Swine Health Activities

Barb Porter-Spalding, DVMTroy Bigelow, DVM

U.S. Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Veterinary Services10/28/15

Veterinary Services

Overview

What we do:– FMD/ASF Pilot

• Objectives• Goals• Activities

– Comprehensive Integrated Surveillance (CIS)

– SECD– Emerging Diseases– Procedures when a FAD is

suspected 2

Picture from Wikipedia of Corona Virus

Background Foreign Animal Diseases- US Status• Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)-FREE• Classical Swine Fever (CSF)-FREE• African Swine Fever (ASF)-FREE

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ASF/FMD Surveillance Pilot • Overarching goal

– Support substantiation of freedom for swine foreign animal diseases (FADs)

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ASF and FMD Surveillance Pilot• Purpose and Rational for Surveillance

– Maintaining international market confidence– Protecting the economy of the U.S. livestock

industry– Protecting the health and well-being of the

Nation’s meat / milk herds and flocks– Increasing the levels of diagnostic testing

preparedness and diagnostic capabilities

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ASF and FMD Surveillance PilotObjectives:

– Enhance awareness for the reporting /collection of samples from cases compatible with ASF and FMD

– Implement active diagnostic testing for ASF and FMD surveillance in eight authorized laboratories from the NAHLN

– Collect baseline surveillance information from surveillance streams that could be used to substantiate ASF and FMD disease freedom and to monitor for early detection of disease

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ASF and FMD Surveillance Pilot– Exercise a communication plan for potential suspect cases

of ASF and FMD and ensure that all parties involved understand the communication process and implement it in an effective and timely manner

– Increase diagnostic preparedness and provide the laboratory testing network with an exercise for a potential outbreak

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ASF and FMD Surveillance Pilot• 12 month pilot/8 approved NAHLN labs• Sept 2014 - FMD implemented • February 2015 - ASF implemented• Notification plan = handled same as CSF• ASF or FMD suspected FAD investigation• Surveillance streams = CSF • Test: rRT-PCR• Sample types

ASF = whole blood (EDTA) FMD= oral swabs

• FADDL validation of additional tests and tissues

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ASF and FMD Surveillance Pilot• Sample sources

– Laboratory submissions of whole sick pigs

– On-farm collection of swine samples from licensed feeders under the Swine Health Protection Act (aka garbage feeders)

– On-farm collections from swine in known premises with feral swine exposure

– Slaughter samples collected from FSIS due to septicemia and other ante and post mortem condemn reasons

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ASF and FMD Surveillance Pilot• Sample sources cont.

o Samples collected at slaughter plants in states having higher risk for CSF (Florida, Texas, Puerto Rico)

o Swine suspected to have ASF, FMD, or CSF and included for testing as part of an FAD investigation. Duplicate samples will be tested in the NAHLN

laboratory and at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL), where confirmatory test results will be issued.

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LMS ASF/FMD Data Submission Program Guide

• Messaging specifications for the NAHLN labs

• Collection site• Reason for Submission• Comparison of data on the submission

form to messaged values• Date of birth/age class

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• Pilot testing completed Aug. 2015• 2416 samples for FMD• Data is being analyzed prior to full

program implementation • Preliminary data indicates pilot was

successful in identifying areas for improvement such as– Surveillance data management – Field operations/implementation – Diagnostic validations

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ASF and FMD Surveillance Pilot

CIS-Comprehensive Integrated Surveillance

• What is CIS?– An approach to animal disease surveillance that

connects and engages partners in animal heath– Exchanging information to maintain animal health

knowledge– Evaluation and improvement process allowing

increase or decrease of animal surveillance needs

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CIS• Components

– Field operations resources for surveillance;– Sources for surveillance information and surveillance

streams.– Veterinary Diagnostic infrastructure, lab network, and

messaging;– Systems for data collection, management, storage,

analysis and reporting;– Methodologies for data analysis and communicating

reports;

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CIS

• Surveillance activities for CIS include testing for– Swine brucellosis– Pseudorabies– Classical Swine Fever– Influenza– SECD– Pilot FMD/ASF

