victory and tragedy in europe
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Victory and Tragedy in Europe. Turning the Tide in Europe. Operation Torch – Nov. 8, 1942: British & American forces under command of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower attack German forces in North Africa Battle of the Kasserine Pass – German counter offensive - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Victory and Tragedy in Europe
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Turning the Tide in Europe
• Operation Torch – Nov. 8, 1942: British & American forces under command of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower attack German forces in North Africa
• Battle of the Kasserine Pass – German counter offensive
• Axis forces surrendered North Africa in May of 1943
• July – August 1943: British and American armies attacked Sicily, Italy
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Turning the Tide in Europe
• Italian King & army forced Mussolini from power & negotiated peace with allies
• Germany occupied most of Italy while allied forces landed in Southern Italy
• Bitter fighting lasted until the surrender of Germany in 1945.
• Eastern Front: German offensive stopped at the Battle of Kursk in the Soviet Union
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Operation Overload
• D-Day: June 6, 1944 – major amphibious invasion at Normandy, France
• Allied forces landed 500,000 men and 100,000 vehicles within 2 weeks
• Break-through of the German line at St. Lo• This led to the encirclement of German army
at Falaise
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Operation Overload
• Germans lost 250,000 men• Allies liberated Paris on August 25th • Eastern Front: by end of 1944 – Red Army
entered the Balkans & reached central Poland
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Operation Overload
• Russians suffered over 20 million casualties (6000 Vista Murrietas, 195 Murrietas)
• Equivalent to the deaths of everyone in Nevada, New Mexico, West Virginia, Nebraska, Idaho, Hawaii, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Montana, Delaware, South Dakota, Alaska, North Dakota, Vermont and Wyoming
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Victory & Tragedy in Europe
• Allied air strikes – by end of 1944, bombing raids crippled German war production, transportation, and its economy
• Dresden – allied air raid using fire bombs destroyed the undefended city killing over 50,000 civilians
• Battle of the Bulge: Dec. 16, 1944 – Hitler attempted to break British and American lines by capturing the port city of Antwerp
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A pile of bodies awaits cremation after the firebombing of Dresden, February 1945
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City of Dresden, Germany, after an Allied bombing, February 1945
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Victory & Tragedy in Europe
• German offensive ran out of gas before it could reach the allied fuel supplies
• Collapse of German forces – allied armies crossed the Rhine River in March capturing the industrial center of Germany
• On April 25, 1945 – American and Soviet troops met at the Elba River
• On April 30 – Hitler committed suicide (Yay! Though 20 years too late.)
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Victory & Tragedy in Europe
• Berlin surrendered to the Soviets on May 2• VE Day (Victory in Europe Day) – May 8th:
Nazi state formally capitulated (unconditional surrender = no “stab in the back” myth)
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Holocaust
• “Final solution” to what Hitler saw as “the Jewish problem” – starting in 1942, Hitler’s SS began a campaign of genocide which focused on the elimination of the Jewish population in Europe.
• Death camps such as Auschwitz and Treblinka were used to murder over 6 million Jews and 1 million Poles, Gypsies, and others deemed inferior by the Nazis
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Berga Concentration Camp Survivors, 1945
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A pile of human remains at the site of Nazi concentration camp Majdanek, 1944, Lublin
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Corpses at Buchenwald, April 1945
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Corpses at Buchenwald, April 1945
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Einsatzgruppe A members shoot Jews on the outskirts of Kovno, 1941-1942
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Executions of Kiev Jews by German army mobile killing units, 1942
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Eyeglasses from Auschwitz prisoners, 1945
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German SS guards executed after the liberation of Dachau by Allied forces, 1945
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German woman forced to see death camps, 1945
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Mass Grave Bergen Belsen, May 1945
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Members of the Sonderkommando burning corpses on fires in pits at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, 1944
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Rows of bodies of dead inmates fill the yard of Lager Nordhausen, a Gestapo concentration camp, 1945
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Senator Alben W. Barkley views the evidence at first hand at Buchenwald concentration camp, April 1945
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The last Jew in Vinnitsa, 1941
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Three emaciated survivors liberated from Buchenwald, April 1945
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Ustaše militia execute prisoners at Jasenovac concentration camp
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Young German boy walks beside corpses of hundreds of prisoners from Bergen Belsen, April 20 1945
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Wedding Rings stolen From Buchenwald Inmates, May 5, 1945