REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELAMINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA

LA EDUCACIÓNUNIVERSIDAD YACAMBÚ

CABUDARE - LARA – LA MORA

Student: Gabriela C. Lucena S.

Record: ACP- 14300669

Tenses Verbs

TYPES OF VERB TENSES

Past

• Simple• Progressiv

e

Present

• Simple• Progressive

Future• Simple• Progressive

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present simple tense to express the following ideas:• To state facts or general

truths• To express habits or

customs• To relate future plans

(often regarding programs and timetables)

• To tell jokes and stories or to report sporting events in real time.

Types of sentences:

1. Affirmative2. Negative3. Interrogative

1. Affirmative SentencesStructure

Subject + Verb + Rest of sentence

Subject Verb Rest of sentence

I / You / We / They sleep late on

Saturdays

He / She / It goes

to the beach every weekend

Forming the Present Simple

Examples of the Present Simple

• The sun sets in the west.

• We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.

• They move into their new home next week.

• So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”.

• Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster.

The most common time expressions in the present simple are: usually, always, never, on Wednesdays, every Wednesday, twice a week, once a month, in general, every other day.

Time expressions made up of one word are placed between the subject and the verb in positive sentences and questions and between the auxiliary verb and main verb in negative sentences.

I always study hard for exams. Do you usually speak to him like that?

Time expressions made up of two or more words are placed either at the beginning or the end of a sentence and usually at the end of questions.

Ben goes to football practice every Tuesday. In general, I believe that all people can live in peace. you go to the supermarket every week?

Time Expressions in the Present Simple

2. Negative SentencesStructure

Subject + Verb aux (to do) + not + Verb + Rest of sentence

Subject Auxillery verb

Verb in base form

Rest of sentence

I / You / We / They don’t (do not) eat late at night

He / She / It doesn’t (does not) watch TV every day

Examples of the Present Simple

• I don’t like the food they serve at that restaurant.

• Jim doesn’t work on Fridays.

• My friends don’t usually leave so early.

• I do not want to go with you!

Spelling TipWhen shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘) does not > doesn’t

When creating negative sentences, we usually use the auxiliary verbs don’t and doesn’t + the base form of the verb.

Note: Save the long forms (do not, and does not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Negative Sentences in the Present Simple Tense

3. Interrogative Sentences

Yes/No Questions in the Present Simple

Punctuation TipAlways begin a sentence, question and wh-question with a capital letter:

1. He always does good work.2. Do you like me?3. What did they bring you?

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Do or Does, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence

Structure

Aux verb to do + subject + Verb + Rest of sentence + ?

Auxiliary Verb subject verb in base

form rest of sentence

Do I / you / we / they drive to the city on

Mondays

Does he / she / it break down often

?

?

?

Examples of the Present Simple

1. Do you surf the Internet every day?

2. Does your boss give you positive feedback?

3. Does Jonathan always turn off the lights?

4. Don’t you ever clean your room?

Interrogative Sentences

Wh-Questions

Wh-Questions in the Present SimpleWh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add do or does, then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

1.When do you want to meet me?2.Why does Beth always complain so much?3.How much does the ticket cost?4.Why don’t you ever go on vacation?

who, whom what when where why how which whose

Interrogative Sentences

Wh-Word + Aux verb to do + Subject + Verb + Rest of sentence + ?

Structure

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSEThe present progressive tense is formed from the present tense of the verb be and the present participle (-ing form) of a verb

Spelling Tip

Verbing (Present Participle)Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barkingFor verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > ridingFor verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tyingFor a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)

1. Affirmative SentencesStructure

Subject + aux verb to be + verb ing + Rest of sentence

Forming the Present Progressive

Subject A form of be + Verbing (Present Participle) Rest of Sentence

I am taking my final exam tomorrow

He / She / It is sweeping the floor at the moment

You / We / They are giving me a headache

2. Negative SentencesStructure

Subject + aux verb to be + not + Verb ing + Rest of sentence

Subject A form of be + Verbing Rest of Sentence

I am not working on that project now

He / She / It isn’t sleeping at the moment

You / We / They aren’t running in the marathon tomorrow

Spelling Tip

When shortening a form of be and negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)is not > isn’tare not > aren’t

The negative in the present progressive tense is created using am not, is not or are not together with the ing form (present participle) of the verb.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Yes/No Questions in the Present Progressive

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Am, Is or Are, then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by theing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.

