Verbs

PresentAnd Imperfect

Tenses• Present – happening now – Translates as any of these:• Verbs, Is verbing, Does verb

• Imperfect – an unfinished action – started in the past – either happened more than once in the past, or it is

still happening in the present– Translates as any of these• Verbed, Was verbing, Did verb

Forming the present• Take the infinitive (amare = to love)• Drop off the -re (ama = love)• Stick on an ending (amas = you love)• Tricks to remember:– 3rd conjugation

• Short, little, wimpy -e- changes to an -i-. • –it goes to –unt in the 3rd person plural

– Regere - regit regunt– 3rd –io verbs and 4th conjugation (ONLY verbs ending

in –io in the first person singular!!!!!)• -io verbs keep the -i- from first person singular in the 3rd

person plural (ghost -i-)– Capio, capere – capit capiunt– Audio, audire – audit audiunt

Forming the imperfect• Take the infinitive (amare = to love)• Drop of the –re (ama = love)• Add -ba- (amaba = loved)• Stick on an ending (amabas = you loved)• Tricks:– -io verbs keep the -i- as part of the stem all the way

through– If you have -b-, you must have an -e-, unless you have

an -a-. (-i- is not strong enough to hold a b on its own)• Capio, capere – capiebam• Audio, audire – audiebam

Amo, amare, amavi, amatus

PresentAmo = I love, I am loving, I do

loveAmas = you love, you are loving,

you do loveAmat = he/she/it loves, is loving,

does loveAmamus = we love, we are loving,

we do loveAmatis = y’all love, y’all are

loving, y’all do loveAmant = they love, they are

loving, they do love

Imperfect Amabam = I loved, I was loving, I

did loveAmabas = you loved, you were

loving, you did loveAmabat = he/she/it loved, was

loving, did loveAmabamus = we loved, we were

loving, we did loveAmabatis = y’all loved, y’all were

loving, y’all did loveAmabant = they loved, they were

loving, they did love

Teneo, Tenere, tenui, tentus = hold

Presentteneo = I hold, I am holding, I do

holdtenes = you hold, you are holding,

you do holdtenet = he/she/it holds, is

holding, does holdtenemus = we hold, we are

holding, we do holdtenetis = y’all hold, y’all are

holding, y’all do holdtenent = they hold, they are

holding, they do hold

Imperfect tenebam = I held, I was holding, I

did holdtenebas = you held, you were

holding, you did holdtenebat = he/she/it held, was

holding, did holdtenebamus = we held, we were

holding, we did holdtenebatis = y’all held, y’all were

holding, y’all did holdtenebant = they held, they were

holding, they did hold

Rego, regere, regi, rectus – rule

Presentrego = I rule, I am ruling, I do ruleregis = you rule, you are ruling,

you do ruleregit = he/she/it rules, is ruling,

does ruleregimus = we rule, we are ruling,

we do ruleregitis = y’all rule, y’all are ruling,

y’all do ruleregunt = they rule, they are

ruling, they do rule

Imperfect regebam = I ruled, I was ruling, I

did ruleregebas = you ruled, you were

ruling, you did ruleregebat = he/she/it ruled, was

ruling, did ruleregebamus = we ruled, we were

ruling, we did ruleregebatis = y’all ruled, y’all were

ruling, y’all did ruleregebant = they ruled, they were

ruling, they did rule

Capio, capere, cepi, captus - capture

Presentcapio = I capture, I am capturing, I

do capturecapis = you capture, you are

capturing, you do capturecapit = he/she/it captures, is

capturing, does capturecapimus = we capture, we are

capturing, we do capturecapitis = y’all capture, y’all are

capturing, y’all do capturecapiunt = they capture, they are

capturing, they do capture

Imperfect capiebam = I captured, I was

capturing, I did capturecapiebas = you captured, you were

capturing, you did capturecapiebat = he/she/it captured, was

capturing, did capturecapiebamus = we captured, we

were capturing, we did capturecapiebatis = y’all captured, y’all

were capturing, y’all did capturecapiebant = they captured, they

were capturing, they did capture

Audio, audire, audivi, auditus - hear

Presentaudio = I hear, I am hearing, I do

hearaudis = you hear, you are hearing,

you do hearaudit = he/she/it hears, is

hearing, does hearaudimus = we hear, we are

hearing, we do hearauditis = y’all hear, y’all are

hearing, y’all do hearaudiunt = they hear, they are

hearing, they do hear

Imperfect audiebam = I heard, I was

hearing, I did hearaudiebas = you heard, you were

hearing, you did hearaudiebat = he/she/it heard, was

hearing, did hearaudiebamus = we heard, we were

hearing, we did hearaudiebatis = y’all heard, y’all were

hearing, y’all did hearaudiebant = they heard, they

were hearing, they did hear

Review: forming the Imperfect• Infinitive – (-re) + (-ba-) + ending = Imperfect• EXCEPT– -io verbs!

• Use –ieba-• SO– 1st conjugation –aba-– 2nd Conjugation –eba-– 3rd conjugation –eba-

– BE CAREFUL!! When changing back to the present, the –e changes to an –i!!!! (regebas regis; legebas legis; regebam rego)

– 3rd –io conjugation –ieba-– 4th conjugation –ieba-

Imperfect: Irregular verbs!

Present• Sum- I am• Es - You are• Est - He is• Sumus – we are• Estis – y’all are• Sunt – they are

Imperfect• Eram – I was• Eras – you were• Erat – he was• Eramus – we were• Eratis – y’all were• Erant – they were

Imperfect: Irregular verbs!

Present• Possum- I am able• Potes - You are able• Potest - He is able• possumus – we are able• Potestis – y’all are able• Possunt – they are able

Imperfect• Poteram – I was able• Poteras – you were able• Poterat – he was able• Poteramus – we were able• Poteratis – y’all were able• poterant – they were able