verbs mrs. cingcade mrs. horn mrs. miller what is a verb? verbs are words that show an action: mr....
TRANSCRIPT
What is a verb?Verbs are words that show an action:
Mr. Fromwiller hopped, skipped, and ran down the street.
a state of being: His name is Austin. He has 3 brothers.
An occurrence/happening: Snow glistened on the tree tops. The blackout occurred after midnight.
Verbs You CAN NOT have a complete
sentence without a verb. Every sentence must have subject and
a predicate (or verb): Example:
Will ran. Subject- Will Predicate (verb) - Ran
She ate. Subject- Predicate (verb)-
Sarah drove. Subject- Predicate (verb)-
Action Verbs An action verb names an action OR something that
is happening in the sentence. It may contain more that one word. Example:
Mrs. Miller has visited South Africa.
An action verb is often followed by a noun that receives the action of the verb. This noun is call the direct object. What is the direct object in the sentence
above? ______________________
The words below are action verbs:
Insert the word “to” in front of the verb to test if it is an action. If it shows action using “to” then it is an action verb.
coughate
asleep
ranride
sang
ActionVerbs Circle the action verbs in the
following paragraph: Sports experts write about the
football player Jim Thorpe even today. Thorpe blocked like a tank. He tackled like a tornado. In every game Thorpe attacked his opponents with all his might. He caught the ball skillfully and charged ahead fearlessly. Experts still remember and honor Thorpe’s greatness.
Action Verbs How did we do? Check your work.
Sports experts write about the football player Jim Thorpe even today. Thorpe blocked like a tank. He tackled like a tornado. In every game Thorpe attacked his opponents with all his might. He caught the ball skillfully and charged ahead fearlessly. Experts still remember and honor Thorpe’s greatness.
Transitive Verbs Not all action verbs take direct objects.
Transitive verbs have direct objects. Direct objects receive the action of a verb. It
answers the question whom? or what? after an action verb.
The cross country team runs the race.
what?Action Verb Direct Object
Intransitive Verbs If an action verb does not have a direct
object then the verb is intransitive.
Mr. Burns sings well.
In the above sentence , well does not answer the question whom? or what?. Therefore the verb is intransitive.
Action Verb
Intransitive or transitive?Which sentence uses the action verb read as intransitive? Which sentence uses read as transitive?
Mrs. O’Toole read a book about science.
Mrs. O’Toole read in a great hurry.
Intransitive or Transitive?
Mrs. O’Toole read a book about science. TRANSITIVE
Read what a book
Mrs. O’Toole read in a great hurry. Intransitive
Does not answer what? Or whom? No Direct object.
DAY 1 Activity Using newspaper articles from The
Chagrin Valley Times, look for sentence examples that contain an action verb and a direct object. Highlight the action verb and underline the direct object. Cut out the sentence and glue to construction paper. Find 5 sentences in class and complete 5 for homework.
Indirect Objects A direct object answers the question
whom? Or what?
An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that answers the question to whom? Or for whom? the action was done.
Mrs. Cingcade brought donuts.
subj. action verb direct obj.
Mrs. Miller brought me donuts.
subj. action verb indirect obj direct obj.
Indirect Objects Indirect Objects appear only in sentences
that have a direct object. CLUES to help you find indirect objects The indirect object always comes before
the direct object If you add the word for or to in front of the
indirect object, the sentence still makes sense. Example:
Sarah brought her friends cupcakes. Sarah brought cupcakes for her friends.
Mrs. Horn showed the class her new glasses.
subject action verb indirect object direct object
Mr. Miller gave Mr. Malloy a pizza.
Mr. Miller gave a pizza to whom?
Mrs. Horn showed her new glasses to whom?
It’s important to remember: You can never have an indirect object
without a direct object
BUT……
You CAN have a direct object without and indirect object
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words
A linking verb connects or links the subject of a sentence with a noun or adjective in the predicate.
Mr. Okeafer is a teacher.
LINKING VERBIS connects Mr. Okeafer (subject) to
teacher(noun in the predicate).
Examples: Mr. Fender became the assistant
principal. Became connects the subject Mr. Fender
to what? Predicate Noun: Assistant Principal
Elijah is eleven years old. Is connects the subject Elijah to what?
Predicate adjective: Eleven
Linking Verbs
The most common linking verb is the verb to be.
Other common linking verbs are forms of: to become to seem to appear to look to feel to sound to taste to smell to grow
Linking Verbs
BE CAREFUL!!! Some linking verbs can also be used as action verbs.
EXAMPLES: Mrs. Cingcade grows tired. LINKING VERB
Grows in this sentence shows a state of being
Mrs. Cingcade grows tomatoes. ACTION VERB
Grows in the second example shows an action or something happening to grow.
Linking Verbs
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words
A predicate noun is a noun (person, place, or thing) that follows a linking verb and tells what the subject is.
A predicate adjective is an adjective (describing word) that follows a linking verb and tells what the subject is like.
Predicate Noun: United States is a country.
Predicate Adjective: United States is scenic.
Predicate Nouns & Adjectives
Linking Verb Song
(To the Tune of London Bridges Falling Down)
Am, are, is, was, were (and) beForms of beForms of be
Taste, smell, sound, seem, look, feel, sayBecome, grow, appear, remain
Present, Past, and Future Tenses A verb changes its form to show tense
and to agree with its subject.
The tense of a verb tells when the action takes place.
Present Tense The present tense of a verb names an
action that happens regulary or is happening at this moment.
You usually form the present tense by adding –s to the base form. Some may end in –es or –ies
sleepss splashesescriesies
Present Tense FormsSingular Plural.