Structure

Aux verb to be + subject + Verb ing + Rest of sentence + ?

A Form of be Subject Verbing Rest of Sentence

Am I making myself clear

Is he / she / it shaking right now

Are you / we / they buying

steaks for dinner tomorrow

Examples of the Present Progressive1. Am I talking too much?2. Is that your dog barking?3. Are you participating in the

competition next week?

?

?

?

Wh Word A form of be Subject Verbing Rest of

Sentence

Who am I meeting with today

What is he / she / it doing right now

When are you / we / they choosing

the colors for the room

Wh-Questions in the Present Progressive

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how, how many, how much.To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add am, is or are, then the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by the ing ( present participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.1.Which route are you taking to the conference this week?2.Why is she bleeding?3.Who am I sending to the meeting?

?

?

?

PAST SIMPLE TENSEStructure

Subject + Verb in past + Rest of sentence

Spelling Tip

Regular verbs in the past simpleAdd ed to most verbs. Ex. talk > talked , employ > employedIf a short verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant, double the last letter and then add ed. Ex. stop > stopped, top > toppedHowever, do not double the last letter if the verb ends in w, x or y. Ex. play > played, mix > mixed.In longer words, if the last syllable of the verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant and that syllable is stressed, double the last consonant and then add ed. Ex. prefer > preferredHowever, do not double the last letter if the first syllable is stressed. Ex. enter > enteredIf the verb ends in e, just add d. Ex. create > created , live > livedIf the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add ed. Ex. try > tried

1. Affirmative SentencesStructure

Subject + Verb in past + Rest of sentence

Forming the Past SimpleExamples of the Past

Simple

• I visited a client in London yesterday.

• She planned the event all by herself

Subject

Verb + d, ed, iedor irregular form (in past)

Rest of Sentence

I / He / She / It You / We / They

walkedto the shop yesterday

slept late last Saturday

2. Negative SentencesStructure

Subject + didn’t + Verb + Rest of sentenceSpelling Tip

When shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)did not > didn’tTo create a negative sentence in the past simple, use didn’t (did not) + the base form of the verb.Note: Save the long forms (did not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject didn’t + verb in the base form Rest of Sentence

I / He / She / It You / We / They

didn’t walk to the shop yesterday

didn’t sleep late last Saturda

Examples of the Past Simple

• I didn’t talk to John yesterday.

• He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.

• You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.

• Ron did not sign the document.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Yes/No Questions in the Past Simple

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Did, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Structure

Aux Did + subject + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?

Examples of the Past Simple• Did you ask Tina to go out with

you?• Did the employees stay late again

last night?• Did Rob finish his assignment

yesterday?

Auxiliary Verb Subject verb in base

formrest of sentence

Did

I / you / we / they walk to the shop

yesterday

he / she / it sleep late last Saturday

?

?

?

Wh-Questions in the Past Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add did (or didn’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-word auxiliary verb subject verb in

base formrest of sentence

What did I / you / we / theyhe / she / it

sell the house

Why didn’t rescue me

Examples of the Past Simple

• When did you buy that sweater?

• Why did the computer break down?

• How long did the train journey take?

• Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

?

?

?

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Spelling TipVerbing (Present Participle)Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barkingFor verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > ridingFor verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tyingFor a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)The past progressive tense is difficult for many non-native speakers to master because many languages don’t have an equivalent.

StructureSubject + aux to be in past (was – were) + Verb ing + Rest of sentence

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

The past progressive describes an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past. It can be used:• To describe an action that started

in the past and was interrupted by another action

• To describe two actions that were in progress at the same time in the past

Subject a form of be + verbing rest of sentence

I / He / She / It was finishing the exam when the bell rang

You / We / They were payingthe bill while I was waiting to be seated

The past progressive is formed using was or were and the ing (present participle) form of the verb.