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Surveillance activities for CIS include testing streams:

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Data Stream Targeted Pathogen-Specific Surveillance Non-Pathogen Populations CSF PRV IAV-S SB FMD ASF Other Specific Surveillance

Harvest (slaughter) surveillance Market swine 1⁰ Commercial-growers & finishers /pork X X Cull sow boar 1⁰ Commercial- breeding populations X X X Roaster 1⁰ Commercial; High probability of dz X FAD / Emerging disease reporting Foreign animal disease investigation Domestic and feral swine X X X X X Suspicious cases reported Domestic and feral swine X X X X X X X X Comingling locations Live animal markets Domestic and feral swine X X Public exhibitions, sick pigs Domestic swine X Suspicious cases reported Domestic and feral swine X X X X X X X X Diagnostic laboratory submissions Case compatible sick pig submissions 1⁰ Commercial –Targeted high risk of dz X X X X Routine serology / herd profiles Commercial swine X Suspicious cases reported 1⁰ Commercial –Targeted high risk of dz X X X X X X High probability of exposure to feral

Domestic swine –Targeted high risk of dz X X

Suspected exposure to feral swine Domestic swine –Targeted high risk of dz X X On-Farm collections Waste feeding operations Domestic swine –Targeted high risk of dz X X X Designated high risk areas Domestic swine –Targeted high risk of dz X X Exposure to feral swine Domestic swine –Targeted high risk of dz X X Wildlife monitoring Opportunistic feral swine samples Feral swine- monitor disease reservoirs X X X X X X Targeted feral swine sampling Feral swine - in high dz risk areas X Enhanced Passive surveillance FSIS condemnation data 1⁰ Commercial X X X X X Practitioner observations Livestock market observations VDL syndromic submissions

Classical Swine Fever• No Positives Identified

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CSF 2015 Data• No Positives Identified

Surveillance stream

Quarter 1 Oct-Dec 2014

YTD Totals†

Quarter2 Jan-March 2015

YTD Totals

Quarter3 Apr-Jun 2015

YTD Totals

Quarter4 Jul -Sep 2015

YTD Totals

All quarters FY 2015

YTD Totals

Diagnostic laboratories 642 554 825 - 2,021

High-risk slaughter swine

625 439 599 - 1,663

Feral swine 631 1,304 703 - 2,638

Domestic swine in States with higher probability of CSF introduction

1,285 479 848 - 2,612

TOTAL 3,183 2,776 2975 - 8,934

PRV Surveillance FY 2010-2015

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FY 2014 - No commercial herds identified as infected with PRV FY 2015- No commercial herds identified as infected with PRV

Surveillance Stream/ Targeted population

Number of swine tested FY

2010

Number of swine

tested FY 2011

Number of swine tested FY

2012

Number of swine

tested FY 2013

Number of swine

tested FY 2014

Number of Swine

tested FY 2015- 3rd q

Diagnostic laboratory serologic submissions:

Sick pig submissions 34 1,890 165 427 222 491 Routine serology/herd profiling 16,212 26,070 22,566 19,646 24,522 14,448 Swine w/ high probability of feral exposure 636 1,207 916 2,143 6,771 3,242 Swine w/known feral swine exposure 8 160 250 669 904 466 Epi traceback investigation 58 95 31 810 4 0

Total - Diagnostic lab serologic submissions 16,958 29,442 23,928 23,696 32,426 18,665*

Cull sow-boars at slaughter 278,022 290,304 277,808 239,284 234,915 163,693 Market swine at slaughter 13,318 13,795 8,833 11,370 9,311 5,579 Feral swine 2,563 3,161 2,804 2,393 2,798 2,700 Swine cases highly suspicious for PRV 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 310,861 336,702 313,373 276,742 279,450 190,637

* Total includes 18 submissions for which a submission reason was not provided

Swine BrucellosisSurveillance FY 2014

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No commercial herds identified as infected with Brucellosis