I visit. We visit.
You visit. You visit.
He, she, or it visits. They visit.
Past and Future Tense The past tense of a verb names an
action that already happened. Form the past tense of most verbs by
adding –ed to the base form of the verb. Some may end in –d or -ied
EXAMPLE: The people in the town constructed the
schools.
clapped played tried
Past and Future Tense The future tense of a verb names an
action that will take place in the future. Form the future tense by adding the
helping verb will or shall to the base form of the verb.
EXAMPLE: Many 8th graders will go to Washington,
D.C. this year.
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs Verbs have four principal parts. The
chart below shows the principal parts of the verb learn
The principal parts of a verb can be combined with helping verbs to form verb phrases.
Base Form
Present Participle
Past Form Past Participle
Learn Learning Learned Learned
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs
A helping verb is a verb that helps the main verb tell about an action or make a statement. It helps tell when the action is taking place You will only have a helping verb when there is
an action verb in the sentence that it is paired with in a phrase.
A verb phrase consists of one or more helping verbs followed by the main verb (action verb)
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs The most common helping verbs are be and have.
The helping verb be makes a verb phrase with the present participle of a main verb.
Be and the Present Participle
Present Past
Singular Plural Singular Plural
I am learning. We are learning. I was learning, We were learning.
You are learning. You are learning. You were learning.
You were learning.
She is learning. They are learning He was learning. They were learning.
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs The helping verb have makes a verb phrase with
the past participle of the main verb.
Have and the Past Participle
Present Past
Singular Plural Singular Plural
I have learned. We have learned. We have learned. We had learned.
You have learned. You have learned. You had learned. You had learned.
She has learned. They have learned.
He had learned. They had learned
Present and Past Progressive Forms
The present tense of a verb names an action that occurs regularly. To describe an action that is continuing, use the present progressive form of the verb.
The present progressive form of a verb tells about an action that is continuing right now.
Example: The students are listening to a story.
Present and Past Progressive Forms The present progressive form of a
verb consists of the present participle of the main verb and the helping verb am, are, or is.
Present Progressive Form
Singular Plural
I am singing. We are singing.
You are singing. You are singing.
He, she, or it is singing. They are singing.
Present and Past Progressive Forms The past tense describes an action that
was started and completed in the past. To describe an action going on some time in the past, use the past progressive form.
The past progressive form of a verb names an action that continued for some time in the past.
Example:The girls were singing a Justin Bieber song.
Present and Past Progressive Forms The past progressive form of a verb
consists of the present participle and the helping verb was or were.
Past Progressive Form
Singular Plural
I was singing. We were singing.
You were singing. You were singing.
He, she, or it was singing. They were singing.
Perfect Tenses The present perfect tense of a verb tells about
something that happened at an indefinite time in the past. It also tells about an action that happened in
the past and is still happening now.
Example:Matt has collected baseball cards for years.
*In this sentence, Matt began collecting baseball cards sometime in the past and still collects
it.
Perfect Tenses The present perfect tense of a verb
consists of the helping verb have or has followed by the past participle of the main verb.
Present Progressive Form
Singular Plural
I have collected. We have collected.
You have collected. You have collected.
He, she, or it has collected.
They have collected.
Perfect Tenses The past perfect tense of a verb names an
action that happened before another action or event in the past.
Example: Before her last birthday, Samantha had collected
only movies.*In this sentence, Samantha started and finished collecting movies before another event that also occurred in the past, her last birthday.*
Perfect Tenses The past perfect tense of a verb
consists of the helping verb had and the past participle of the main verb.
Present Progressive Form
Singular Plural
I had started. We had started.
You had started. You had started.
He, she, or it had started. They had started.
Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs do not form their past
and past participle by adding the ending –ed.
The irregular verbs are grouped according to how their past and past participle are formed.
See next slide
Irregular VerbsPattern
One vowel changes to
form the past and past and the participle
Base Form
begin, drink, ring,
shrink, sing,
spring, swim
Past Form
began, drank, rang, shrank or shrunk,
sang, sprang or sprung,
swam
Past Participle
begun, drunk, rung, shrunk, sung, sprung,
swum
The past form and the past participle are the same.
bring, buycatch, feelget, keep,lay, lead,leave, lend lose, makepay, sayseek, sellsit, sleepswing, teachthink, win
brought, boughtcaught, feltgot, keptlaid, ledleft, lentlost, made,paid, saidsought, soldsat, sleptswung, taughtthought, won
brought, boughtcaught, feltgot/gotten, keptlaid, ledleft, lentlost, madepaid, saidsought, soldsat, sleptswung, taughtthought, won
More Irregular VerbsPattern
The base form and the
past participle are
the same
Base Form
becomecomerun
Past Form
becamecame
ran
Past Participle
becomecomerun
The past form ends in –ew and the past participle ends in -wn
blowdrawfly
growknowthrow
blewdrewflewgrewknewthrew
blowndrawnflowngrownknownthrown
The past participle ends in -en
bite, breakchoose, drive
eat, fallgive, riderise, see
speak, stealtake, write
bit, brokechose, drove
ate, fellgave, roderose, saw
spoke, stoletook, wrote
bitten/bit, broken
chosen, driveneaten, fallengiven, riddenrisen, seen
spoken, stolentaken, written
More Irregular Verbs cont.Pattern
The past form and the past participle
do not follow any
pattern
Base Form
be (am, are, is)dogo
tearwear
Past Form
was, weredid
wenttorewore
Past Participle
beendonegonetornworn
The base form, past form, and past participle are all the same
burst cutletput
burstcutletput
burstcut letput