Verb Tense Review Week  2,  Wed.  9.2.15  

Todd  Windisch,  Spring  2015  

Announcements

• Computer  lab  on  Wednesday:  •  Building  26B,  Room  1555  

•  First  quiz  (verb  tenses)  next  Wednesday  (9/9)  

Today’s Agenda

• Check  homework  •  Finish  past  tense  • Review  future  tense  

**Remember  that  we  will  meet  in  the  computer  lab  on  Wednesday!  

PAST TENSES

• Past  Progressive  •  Sub  +  be  [was/were]  +  verb-­‐ing  •  AcQon  that  was  in  progress  (unfinished)  in  the  past  •  EXAMPLE:  Leland  was  shopping  when  the  earthquake  happened.  

• Used  a  lot  with  WHEN  clauses.  •  Examples?  •  Did  you  get  a  text  message  at  any  Qme  today?  What  were  you  doing?  •  Did  you  remember  to  do  something  that  you  forgot?  What  were  you  doing  when  you  remembered?  

EG, p. 30, ex. 27

1.  was  siZng  2.  called  /  wasn’t  /  was  studying  3.  didn’t  hear  /  was  sleeping  4.  was  shining  /  was  blowing  /  were  singing  5.  were  arguing  /  walked  6.  opened  /  found  7.  was  reading  /  fell  /  closed  /  snuck  8.  Did  you  hear  /  wasn’t  listening  /  was  thinking  9.  was  snowing  /  was  shining  /  were  shoveling  /  was  lying  

PAST TENSES

• Past  Perfect  •  Sub  +  had  +  verb  [past  parQciple]  •  Shows  events  that  happened  before  the  simple  past  •  EXAMPLE:  Leland  went  to  the  grocery  store  last  Friday.  Leland  had  gone  to  the  grocery  store  several  Qmes  in  the  week  before.  

PAST TENSES

• Past  Perfect  Progressive  •  Sub  +  had  +  been  +  verb-­‐ing  •  The  acQon  started  before  the  simple  past  and  is  sQll  occurring  at  the  Qme  of  the  simple  past  

•  EXAMPLE:  Leland  drove  to  the  grocery  store  last  Friday.  He  had  been  driving  for  15  minutes  when  another  car  hit  his  car.  

SIMPLE PAST/PAST PERFECT

• Which  acQon  came  first?  Place  the  sentences  together  with  the  simple  past  and  past  perfect.  

•  I  did  not  have  any  money.  I  lost  my  wallet.  (because)  •  ChrisQne  never  went  to  an  opera.  She  went  to  an  opera  last  night.  (before)  • We  were  not  able  to  get  a  hotel  room.  We  did  not  book  a  room  in  advance.  (because)  

• We  had  the  car  for  ten  years.  It  broke  down.  (when)  •  Jim  and  Jennifer  graduated  from  high  school.  They  knew  each  other  for  three  years.  (by  the  Qme)  

•  Kim  Kardashian  married  Kanye  West.  She  was  married  two  Qmes  before.  (when)  

SIMPLE PAST/PAST PERFECT

• More  pracQce?  • hep://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs11.htm  

THE FUTURE!

•  Simple  future  •  Sub  +  will  +  verb  [base  form]  •  Sub  +  be  going  to  +  verb  [base  form]  

SIMPLE FUTURE: WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? • What‘s  the  difference  between  “will”  and  “be  going  to”?  • Use  “will”  when  to  express  a  future  acQon  that  has  been  decided  at  the  moment  of  speaking  or  facts/things  we  believe  to  be  true  about  the  future.  

• We  usually  use  “be  going  to”  to  talk  about  a  future  situaQon  that  is  planned  or  already  developing.    

• hep://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/goingtoorwill/exercise5.html  

SIMPLE TENSES & THE FUTURE

•  The  simple  present  and  present  progressive  are  also  used  to  express  the  future!  

• We  need  something  else  in  the  sentence  though  to  make  the  tense  clear.  What  is  it?  

•  TIME  MARKERS!  •  Ex.  We  leave  on  Saturday  at  8:00PM.  •  Ex.  We’re  traveling  to  Japan  in  August.  •  NOTE:  The  future  tense  works  fine  here  as  well!  

EG, p. 60, ex. 1 1.  Future  2.  Future  3.  Present  4.  Future  5.  Future  6.  Present  7.  Present  8.  Future  9.  Future  10. Present  

Grammar Terms

• What  is  a  clause?  •  A  clause  in  English  contains  a  subject  and  a  verb!  

•  There  are  two  types  of  clauses  in  English:  independent  &  dependent  

•  IND:  She  went  to  the  mall.  •  DEP:  A6er  she  went  to  the  mall,  she  ate  lunch.  

   

• What  is  a  phrase?  •  A  phrase  in  English  does  not  contain  a  subject  and  a  verb  

•  There  are  many  types  of  phrases  in  English:  preposiQonal,  adverbial,  verb,  etc.  

•  She  went  to  the  mall  a6er  the  movies.  

•  Both  of  her  friends  like  shopping.  

DEPENDENT/INDEPENDENT CLAUSES • What’s  the  difference  between  the  two?  • How  do  we  know  which  is  which?  

•  SUBORDINATING  CONJUNCTIONS!  •  Aqer,  before,  because,  even  if/though,  if,  once,  since,  though,  unless,  unQl,  where,  whether,  while,  etc.  

• How  does  this  affect  the  future?  