Surveillance stream / Targeted population

Number of swine

tested FY 2013

Number of swine

tested FY 2014

Cull sow-boars at slaughter 239,284 234,916

Feral swine 2,353 2,786

TOTALS 241,637 237,702

Swine BrucellosisSurveillance FY 2015 YTD

Surveillance StreamQuarter 1Oct 1 2014–Dec 31 2014

Quarter 2Jan 1 2015 –Mar 31 2015

Quarter 3Apr 1 2015–Jun 30 2015

Quarter 4Jul 1 2015 –Sep 30 2015

FiscalYear 2015 YTD Total

Cull sow-boars at slaughter Swine 56,225 58,206 49,262 … 163,693

Feral swine Swine 631 1,293 717 … 2,641

TOTAL Swine 56,856 59,499 49,979 … 166,254

Enhanced Passive SurveillanceOverview

• Multiple-data stream syndromic surveillance through monitoring of:– Slaughter condemnations – Livestock markets– Veterinarian and producer on farm health– Diagnostic laboratory submissions– Wildlife data

• VS partnered with Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) and Texas A&M’s Institute for Infectious Animal Diseases (IIAD)

• NPB Swine Health Information Center• DHS providing funding for EPS system

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EPS: FSIS Slaughter condemns• Monitored weekly• Three classes of swine

– Sow/boar, Roasters, Market• Ante-mortem condemnations

– CNS, DOA and Pyrexia• Postmortem condemnations

– Septicemia, Erysipelas, Pneumonia

• Signals verified through FSIS • Verified signals are communicated to

Industry for field observations

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Swine Enteric Coronavirus (SECD)• Changes under consideration

– Elimination of biosecurity payments– Elimination requirement for herd plans and

payments for accredited vets– Focus funding on diagnostic testing and

reporting through winter 2015-2016• Re-evaluate program through the winter

months

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Figure 1. Number of Confirmed Positive Premises by Week a

0

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20

30

40

50

60

70

Num

ber o

f Pre

mis

es

Week Received

DUAL INFECTION PDCoV PEDVaWeek the sample was received at the laboratory for testing

Map 1. PEDV: Cumulative Confirmed and Presumptive PEDV Positive Premises since June 5, 2014

Feral Swine• Feral swine remain a concern for regulatory

and foreign animal diseases• VS collaborates with WS on all feral swine

related issues• WS collaborates with VS on testing of feral

swine for diseases of national concern • VS, CEAH collaborate on feral swine disease

models and testing locations

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APHIS Feral Swine Testing

• PRV &SB- majority of sample positives in the S.E. US and Hawaii• Contact VS swine staff for further information/discussion on

national monitoring efforts

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DiseaseNumber of States where samples

collected

Number of samples tested

% of samples that tested positive

CSF 31 2,806 0%PRV 29 2,798 19.4%

Brucellosis 29 2,786 9%IAV-S (nasal) 30 2,173 0.05%

PRRS 30 2,665 1.4%

FY 2014

Emerging Diseases

• VS STAS, CEAH Risk Identification and Risk Analysis group is monitoring for emerging diseases

• New PRV Strain-China– Identified and remains in China – To be prepared, NVSL received virus and is performing

testing to determine diagnostic and viral significance • Collaborations with industry to increase

knowledge of production diseases and other swine health issues continues (Seneca Valley Virus)

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Seneca Valley Virus• Collaborations with

NPB and SHIC • Collaborations with

VS officials– Gathering information

on epidemiology• Development of

guidance documents

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Procedures to follow if you suspect a Foreign Animal DiseaseMake “the Call”• Call the Federal Assistant District

Director (AD) for your state or your State Animal Health Official (SAHO).

• Contact information for your AD or SAHO can be obtained by calling (866) 536-7593.

• You can also call the USDA Emergency number (800) 940-6524 (24 hours) for assistance.

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FADD Investigations• Information will be held confidential to

prevent unwarranted sharing of information during the investigation.

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If in doubt, CALL

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Information Visit the USDA APHIS Website

https://www.aphis.usda.gov

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Questions?