Examples of the Past Progressive

• I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs.

• He was writing an e-mail when the phone rang.

• While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner.

2. Negative SentencesStructure

Subject + aux to be in past (was – were) + not + Verb ing + Rest of sentence

Spelling TipWhen shortening the 1st & 3rd person (I, he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)was not > wasn’twere not > weren’tThe negative in the past progressive tense is created using was not or were not + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: wasn’t, weren’t. Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

Subject a form of be + verbing rest of sentence

I /He / She / It wasn’t crying when you came home

You / We / They weren’t hiking there when the earthquake hit

Examples of the Past Progressive

• I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last night.

• When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t studying.

• Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Yes/No Questions in the Past Progressive

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Was or Were, (Wasn’t or Weren’t for a negative question) then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by the ing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.

Structure

Aux verb to be in past (was, were) + subject + Verb ing + Rest of sentence + ?

A form of Be subject verbing rest of sentence

Was I walking too fast

Was he / she / it shouting while you were trying to sleep

Were you / we / they waitingfor her when the plane landed

Examples of the Past Progressive

• Was I talking to you?• Were you writing the report

when the electricity went off?• Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe

when you drove past?

?

?

?

Wh-Questions in the Past Progressive

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, and how.To create a wh-question, start with the Wh-word, then was or were (wasn’t or weren’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the ing (participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

?

?

?

Wh Word a form of be subject verbing rest of

sentence

Who was I talking to

What was he / she / it doing

When were you / we / they planning

on telling me the bad news

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSEThe future can be expressed in several ways in English. Here are the different possibilities:Future Simple: will + base form of the verbBe Going To: am, is, are + going to + base form of the verbShall: Shall + subject + base form of the verb?Future Progressive: will be + verbingPresent Simple and Present Progressive with Future Meaning

.

Time expressions in the Future TenseThere are several time expressions that are used in all of the different forms of the future tense. They are generally used at the end of the sentence or question. The most common are: tomorrow, next week (Sunday/month/year), in two days (weeks, months years), the day after tomorrow.

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE1. Affirmative Sentences Structure

Subject + aux will + verb in base form + Rest of sentence

Examples of the Future Simple

• I will see you tomorrow• She‘ll write the e-mail after

lunch.• She will play tennis with me • He gonig to study

engineering• We going to sleep

StructureSubject + aux verb to be + aux going to + verb in base form + Rest of sentence

2. Negative SentencesStructure

Subject + aux won’t + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence

StructureSubject + aux verb to be + not + goning to + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence

Examples of the Future Simple

• I won’t cook dinner with Julia.

• They won’t buy a new car this year.

• He isn’t going to study in Merida.

• Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.

• If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you a raise.

• They aren’t going to buy the house.

• I am not going to make dinner tonight.

3. Interrogative SentencesStructure

Aux Will + subject + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?

StructureAux verb to be + Subject + goning to + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?

Yes/No Questions in the Future Simple

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Will or Won’t, then choose your subject (the person or thing that will be doing the action), followed by be + verbing (present participle).

Will/Wont Subject be + verbing Rest of Sentence

Will Ihe / she / ityou / we / they

be exhibiting at the show next month

Won’t be comingto the wedding on Sunday

?

?

?

3. Interrogative SentencesStructure

Wh + Aux Will + subject + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?

StructureWh + Aux verb to be + Subject + goning to + Verb in base form + Rest of sentence + ?

Wh-Questions in the Future Progressive (Continuous)

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how,To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then will +the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by be + the ing ( present participle) form of the verb. Examples of the Future Simple

• When will he give you an answer?• Why won’t you tell him the truth?• How much is the computer going to cost?• Why aren’t you going to buy that car?• Will Dave burn the CD for you?• Won’t the girls be late for the party?• Am I going to feel bad about my decision?• Is he going to watch the film tonight?