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Vicarious trauma and resilience in volunteer telephone counsellors Terpsichori Kaltsouni, PhD Student e: [email protected] www.abdn.ac.uk Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between vicarious trauma, personality traits and attachment bonds in volunteer telephone counsellors. Moreover, through this study, I will also explore any relationships between counsellors’ resilience, personality traits and attachment bonds and how such relationships may impact on the development of post- traumatic growth. Introduction Mental health professions are known to be at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) through exposure to their clients’ traumatic narratives, despite not being exposed to these events directly. This phenomenon has been characterized as vicarious traumatization. An empathic engagement with a client’s traumatic experiences can lead to long- term changes to an individual’s way of experiencing themselves, others and the world and symptoms that may parallel those of their client. However, in order to survive and thrive in the face of adversity, mental health professions adopt processes and coping mechanisms which are known as resilience. Through resilience, counsellors try to adapt to challenges and cause a positive psychological change to their professional and personal life. Even though the vicarious impact of trauma and resilience have been recorded in various groups, limited research has been done in the United Kingdom and especially with volunteer telephone counsellors. Proposed Methodology At this stage of my research, the proposed methodology is mixed methods. The research will be divided into two main parts: quantitative and qualitative research. First, questionnaires will be administered in order to explore the dominant personality traits of volunteer telephone counsellors and the attachment bonds. This data will also enable to explore the relationships between vicarious trauma, personality trait and attachment bonds. Secondly, semi- structured interviews and ethnography will be used with a main purpose to explore, in more depth, the resilience levels of volunteer counsellors according to their personality traits and attachment bonds and how these traits and bonds may help them to achieve post- traumatic growth. Personality trait Vicarious trauma Attachment bonds Expected Outcomes The expected outcomes of this research are: I. to establish how particular characteristics of personality (e.g. extroversion/ introversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness) of volunteer telephone counsellors in a UK context affect their propensity to experience vicarious trauma. II. to establish how particular attachment bonds (e.g.. secure/ insecure, anxious- ambivalent and anxious- avoidant attachment) of volunteer telephone counsellors influence their tendency to experience vicarious trauma. III. to establish the resilience levels of volunteer telephone counsellors according to their personality traits and attachment bonds and IV. to establish that post- traumatic growth is not clients’ characteristic only, but volunteer counsellors as well, based on their personality traits and attachment bonds. Proposed Research Questions ü What are the dominant personality traits of volunteer counsellors? ü Why are some volunteer telephone counsellors more vulnerable than other to experience vicarious traumatization? ü What are the relationships between vicarious trauma, personality trait and attachment bonds? ü Are there any relationships between personality traits, attachment bonds and resilience? ü What are the relationships between volunteer counsellors’ personality trait, attachment bonds and post- traumatic growth? Acknowledgment I would like to acknowledge the support provided by my supervisors Prof Ruth Irwin and Dr Salma Siddique. I also thank the Graphics Team - University of Aberdeen, IT Services: Media Services, for their guidance.

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Page 1: Vicarious trauma and resilience in volunteer telephone

VicarioustraumaandresilienceinvolunteertelephonecounsellorsTerpsichoriKaltsouni,PhDStudente:[email protected]

www.abdn.ac.uk

AbstractThepurposeofthisstudyistoexaminetherelationshipbetweenvicarioustrauma,personalitytraitsandattachmentbondsinvolunteertelephonecounsellors.Moreover,throughthisstudy,Iwillalsoexploreanyrelationshipsbetweencounsellors’resilience,personalitytraitsandattachmentbondsandhowsuchrelationshipsmayimpactonthedevelopmentofpost-traumaticgrowth.

IntroductionMentalhealthprofessionsareknowntobeatriskofdevelopingpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)throughexposuretotheirclients’traumaticnarratives,despitenotbeingexposedtotheseeventsdirectly.Thisphenomenonhasbeencharacterized asvicarioustraumatization.Anempathicengagementwithaclient’straumaticexperiencescanleadtolong- termchangestoanindividual’swayofexperiencingthemselves,othersandtheworldandsymptomsthatmayparallelthoseoftheirclient.However,inordertosurviveandthriveinthefaceofadversity,mentalhealthprofessionsadoptprocessesandcopingmechanismswhichareknownasresilience. Throughresilience,counsellorstrytoadapttochallengesandcauseapositivepsychologicalchangetotheirprofessionalandpersonallife.Eventhoughthevicariousimpactoftraumaandresiliencehavebeenrecordedinvariousgroups,limitedresearchhasbeendoneintheUnitedKingdomandespeciallywithvolunteertelephonecounsellors.

ProposedMethodologyAtthisstageofmyresearch,theproposedmethodologyismixedmethods.Theresearchwillbedividedintotwomainparts:quantitativeandqualitativeresearch.First,questionnaireswillbeadministeredinordertoexplorethedominantpersonalitytraitsofvolunteertelephonecounsellorsandtheattachmentbonds.Thisdatawillalsoenabletoexploretherelationshipsbetweenvicarioustrauma,personalitytraitandattachmentbonds.Secondly,semi- structuredinterviewsandethnographywillbeusedwithamainpurposetoexplore,inmoredepth,theresiliencelevelsofvolunteercounsellorsaccordingtotheirpersonalitytraitsandattachmentbondsandhowthesetraitsandbondsmayhelpthemtoachievepost- traumaticgrowth.

Personalitytrait

Vicarioustrauma

Attachmentbonds

ExpectedOutcomesTheexpectedoutcomesofthisresearchare:I. toestablishhowparticularcharacteristics ofpersonality

(e.g.extroversion/introversion,neuroticism,agreeableness,conscientiousnessandopenness)ofvolunteertelephonecounsellorsinaUKcontextaffecttheirpropensitytoexperiencevicarioustrauma.

II. toestablishhowparticularattachmentbonds(e.g..secure/insecure,anxious- ambivalentandanxious- avoidantattachment)ofvolunteertelephonecounsellorsinfluencetheirtendencytoexperiencevicarioustrauma.

III. toestablishtheresiliencelevelsofvolunteertelephonecounsellorsaccordingtotheirpersonalitytraitsandattachmentbondsand

IV. toestablishthatpost- traumaticgrowthisnotclients’characteristiconly,butvolunteercounsellorsaswell,basedontheirpersonalitytraitsandattachmentbonds.

ProposedResearchQuestionsü Whatarethedominantpersonalitytraits

ofvolunteercounsellors?ü Whyaresomevolunteertelephone

counsellorsmorevulnerablethanothertoexperiencevicarioustraumatization?

ü Whataretherelationshipsbetweenvicarioustrauma,personalitytraitandattachmentbonds?

ü Arethereanyrelationshipsbetweenpersonalitytraits,attachmentbondsandresilience?

ü Whataretherelationshipsbetweenvolunteercounsellors’personalitytrait,attachmentbondsandpost- traumaticgrowth? Acknowledgment

IwouldliketoacknowledgethesupportprovidedbymysupervisorsProfRuthIrwinandDrSalmaSiddique.IalsothanktheGraphicsTeam-UniversityofAberdeen,ITServices:MediaServices,fortheirguidance.

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