VERBAL & NON-VERBAL

INDICATORS

NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR

• Eyes-their importance• 90% of facial information come from eye expressions• Eye contact can indicate truthfulness or deception• Excessive eye blinking indicates stress

EYES

• Eye movement • Eye movement to the left indicates an introverts personality• Eye movement to the right indicates an extroverts personality

EYES

• Eye behaviors that are indicators of deception.• Excessive eye shifting• Prolonged eye contact• Staring at interviewer

GUILTY EYES

• Ready to confess• Looks at ceiling for the first time.• Starts blinking.

NOSE

• “The nose is the most stress sensitive part of the body.”

• Touching, rubbing, picking, and holding the nose are indicators of stress and deception.

MOUTH

• Inappropriate/excessive smiling is an indicator of deception.

• False smile is noted by only lower teeth showing.

• Any obstruction of speech-whether physical or symbolic indicates stress.

• Excessive gulping is a sign of stress

MOUTH

• Yawning is a sign of stress or feigned boredom.

• Other behaviors indicating stress• Biting lips• Squeezing lips• Continuously licking lips• Dry mouth resulting in a clacking sound when talking• White foam in the corners of the mouth

FACE

• Frozen Face-expression

• Facial coloring • White/chalky• Red

• Facial tics-spasms, good indicators of deception

HANDS

• Hands on chin• Thumb under chin, forefinger stroking chin-deciding to confess• Thumb under chin subject starts to smile

• Hand over mouth indicator of deception

• Women’s hands go to their neck and throat area indicator of stress.

• Hands away from body indicator of truthfulness.

• Hands inward to the body indicator of deception.

ARMS

• Crossing of arms indicates defensiveness caused by fear of the situation or guilt ridden stress.

• Arms crossed over chest, fists clasped under arms indicates uncooperativeness.

ARMS

• Arms crossed closely to the neck indicates greater defiance.

• Arms crossed and leaning into the interrogator indicates lessening chance of cooperation.

GENERAL APPEARANCES

• Truthful person• Appears at ease• Talkative• Sincere• Cooperative• Answers questions directly• Good eye contact• Appears relaxed• Lighthearted conversation

GENERAL APPEARANCES

• Deceptive person• Apprehensive• Worried appearance• Continual sighing or yawning• Aggressive toward interviewer• Overfriendly• Poor eye contact• Evasive answering• Excessive movement

POSTURE (SITTING)

• Truthful• Sits upright• Relaxed looking• Changes positions• Arms open uncrossed• Legs open uncrossed• Head and shoulders straight up• Overall has casual appearance

POSTURE (SITTING)

• Deceptive Person• Slouches in chair• Stiff and rigid• Faces to the side • Moves frequently and rapidly• Arms crossed upper body turned away from interrogator• Head slump• Fetal position

LIAR’S MOVEMENT

• Trunk shifting means fear of interrogation.

• Moving chair away from interrogator.

• Attempting to exit.

LEGS

• Leg(s) stretched far out

• Hands on inside of legs

• Crossing of legs

FEET-INDICATORS OF STRESS

• Bouncing feet

• Kicking-anger

• Person moves interrogators chair

• Foot tapping

• Cross ankles under chair

PRE-CONFESSION POSES

• Palms up

• First sigh

• Rounding or drooping of shoulders

• Chin dropping to chest

• Eyes slowly blinking while looking at ceiling

PRE-CONFESSION POSES

• First crying (look for mucus)

• Holding or rubbing chin while smiling

• Leans into interrogators body space

• Overall look of submission

VERBAL BEHAVIOR

• Verbal signals are the most productive.

• Pitch increase, cracking in the voice, increased flow and volume are indicators of stress.

• Stress occurs and rate, volume, or pitch may increase or decrease 95%.

The No’s which may indicate deception

• The 5 second no

• No followed by body movement• Arms crossing• Legs crossing• Body shifting

• The late no when others were timely

• No followed by closing of eyes

NO’S

• No given before the question is finished

• The “Stevie Wonder” NO

• Breathless No no sound

• Humming bird no

• No with a washed out look

• No with a hypnotic glance

NO’S

• Multiple No’s at stress point

• No followed by laughter

Anger/Aggression indicative of deception

• Doesn’t deny the crime, attacks the facts

• Blames the victim

• Anger at onset of interview

• Makes issues of false issues

• Truthful person doesn’t start out angry

Speech indicators of deception

• Sighs

• Laugh

• Whew

• Slurring of words

• Skips around sentences

• Stop sentences

Speech

• Restarts sentences

• Leaves off ends of sentences

• Speech dysfunction 90% likelihood of lying

• Overly polite, cannot be insulted

Guilt signatures-beware who without prompting

• Tells you about previous arrest

• Tells you about past similar trouble

• Speaks in third person about themselves 1st to 3rd

• States they are hated or disliked