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PHYSICAL EDUCATIONWritten examination
Wednesday 2 November 2016 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of bookSection Number of
questionsNumber of questions
to be answeredNumber of
marks
A 15 15 15B 13 13 105
Total 120
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.
• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.
Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof27pages.• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions.
Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice
questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.
At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2016
SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2016
STUDENT NUMBER
Letter
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 2
SECTION A – continued
Question 1Steveis13yearsold.InordertoachievehealthbenefitsandtomeetAustralia’sPhysicalActivityandSedentaryBehaviourGuidelinesforYoungPeople(13–17years),howmanydaysperweekshouldSteveengageinactivitiesthatstrengthenmuscleandbone?A. atleastonedayperweekB. atleasttwodaysperweekC. atleastthreedaysperweekD. atleastfivedaysperweek
Question 2TheHeartFoundation’s‘JumpRopeforHeart’isaphysicalactivityprogramthatprovidesresourcesforteachers.Theprovisionofresourcesandequipmentisanexampleofaninitiativedesignedtoincreasephysicalactivity.Whichlevelofthesocial-ecologicalmodeldoesthisaddress?A. policyB. individualC. socialenvironmentD. physicalenvironment
SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions
Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.
3 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
Question 3
Source:wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com
Theimageaboveshowsafitnesstestinprogress.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthefitnesscomponentbeingtested,thetypeoftestbeingundertakenandthevariablebeingmeasured?
Fitness component Type of test Variable measured
A. aerobiccapacity maximaltest oxygenuptake
B. muscularendurance sub-maximaltest bloodlactate
C. muscularstrength maximaltest oxygenuptake
D. aerobiccapacity sub-maximaltest bloodlactate
Question 4TheuseofwhichoneofthefollowingisconsideredillegalundertheWorldAnti-DopingAgency’s(WADA)code?A. energydrinksB. hypotonicdrinksC. hypertonicdrinksD. intravenoushydration
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 4
SECTION A – continued
Question 5Arousallevelsforbothgolfandbasketballneedtobeoptimal.Whichoneofthefollowinggraphsdemonstratesoptimalarousalforbothgolfandbasketball?
performance
arousal level
performance
arousal level
performance
arousal level
performance
arousal level
A. B.
C. D.
low high low high
low high low high
high
low
high
low
high
low
high
low
golfbasketball
Key
Question 6Jacquiisa16-year-oldstudentwhoplayssoccer.Shetrainstwiceaweekfor60minutesandplaysa90-minutegameeveryweekend.Jacquirecordsheractivityusinganaccelerometer.Whatfrequency,durationandintensityofphysicalactivitydoesJacquineedtoaccumulateperweektomeetAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesforyoungpeople(13–17years)forhealthbenefits?A. 75–150minutesofvigorous-intensityphysicalactivityeachweekB. atleast30minutesofmoderate-to-vigorous-intensityphysicalactivityeverydayC. atleast60minutesofmoderate-to-vigorous-intensityphysicalactivityeverydayD. atleastthreehoursofmoderate-intensityphysicalactivityeveryday,spreadthroughouttheday
Question 7TheabilitytoworkatahigherintensityaerobicallycanbeattributedtoanincreaseinA. TypeIIfibres.B. lactatetolerance.C. mitochondria.D. ATPase.
5 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
Question 8FatsaretheprimaryfuelsourceforenergyatA. 60%ofVO2max.B. 70%ofVO2max.C. 80%ofVO2max.D. 90%ofVO2max.
Question 9Whichoneofthefollowinginitiatives,designedtoincreasethephysicalactivitylevelsofadults,addressesthesocialenvironmentcomponentofthesocial-ecologicalmodel?A. organisingaworkplaceteamforafunrunB. displayinginformationpostersatworkC. providingasecurestorageareaforactivetransportD. aworkplaceintroducing15-minutebreaksforphysicalactivity
Question 10ThepredominantenergysystemusedduringatrainingsessiondependsontheA. durationofthesession.B. intensityofthesession.C. athlete’strainingstatus.D. frequencyofthesessions.
Question 11Whichoneofthefollowingenergysystemshastheslowestrateofenergy(ATP)production?A. ATP-CPB. aerobiclipolysisC. aerobicglycolysisD. anaerobicglycolytic
Question 12AsuitablepsychologicalstrategytoimproverecoverybetweeneventsataninternationalswimmingcompetitionwouldbeA. massages.B. hydrotherapy.C. compressiongarments.D. sleepandrest.
