“The Vienna Circle”!

Moritz Schlick !(1882 – 1936)

Rudolf Carnap!(1891 – 1970)!

Kurt Gödel"(1906 – 1978)"

Bertrand Russell(1872 – 1970)!

Ludwig Wittgenstein"(1989 – 1951)"

correspondence theory of truth!

The truth of a proposition is determined by its correspondence

with empirical phenomena, not by its relationship to other propositions."

coherence theory of truth!

The truth of a proposition is determined by its relationship to

other propositions, not by its correspondence with empirical

phenomena."

coherence theory of truth:!“It is daytime between 11:00am

and 6:00pm.”!

correspondence theory of truth: !“It is daytime because the sun is

up.”!

Midnight in Sweden!

verification principle!

A proposition is meaningful if its truth value is empirically verifiable."

“First it is empiricist and positivist: there is knowledge only from experience… This sets the limits for the context of legitimate science.”"

Vienna Circle Manifesto!

“Everyone at this picnic is having fun.”"

“Everyone at this picnic is smiling.”"

“Second, the scientific world-conception is marked by the application of a certain method, namely logical analysis.”"

Vienna Circle Manifesto!

“What is empirically impossible still remains conceivable, but what is logically impossible is contradictory, and cannot therefore be thought at all.”"

Moritz Schlick,"“Positivism and Realism”"

“There are five people at this picnic.”"

“There are five people at this picnic, and they are also not at this picnic.”"

“A proposition which is such that the world remains the same whether it be true or false simply says nothing about the world; it is empty and communicates nothing…”"

Moritz Schlick,"“Positivism and Realism”"

“There are four visible people and twelve invisible people at this picnic.”"

“There is a world.”"

“The world was created by a higher being who left no proof of his existence.”"

Vienna Circle vs. Descartes!