Vert Bio Jeopardy1st ExamReview

E0164 in Lago Wed 6:10-8:00 PM

200 200 200 200 200 200

100 100 100 100 100 100

300 300 300 300 300 300

400 400 400 400 400 400500 500 500 500 500 500

Fish Amphibians MammalsBirds Misc.Reptiles

What period did fish dominant?

Fish 100 points

Answer

• Devonian (Age of Fishes)

Amphibians 100 points

Name the 3 extant orders of Amphibia.

Answer

• Caudata• Anura• Gymnophiona

Reptiles 100 points

Birds are monophyletic group whereas reptiles are ____________ group.

Answer

• Paraphyletic

Birds 100 points

What’s the purpose of a keeled sternum?

Answer

• Allows for larger pectoral muscles • Wings capable of flapping motion

Mammals 100 points

Describe heterodont dentition

Answer

• The specialization of mammals teeth to target specific food

Misc. 100 points

Describe the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton.

Answer

• Axial- The cranium, vertebrae, and ribs/sternum

• Appendicular- limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles

Fish 200 points

What jawless fish may tie itself in knots and what purpose does this serve?

Answer

• Myxini (hagfish)

• As a defense mechanism- too large to swallow and digestion

Amphibians 200 points

Name the missing link that had a perfect mix of fish and amphibian features.

Answer

• Also known for having fin with wrists• Tiktaalik

Reptiles 200 points

What allowed reptiles to break the tie to water?

For an extra 100 ptsdescribe 3 features of this.

Answer

Birds 200 points

• Feathers derived from ___________ and what evidence is there to prove this?

Answer

• Scales in retiles• Keratin

Mammals 200 points

What was the major evolutionary event that allowed mammals to move more efficiently in contrast to reptiles?

Answer

• The shift from legs being at right angles to under the body– Allowed for more rapid and efficient movement – Support for more weight.

Misc. 200 points

What is the retention of juvenile characteristics on into adulthood?

Answer

• Paedomorphism

Amphibian 300 points

Name three feature of Lissamphibia ( Modern Amphibians)

Daily Double!

Answer

• Loss of bone in skull • Loss of scales • Most with 4 digits (not 5) • 2 middle ear bones • Weak teeth • 3 chambered heart

Reptiles 300 points

Name 3 reptilian characteristics

Answer

• Amniotic egg with yolk (most lay eggs on land)• lack larval stages• Impermeable skin: scales or plates of keratin

cover & protect body• Breath via lungs• Ectotherms (except dinosaurs/birds)• Generally 3-chambered heart• (crocodiles & birds have 4)

Birds 300 pointsExplain the difference between endothermy vs homeothermy.

Answer

• Endothermy = control body temperatures through internal means such as muscle shivering or fat burning

• Homeothermy = thermoregulation that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence– Ex) Humans – 98.6 degrees F

Fish 300 points

What is an extant organism found today that has remained unchanged through time?

Answer

• Living fossil

• Like tuatara

Mammals 300 points

• What is the purpose of skull fenestrae?

• For an additional 100 pts, explain what does it mean to be an anapsid, synapsid, diapsid and provide an example of each.

Answer

• Allows for less weight in the skull without sacrificing strength

• Ability to attach more muscle to skull in a more efficient manner

Misc. 300 points

Which muscle type is associated with limbs, body core, and respiration?

For an additional 50 pts name the other 2 muscle types.

Answer

• Skeletal muscles• Smooth and cardiac muscles

Fish 400 points

Describe the unique feature of the Ceratodontomorpha.

Answer

• During dry periods form cocoon, aestivate in mud

Amphibians 400 points

Name 3 predictions why amphibians moved to land.

Answer

Ocean becoming crowded Predation High

Competitave Avoidance

Food available on land

Reptiles 400 points

What is convergent evolution and provide an example

Answer

• The reoccurrence of a trait multiple times through time.

• Example of four chamber heart in crocodiles and mammals

Birds 400 points

Name 4 characteristics for the evolution of flight to occur

Answer

Hollow Bones The reduction of gonads in off season FeathersRapid digestion

Mammals 400 points

Describe the jaw articulation shift from reptiles to mammals.

Answer

• The shift from– Reptiles : articular/ quadrate articulation • Jaw used in minor role for hearing

– Mammals : Squamosal/ dentary • The articular/ quadrate moved to the inner ear to aid in

better hearing

Misc. 400 points

Name the 5 eras we discussed in class and what clade it corresponds with.

Answer

Devonian – FishCarboniferous – AmphibiansMesozoic- ReptilesCretaceous- BirdsCenozoic- Mammals

Fish 500 points

Name 3 characteristics of Osteichthyes

Answer

• Skeleton of bone • Thin, overlapping scales • Paired fins • Swim bladder - pouch derived from esophagus

w/air volume regulated for buoyancy

Amphibian 500 points

Name 4 problems with the move to land

Answer

• Gravity – skeleton must now support weight • Locomotion – propulsion must change (more use of limbs) • Breathing – Oxygen more concentrated in air than water, but

gills function poorly in air and desiccate quickly • Feeding – must use jaws, teeth, and tongue to secure food

(suction feeding not sufficient) • Reproduction – eggs desiccate quickly • Outer covering – desiccation • Pumping blood (gravity constraints)

Reptiles 500 pointsName the 3 taxanomic groups within Squamata that are not monophyletic

Answer

Serpentes (Snakes)Amphisbaenia (worm lizards) Lacertilia (lizards)

Birds 500 points

Explain the ground up hypothesis and why it doesn’t work.

Answer

• Cursorial Hypothesis II (ground-up hypothesis)• Refined trees down hypothesis • Wings used to catch prey out of air• Wrong- For flight to occur lift and thrust is

needed • less friction doesn’t allow more lift ex) car

anology

Mammals 500 points

Explain the 3 rules of morphological variation in endotherms.

Answer

• Bergmann’s Rule – endotherms tend to be larger in colder climates

• Allen’s Rule – extremeties of endotherms vary inversely w/body size

• Gloger’s Rule – endotherms living in arid regions tend to be lighter in coloration

Misc. 500 pointsChronologically name the structures of an entire muscle.

Answer

• Muscle cell• Fascicle • Micro Fibers• Myofibrils • Myofilaments• Myosin and actin