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 6
END OF SECTION A
Use the following information to answer Questions 13 and 14.
heart rate (beats per minute)
oxygen consumption
untrained athlete
trained athlete
Question 13Whatchronicadaptationisshowninthegraphabove?A. increasedstrokevolumeB. decreasedstrokevolumeC. decreasedrestingheartrateD. increasedrestingheartrate
Question 14TheadaptationshowninthegraphispossiblebecauseA. strokevolumeincreasessotheheartdoesnotneedtobeatasoften.B. oxygenconsumptionincreasessotheheartdoesnotneedtobeatasoften.C. restingheartrateincreasestoincreasetheamountofoxygendeliveredtotheworkingmuscles.D. strokevolumeandheartratedecreaseduetoanincreaseintheefficiencyofthecardiovascularsystem.
Question 15Therelationshipbetweenstrokevolume,heartrateandcardiacoutputisbestrepresentedasA. strokevolume÷heartrate=cardiacoutputB. strokevolume×heartrate=cardiacoutputC. heartrate×cardiacoutput=strokevolumeD. cardiacoutput×strokevolume=heartrate
7 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
Question 1 (4marks)The‘Couchto5K®’trainingappisdesignedtogetsedentarypeoplerunning5kmovera nine-weektrainingprogram.
a. WhichofAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesforadults(18–64years)doesthisprogramspecificallytarget? 1mark
Week 7 of the program
Workout 1Briskfive-minutewarm-upwalk,thenjog4kmorjogfor25minutes
Workout 2Briskfive-minutewarm-upwalk,thenjog4kmorjogfor25minutes
Workout 3Briskfive-minutewarm-upwalk,thenjog4kmorjogfor25minutes
b. Otherthanduration,identifyonetrainingprincipleshowninWeek7oftheprogram. 1mark
c. AcoachadvisesJordanthatifherunsfor25minuteseverytimeheruns,hecouldoverloadhistrainingprogram.
ExplainhowJordancouldoverloadhistrainingprogramwithoutanyincreaseinruntime persession. 2marks
SECTION B
Instructions for Section BAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 8
SECTION B – Question 3–continued
Question 2 (4marks)a. Listtwochronicadaptationstothecardiovascularsystemthatresultfromaerobictraining. 2marks
b. Selectoneofthechronicadaptationslistedinpart a.andexplainhowitleadstoanincreaseinaerobicfitness. 2marks
Question 3 (10marks)TheLaunchPadprogramaimstodevelopchildren’sfundamentalmovementskillsinordertoimproveconfidenceandcompetenceforlifelongparticipationinphysicalactivityandsport.
Source:GymnasticsAustralia (www.gymnastics.org.au)
a. Developingfundamentalmovementskillstosupportparticipationinphysicalactivitytargetswhichlevelofthesocial-ecologicalmodel? 1mark
9 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
b. Applythesocial-ecologicalmodeltocritiquetheuseoftheLaunchPadprogramtoincreasethephysicalactivitylevelsofchildrenagedfivetoeightyears. 4marks
c. OutlineoneexampleofaninitiativethattargetsthephysicalenvironmentlevelthatcouldbeusedwithLaunchPadtoencouragephysicalactivityorreducethesedentarybehaviourofchildrenagedfivetoeightyears. 1mark
Max(aneight-year-oldboy)completedaself-reportphysicalactivitydiaryforaweek.Hecompletedtwoone-hoursessionsofLaunchPad.
d. i. Outlineoneadvantageandonedisadvantageofusingaself-reportdiaryasamethodofassessingthephysicalactivitylevelsandsedentarybehaviourofachild. 2marks
ii. Otherthanaself-reportdiary,provideonesubjectiveandoneobjectivemethodofassessingthephysicalactivitylevelsofachild. 2marks
Subjective
Objective
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 10
SECTION B – Question 4–continued
Question 4 (10marks)a. DescribethesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheprocessofATPproductionviatheaerobicand
anaerobicpathways. 4marks
b. Thegraphbelowshowstheaerobictrainingzoneasbeingbetween70%and90%ofmaximumheartrate.
Source:WDMcArdle,FIKatchandVLKatch,Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance,8thedn,WoltersKluwerHealth/LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,
Baltimore/Philadelphia,2015,p.481
Describetheacutephysiologicalchangesthatoccurwhenanathleteworksabovetheaerobictrainingzone. 2marks
Due to copyright restrictions, this material is not supplied.
11 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Explainhowanimprovedlactateinflectionpoint(LIP)wouldbeanadvantageforadistancerunner. 2marks
d. DescribehowanincreaseintheoxidativeenzymesleadstoanimprovedLIP. 2marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 12
SECTION B – continued
Question 5 (7marks)a. DemonstrateyourunderstandingofAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesbydesigninga
weeklyphysicalactivityplantoachievehealthbenefitsforanadultwhoiscurrentlynotdoinganyphysicalactivity.Yourprogrammustshowthecorrectfrequency,intensityanddurationoftheactivity. 4marks
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
b. Eachsessionofyourplanshouldincludeawarm-up,conditioningphaseandcool-down.
