vibration and pressure fluctuation survey of the clean
TRANSCRIPT
Vibration and Pressure Fluctuation Survey of the Clean Water System at the Yuma Desalting Plant
by
K. Warren Frizell and Leslie J. Blum
March 1992
Vibration and Pressure Fluctuation Survey of the Clean Water System at the Yuma Desalting Plant
by K. Warren Frizell and Leslie J. Blum
A .variety of measurements were performed over a 2-day period in February 1992. The measurements document vibrations and pressure fluctuations in the reverse osmosis (RO) vessels and associated structures. Some researchers feel that excessive fluid-borne oscillations, especially at high frequencies, are contributors to the degradation of RO elements.
Clean Water System Unit 1
An accelerometer survey was designed to help evaluate the structural vibrations associated with Unit 1 . Accelerometer bases were mounted at various positions around Unit 1, figure 1. B&K Model 4366 accelerometers and B&K Model 2626 charge amplifiers were used to collect data. The output was connected to an HP Model 3562 Dynamic Signal Analyzer for spectral analysis. _The pump and motor were direct coupled and operated at 3,470 r/min (57.8 Hz). The pump and pressure regulating valve were set to deliver 13 I/min at 2, 760 kPa (normal operating conditions). The unit has two flow paths, one directly leading to RO vessel 1 and one with two UF/MF vessels inline upstream of RO vessel 2. The UF/MF vessels did not contain filter elements. Figures 2a-2i show 0-10 kHz power spectra from each accelerometer location. The rotational frequency (-60 Hz) of the pump and many of its harmonics are prevalent at all locations in and around Unit 1, this is primarily due to mechanical vibrations being transmitted throughout the structure. Table 1 shows the peak magnitudes of the spectra at each location. The accelerometer data give a good indication of structural vibration. Depending on how various elements in the system are anchored, the vibration signature will change. Much of the vibration could be eliminated by isolating the pump/motor from the rest of the Unit.
Table 1. - Peak magnitude of accelerometer spectra.
Accelerometer Location Frequency (Hz) Magnitude (g)
A1 59.12 2.24e-3
A2 59.12 2.82e-4
A3 59.12 1.63e-3
A4 59.12 2.24e-3
AS 59.12 2.64e-3
A6 59.12 1.82e-4
A7 59.12 6.45e-4
A8 59.12 6.19e-4
A9 59.12 3.46e-5
A second set of measurements were collected using two Kistler 21181 dynamic pressure transducers. These transducers operate on a piezoelectric principle using a quartz crystal diaphragm. Due to the properties of quartz, they can only sense changes in pressure. They have a high frequency response and the output was fed into the HP 3562 Dynamic Signal Analyzer for spectral analysis. Figures 3a-3c and 4a-4c show spectra of pressure fluctuations at the entrance and exit of RO vessels 1 and 2, respectively. Comparisons between vessel 1 and 2 show almost no differences in the 0-100 Hz range. Looking at a 0-1 kHz bandwidth, no significant differences are noticed either in the entrance or exit conditions. However, above 1 kHz, there is a disparity in the spectra at the entrance of the vessels. This difference · shows up between 1 and 3 kHz, the vessel 1 spectra having the higher level ( 10-15 dB), figure 5. The spectra of the pressure fluctuations at the vessel exits were very similar. Since vessel 2 has not shown previous damage, these differences in the spectra at the entrances to the vessels could be an indication of a problem condition.