TWO FUTURE CLAUSES

• When  talking  about  two  separate  acQons  in  the  future:  •  Use  “will”  or  “be  going  to”  in  the  independent  clause  •  Use  the  simple  present  in  the  dependent  clause  

•  Examples:  • We’re  going  to  rent  a  car  when  we  get  to  Italy.  

•  Which  clause  is  which?  • We’ll  head  to  the  movies  as  soon  as  that  slowpoke  Steven  shows  up.  

•  Look  at  EG,  p.  67,  ex.  14  for  more  examples  

PRACTICE

• As  soon  as  Nancy  __________  (arrive)  in  Paris,  she  ______________  (find)  an  inexpensive  place  to  stay.  

•  They  __________  (take)  a  train  to  Rome  when  they  _____________  (finish)  touring.  

• Before  they  ___________  (fly)  back,  they  __________  (buy)  souvenirs.  

•  John  _________  (eat)  a  lot  in  Vegas  before  he  _________  (drive)  to  the  Grand  Canyon.  

PRACTICE / ANSWERS

• As  soon  as  Nancy  arrives  in  Paris,  she  is  going  to  find  an  inexpensive  place  to  stay.  

•  They  are  going  to  take  a  train  to  Rome  when  they  finish  touring.  • Before  they  fly  back,  they’ll  buy  souvenirs.  •  John  is  going  to  eat  a  lot  in  Vegas  before  he  drives  to  the  Grand  Canyon.  

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

•  Future  Progressive  •  Sub  +  will  be  +  verb-­‐ing  •  Sub  +  is/are  going  to  be  +  verb-­‐ing  •  Use  to  express  an  acQon  that  will  be  in  progress  in  the  future  OR  use  to  informally  talk  about  a  future  intenQon.  

•  EXAMPLE:  Leland  is  going  to  be  going  to  the  grocery  store  for  the  rest  of  his  life!  

• What  are  we  going  to  be  doing  in  class  next  week?  • What’re  you  going  to  be  doing  tomorrow/this  week?  

FUTURE PERFECT & PERFECT PROGRESSIVE •  Future  perfect  

•  Sub  +  will  have  +  verb  [past  parQciple]  •  Event  that  will  happen  before  a  certain  Qme  in  the  future.  •  EXAMPLE:  Leland  will  have  gone  to  the  grocery  store  6,543,212  Qmes  by  the  Qme  he  dies.  

•  The  future  perfect  is  oVen  used  with  “by”  and  “by  the  Yme”  

• What  will  have  happened  by  the  end  of  the  semester?  

 

FUTURE PERFECT PRACTICE

•  In  pairs,  discuss  some  things  that  you  will  have  or  won’t  have  done  by  the  Qmes  listed  below:  

•  By  10:00pm  tonight  •  By  Friday  •  By  next  Thursday  •  By  December  •  By  next  year  

• Can  you  think  of  other  examples?  

FUTURE PERFECT & PROGRESSIVE

•  Future  perfect  progressive  •  Sub  +  will  have  been  +  verb-­‐ing  •  Very  rare  •  The  future  perfect  progressive  emphasizes  the  duraGon  of  an  acQvity  that  will  be  in  progress  in  the  future  

•  Also  used  with  “By  the  Qme…”  or  “By...”  •  Ex.  By  Christmas,  I  will  have  been  saving  for  several  months.  

•  Because  it  emphasizes  duraQon,  it  is  also  oqen  used  with  “for”  and  “since”  

EG, p. 6, ex. 11 1.  Studies  2.  Is  studying  3.  Studied  4.  Was  studying  5.  Will  study  /  is  going  to  study  6.  Will  be  studying  /  is  going  to  be  studying  7.  Has  already  studied  8.  Had  already  studied  9.  Will  already  have  studied  10.  Has  been  studying  11.  Had  been  studying  12.  Will  have  been  studying  

DCS, p. 20, “The Process of Writing”

• We  will  go  through  two  steps  of  the  wriQng  process  together  in  class  today:  pre-­‐wriYng  and  draVing  

Formatting

•  FormaZng  your  essay  is  important  • What  is  formaZng?  

•  The  arrangement/design/appearance  of  your  essay  on  paper  •  Examples:  font  type,  font  size,  margins,  Qtle,  student  name,  etc.  

 

Formatting

•  I’m  going  to  be  very  strict  about  it  because  many  professors  will  not  accept  an  inappropriately  formaeed  essay  

•  You  should  always  ask  your  professor  what  type  of  formaZng  they  like,  but,  in  general,  these  are  safe  bets:  

•  Size  12  Times New Roman font  •  1  inch  margins  on  all  sides  (this  is  automaQc  on  Word)  •  Everything  double  spaced  **0pt  “BEFORE”  &  “AFTER”  SPACING**  •  Student  name  and  name  of  class  in  the  top  right  corner  •  Title  centered  •  Don’t  forget  to  indent  every  paragraph!  

HOMEWORK

• When  I  assign  homework  from  English  Grammar,  there  is  a  specific  way  I  would  like  you  to  do  your  homework:  

•  Complete  the  homework  on  a  separate  sheet  of  paper  (not  in  your  book)  •  Correct  your  own  homework  using  the  answer  key  in  the  back  of  the  book  •  Try  to  understand  why  you  got  the  answer  wrong;  if  you  cannot  find  out  why,  make  a  note  and  ask  me  during  class  

•  Tonight’s  homework:    •  Chapter  4:  Ex  11,  15.  &  25  •  Chapter  5:  Ex  1,  9,  &  13