Outlinethepurposeofeachcomponent. 3marks
Warm-up
Conditioningphase
Cool-down
13 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
Question 6 (5marks)a. Explaintheprocessofcarbohydrateloadingandhowitcouldimproveanenduranceathlete’s
performance. 2marks
b. Explainhowconsumingahigh-carbohydratedietratherthanalow-carbohydratedietcanhelprestoremuscleglycogenlevelsandhowthiscouldinfluencetrainingperformance. 3marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 14
SECTION B – Question 7–continued
Question 7 (13marks)Thefollowingimageisofahurdler.
Source:StephenMcsweeny/Shutterstock.com
a. Identifyonehealth-relatedfitnesscomponentrequiredtoperformtheactionshown.Justifyyouranswer. 2marks
b. Thehurdlerintheimagehasaveryfocusedfacialexpression.
Describeone strategythehurdlermayhaveusedtodevelopherconcentrationskills,enablinghertoperformsuccessfullyatahighlevel. 2marks
15 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Thehurdlerusesintervaltrainingtoimproveherperformanceinthe110mhurdles.
Describeintervaltrainingandexplainhowthevariablesinvolvedcanbemanipulatedtodevelopanyofthethreeenergysystems.Provideanexampleofanappropriatework-to-restratio. 3marks
Thegraphbelowshowsbloodlactateconcentrationfollowingasetoffiverepetitionsofintervaltrainingatthreedifferentintensities.
5 × 200 m, 2 min. rest
5 × 400 m, 1 min. rest
5 × 800 m, 15 sec. rest
interval number
14121086
blood lactate concentration
(mmol/L)
420
A
B
C
1 2 3 4 5
Source:reprintedwithpermissionofWLKenney,JHWilmoreandDLCostill,Physiology of Sport and Exercise,6thedn,HumanKinetics,Champaign(IL),2015,p.235;nofurtheruse
ofthisfigureispermittedwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher
d. Identifytheenergysystembeingtrainedineachofthethreedifferentintervalintensitiesshown. 3marks
A
B
C
e. Usingthedatainthegraph,explainwhybloodlactatelevelsarehigherforAandBcomparedtoC. 3marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 16
SECTION B – Question 8–continued
Question 8 (7marks)MichellePayneisthefirstfemalejockeytowintheMelbourneCup.Aftertheraceshestated, ‘…youknowwhat?It’snotallaboutstrength,thereissomuchmoreinvolved,gettingthehorseintoarhythm,gettingthehorsetotryforyou,it’sbeingpatient’.
Source:IsabelleWestbury,‘MichellePayne’sMelbourneCupwinshouldbeagame-changer forwomen’ssport’,Sydney Morning Herald,4November2015
a. Paynesays,‘It’snotallaboutstrength’.
Listoneotherfitnesscomponentthatmayalsobeimportantforajockeyandjustifyyourresponse. 2marks
b. Maleshavehigherlevelsoftestosteronethanfemales,producingmoremusclemass.Thisresultsingreaterabsolutestrength.
Statetwootherfactorsthataffectstrength. 2marks
17 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Physiologicaldatafromtwoathletesisshowninthetablebelow.
Athlete 1 Athlete 2
VO2 max. 63mL/kg/min 52mL/kg/min
Type II muscle fibres (gastrocnemius)
24% 75%
Type I muscle fibres (gastrocnemius)
76% 25%
Leg press 1 repetition maximum (RM)
220kg 300kg
Basedonthedata,justifywhichathleteislikelytoperformbetterin100mand200msprintevents. 3marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 18
SECTION B – Question 9–continued
Question 9 (11marks)Thelocalprimaryschoolistryingtoincreasethenumberofstudentswhoridetheirbikestoschool.
a. Theinitiativesthattheschoolhasimplementedarelistedbelow.
Identifythecomponentofthesocial-ecologicalmodelthateachinitiativeaddresses. 4marks
• Securebikeracksinstalledattheschool
• BikeeducationtaughtinGrades2,4and6
• Meetingpointsforstudentsenroutetoschool
• 40km/hrzoneinsurroundingstreets
b. Theschoolhasaddressedallfourcomponentsofthesocial-ecologicalmodelandyetmanystudentsdonotridetoschool.
Explain,withthreespecificexamples,howaninitiativethattargetsallfourcomponentsofthesocial-ecologicalmodelmaystillnotchangethebehaviourofanindividual. 3marks
19 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Theprincipaloftheschoolwouldliketodetermineiftherehasbeenanychangeinthephysicalactivitylevelsofthestudentsasaresultoftheinitiatives.Theprincipalhasaccesstopedometersanddirectobservationasmethodsofassessingthephysicalactivitylevelsofthestudents.