The final series of tests on Clean Water System Unit 1 involved placing a miniature hydrophone (B&K Model 8103) into the RO and UF/MF vessels. A charge amplifier was used to provide excitation and output. Spectra were collected with the HP Dynamic Signal Analyzer. The hydrophone was a tight fit, especially in the RO vessels. Ideally, the hydrophone should be mounted free of contact with any structural part of the vessel. This was not possible in this installation. The effects are twofold, hydrophones typically have a directivity pattern which can be affected by their close proximity to solid boundaries, also vibration of the structure (RO vessel) may cause the hydrophone to vibrate. Figures 6a-6c show background spectra (pump on, no flow) in three different frequency ranges. The power spectra of the hydrophone output at the entrance to RO vessel 1, is presented in figures 7a-7c and the entrance to RO vessel 2 in figures Sa-Sc. No large differences were noted between the entrance to RO vessel 1 and RO vessel 2 with the exception that the peak at the pump's rotational frequency is reduced by 10 dB (10 times) in vessel 2. There was not a decrease in magnitude in the 1-3 kHz range with the hydrophone as was noted with the dynamic pressure transducer output. A test was conducted with changing the operating pressure to 1,320 kPa from 2,760 kPa while maintaining the same flowrate, figures 9a-9b. The feedwater flowrate was also doubled, increasing it to 22.5 I/min from 13 I/min, while keeping the operating pressure the same, figures 1 Oa-1 Oc. The spectral level was hardly affected by the drop in pressure; however, the change in flowrate effectively raised the spectral levels by 5-10 dB (2-10 times) in the 0-3 kHz frequency range.
The hydrophone was also placed near the entrance to UF/MF vessel 1. Data indicated that the spectral levels dropped below the ones measured at the entrance to RO vessel 1 at about 40 Hz and remained 10-15 dB below for higher frequencies, figure 11.
Hydranautics Test Train RO Unit
Limited measurements were made at the Hydranautics test train. These involved dynamic pressure transducers at the feed to vessel: 1 and the reject of vessel 5, figures 12a-12b. A comparison of the two, figure 13, shows definite differences
2
between the feed and reject. The feed once again shows higher magnitudes at the pump frequencies and its harmonics (especially 300 Hz). The Hydranautics unit featured a pump operating at 3,570 r/min. In general, the reject power spectra showed higher spectral levels (more energy) than the feed-side pressure transducer. This is especially noticed at around 1,300 Hz and in the entire frequency range above 2,500 Hz.
Fluid Systems Test Train RO Unit
Similar measurements were made at the Fluid Systems test train. Dynamic pressure transducers were connected to the feed of vessel 2, figure 14, and the reject of vessel 6. In a comparison of the two, figure 15, the reject power spectra shows more energy than the feed power spectra for all frequencies except below 200 Hz.
Conclusions
A series of measurements were taken at the Yuma Desalting Plant Clean Water System Unit 1 and the Hydranautics and Fluid Systems test trains. The measurements included structural vibrations, pressure fluctuations and fluid-borne sound. General trends in the measurements showed that the pump/motor rotational frequency was dominant, especially in the Clean Water System structure. It is hard to separate the influence that structural vibration has on the fluid within the system. The apparent effect of the UF/MF vessels on the fluid pressure fluctuation is a reduction in the pulsations associated with the pump/motor. Typical decreases of 10 times are seen in the magnitudes of the power spectra at those frequencies. In general, there appears to be an increase in the amount of energy present in similar bandwidths in the reject versus the feed. This could indicate increased vibration in the RO elements contained within the vessel. No high frequency pressure fluctuations or water-borne sound were picked up within the RO vessels. While the data do not point to a single problem which is resulting in RO element degradation, there are a couple of areas where further study may be of benefit. Isolation of the structural vibration coming from the pump and motor may yield improved conditions. Structural vibration is especially prevalent in the Clean Water System throughout the structure on which the RO and UF/MF vessels are mounted. In addition, the installation of a low pass acoustical filter in the feedwater line could effectively decrease the fluidborne pulsations which result from the pump.
3
PUMP RO PRODUCT
RO PRODUCT
A7
UF/MF PRODUCT
PRV
RO VESSEL 1
ELEM.1A ELEM.18
ROVESSEL2
ELEM.2A ELEM.28
UF/MF VESSEL 2
ELEM.D ELEM.C
UF/MF VESSEL 1
ELEM. A I ELEM. B
---.. RO REJECT
l/
RO PRODUCT
...... -1 RO REJECT I
RO PRODUCT
UF/MF REJECT
Figure 1: Yuma Clean Water System Unit 1,. flow schematic accelerometer survey locations.
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