.5-2 seconds Adult: 2 hands Child:1 hand

Squeeze airbag before use to fill with oxygen

Watch rise and fall of casualty’s chest

If unhappy with equipment, discard

Airbag may still be used when cylinder is empty

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Activity

Activity (Group) 2.4: CPR with OxygenIn teams of three practice performing CPR using the airbag resuscitator

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Assessment

Assessment Task 1: Written QuestionsComplete questions 11 - 29 in your assessment portfolio now.

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Assessment Task 2: Peer Assessment – Oxygen equipment checksAsk peer to assess you as you complete the pre-operational checks to ensure your oxygen equipment is ready for use (Details page 62)

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Oropharyngeal (OP) airways

curved plastic device

assists in the maintenance of an adequate airway in the unconscious casualty

keeps the airway clear and the tongue in place

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Flange

Bite block

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OP airways

An airway blocked by the tongue

Using an OP airway to assist with a clear airway

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OP airway sizing

Leave airway in the packaging for sizing process

The airway must extend from the centre of patient’s lips, to the angle of the jaw

XXToo small Too big

Correct sizing

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OP airway precautions

Only insert into deeply unconscious or non-breathing ADULT casualties - not children

Lateral position for unconscious breathing casualties

When casualty is non-breathing, insertion can be made on back or side (lateral position)

Airway should NOT be inserted while chest compressions are being performed on the casualty

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Preparation for insertion

Tilt casualty’s head backwards, open casualty’s mouth using jaw support (or thrust)

Check casualty’s airway and manually clear if required

Size oropharyngeal airway

Remove airway from packet (squeeze plastic bag) and lubricate airway using water or casualty’s saliva

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OP airway insertion method

Hold airway by the flange and with the flange’s tip pointing towards roof of mouth, insert airway until roof of the mouth resistance is felt, (approx 1/3 length).

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OP airway insertion method(continued)

Gently push airway further in, rotate 180 degrees until airway tip points downwards and then slide over patient’s tongue into the back of the pharynx until the flange is touching the patient’s lips.

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OP airway insertionA correctly inserted Oropharyngeal airway.

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OP airway insertion precautions

Ensure lower lip is NOT pinched between teeth and airway

Ensure OP airway does NOT push tongue backwards and block the casualty’s airway

Ensure adequate head tilt before inserting airway

Do NOT force the airway into the mouth

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OP airway insertion & the maskInsertion of the airway will not interfere with the use of

oxygen resuscitation equipment.

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Activity

Activity (Group) 2.5: Sizing and Inserting OP AirwaysIn pairs practice choosing the correct size OP airway for your partner. If an airway manikin is available, practise inserting the OP airway, otherwise describe the process to your partner in your own words.

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Assessment

Assessment Task 3: Peer Assessment – OP AirwayAsk peer to assess you as you size and insert an OP airway (Details page 62)

Assessment Task 1: Written QuestionsComplete questions 30 - 33 in your assessment portfolio now.

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Topic 3 - Suction

Learning outcomes

On completion of this topic candidates will be familiar with:

Pre-operation checks of suction devices

Administering suction

Post-operation maintenance of suction devices

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Use of suction

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Manual suction units

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Failure of suction apparatus

Oxygen supply exhausted (for oxygen powered units)

Suction tubing blocked

Bottle full or cracked

Seal missing or perished

Not turned on

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Activity

Activity (Individual) 3.1: Suction equipmentLook at the suction equipment your club/service has available for use or the equipment you have been provided to train with. Identify the following components: Suction catheter Collection jar Jar cap and connection port Suction device Vacuum port

If you cannot identify all of the components check with your trainer. Your device may not have these exact components but will have something that performs the same function

Test the function of your suction device by performing the checks described in your learner guide

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Suction TechniquesRoll casualty on their side.Measure length of insertion on catheterTurn suction unit on (if battery or oxygen).Insert suction catheter inside bottom cheek.Use suction for 15 seconds only (five seconds for electric or oxygen powered) as extended use will deprive casualty of oxygen.Repeat procedure as necessary.

Measuring for lips to corner of the jaw

Suctioning – inserting no further than measured (top picture)

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Activity

Activity (Group) 3.2: Administering suctionIn pairs or groups of three, practice assembling your suction equipment and sizing the insertion distance on your partner. If an appropriate manikin is available practice performing suction.

NOTE: To ensure infection free training, do not place the suction catheter in your own mouth or that of your partner.

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Assessment

Assessment Task 1: Written QuestionsComplete questions 34 - 36 in your assessment portfolio now.

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Assessment Task 4: Peer Assessment – SuctionAsk peer to assess you as you test and use the suction device to provide a clear airway (Details page 62)