Critiqueeachmethodofassessmentbyoutliningtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofitsusewiththispopulationgroup. 4marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 20
SECTION B – Question 10–continued
Question 10 (8marks)Inagameofnetballtherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheenergyrequirementsofdifferentpositions.Allplayersonanetballcourtengageinshort,sharp,high-intensitymovementsthroughoutthegame.Thecentreplayerisallowedtomoveoverthewholecourt,exceptthegoalcircles.Aswellasmaintaininghigh-intensityeffortsthroughoutthegame,thecentreplayerisconstantlyonthemoveandhassignificantlyshorterperiodsofwalkingorstandingstillthanthegoalshooter.Thegoalshooterisonlyallowedwithinthegoalthirdandmusthavegoodspatialawareness.Comparedtothecentreplayer,thegoalshootercompletessimilarhigh-intensitymovementsbutspendsasignificantlygreateramountoftimewalkingorstandingstill.
a. Usingtheinformationgivenabove,discussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheenergyrequirementsofacentreplayerandagoalshooter. 5marks
21 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
b. Thefollowingskill–frequencytableshowstheskillsperformedbythegoalshooterinonequarterofagame.
Skill Frequency
passes• chest• overhead• shoulder
Total
10 4 519
rebounds 6
shotstaken 13
intercepts/steals 3
penalties 4
guards/defends 18
i. Outlinetwoexamplesofphysiologicalinformationthatcanbegainedfromdatacollectedinaskill–frequencytable. 2marks
ii. Chooseoneskillfromtheskill–frequencytableanddrawand/orexplainaresistancetrainingexercisethatcanbecompletedinthegymtoimprovethisskill. 1mark
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 22
SECTION B – Question 11–continued
Question 11 (10marks)Thermoregulationisparticularlyimportantinwarmclimatesascorebodytemperatureincreases.Fatigueismorelikelytooccurwhencorebodytemperaturereaches40°C.
a. Explainwhatoccursphysiologicallywhenaperson’scorebodytemperatureincreases. 3marks
DuringtheAustralianOpentennistournamentinJanuary,playersusedsuitablecoolingstrategiestohelpthemperformattheirbest.
b. Otherthandrinkingfluids,listtwostrategiesthattennisplayerscoulduseduringamatchtodecreasetheriskofdehydration. 2marks
c. Explainhowthepsychologicaleffectsofdehydrationcouldimpairatennisplayer’sperformance. 2marks
23 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
d. Atennisplayerwasevaluatingthebenefitsoftwodifferentpost-matchrehydrationstrategies:waterandisotonicsportsdrinks.
Assessbothstrategiesandsuggestthemostsuitablestrategyforthetennisplayerinthissituation. 3marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 24
SECTION B – Question 12–continued
Question 12 (10marks)Someathletesimproveperformancethroughblooddopingandtheuseoferythropoietin(EPO),bothofwhichareillegalpractices.
a. Usingthetablebelow,outlinetwosimilaritiesandtwodifferencesbetweenblooddopingandtheuseofEPO. 4marks
Similarities Differences
1. 1.
2. 2.
b. ExplainthephysiologicalbenefitofusingEPOforanenduranceathlete. 2marks
25 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. NameanalternativepracticethatislegalandoutlinehowitcouldprovidetheenduranceathletewithsimilarbenefitstoEPO. 2marks
d. UsingtheWorldAnti-DopingAgency(WADA)criteria,explainwhyyouranswerinpart c.isalegalpractice. 2marks
2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 26
SECTION B – Question 13–continued
Question 13 (6marks)
15
10
5
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 2 4 6
musclelactate
concentration(mmoles × kg/
wet weight)
ATP-CPdepletion
(mmoles × kg/ wet weight)
oxygen deficit (L) oxygen deficit (L)
Muscle metabolism during exercise
Source:JKarlsson,‘MuscleATP,CP,andLactateinSubmaximalandMaximalExercise’, inBPernowetal.(eds),Muscle Metabolism During Exercise,
PlenumPress,NewYork,1971,p.390
a. Attheonsetofexercise,oxygenconsumptiondoesnotincreasetoasteadystateimmediately.
Howistheenergyforexerciseproducedinthissituation?Usedatafromthegraphsabovetosupportyouranswer. 3marks
27 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
b. Trainedathletesareabletoachieveasteadystatemorerapidlythanuntrainedindividuals.
Otherthananincreaseintheoxidativeenzymes,whatarethreechronicadaptationstothemuscularsystemthatfacilitatetherateofreachingasteadystateforthetrainedathlete? 3marks