Vietnam Vietnam ConflictConflict

The Anti-War Movement Arises

Anti-War MovementAnti-War MovementRITASNCCSDS

Black Panther PartyThe ResistanceThe Moratorium

Woodstock Festival

WHEN & WHERE WHEN & WHERE FORMED?FORMED?

1962: Port Huron, Mich

1968-69: all over the US

1966: Oakland, CA

1969, gained significant ground in 1970-71: Vietnam

Oct. 15, 1969: all over the U.S.

1960: Raleigh, NC

SDS

The ResistanceBPP

RITA

Moratorium

SNCC

WHO JOINED & FAMOUS LEADERS?WHO JOINED & FAMOUS LEADERS?

Students (K-college), work force adults, VN soldiers, int’l protesters

Followers of Malcolm X, minorities & white revolutionaries (in beginning): Huey Newton & Stokely Carmichael

College students and professors

College students, Bl & Wh Americans: John Lewis & Carmichael

Black soldiers influenced by BPP >> spread to all soldiers, specifically enlistees

Usually males - late teens & early 20s, college students

SDS

BPP

Resistance

RITASNCC

Moratorium

PURPOSE?PURPOSE? Educate about changing politics &

occurrences in war

Protest the war, save own lives

Freedom for minorities & working class – wanted revolutionary socialism

Show number who opposed war in all South East Asia through solidarity

Protest mandatory draft & involvement in VN

Promote desegregation using non-violence (work with SCLC), protested the war

SDS

RITA

BPP

MoratoriumResistance

SNCC

METHODS EMPLOYED?METHODS EMPLOYED? Sit-ins, public demonstrations, Freedom Rides

& Ballots, denounced war as racist

Teach-ins, strikes, demonstrations (20,000 ppl)

Refused to register for draft, burned cards

Stayed home from school & work, campus demonstrations, troops wore black arm bands, religious services, marched on Washington; internationally – met outside U.S. embassies

Mass organizing, community programs, militant self-defense

Underground newspapers, coffeehouse mtgs, fragging, refusal to obey orders, “search and avoid” missions, seized control of military prisons

SNCC

SDSResistance

Moratorium

BPP

RITA

END RESULT OF END RESULT OF ORGANIZATION?ORGANIZATION?

Over 2 million people participated in US

Disbanded when U.S. withdrew from war

Broke with SCLC over race issues, ejected white members, began to work with BPP, fell apart in late 1960s as lost leaders

Not united on ideas and tactics, internal disputes, disbanded in late 1960s

Investigations/attacks by FBI and arrests of leaders led to severe weakening and disintegration in 1980s

When draft ended, began to focus on U.S. withdrawal from war

Moratorium

RITA

SNCC

SDS BPP

Resistance

WOODSTOCK 120,000 expected 400,000 arrived Bethel, New York August 1969

Anti-War Anti-War MovementMovement RITA

Cause: Internal dissension and low morale

Coffeehouses as meeting places Printed underground newspapers Fragging: Refused to obey orders because…

SNCC Started by Martin Luther King, Jr. Integrated assistance with both

races Denounced war as racist Changed after Stokely Carmichael

took over Didn’t want White assistance

Anti-War MovementAnti-War Movement SDS

Young college students Started in Michigan 1st major student-led

demonstration (20,000 ppl)

Kent State Incident (May 4, 1970)

Anti-War MovementAnti-War Movement The Resistance

College students whorefused to register forthe draft

Burned their draft cards The Moratorium

Millions stayed home from work in protest

Soldiers wore black armbands to show support

Largest ever one day protest

http://www.vietnampix.com/hippie3b.htm“Soldiers and protesters take some time

off.   The anti-war movement was without a doubt an important part of the political

development in the US at the time.”

LBJ chose not to run for LBJ chose not to run for reelectionreelection

Middle of the night updates, death tolls, opposition at home...

Kent State Massacre Kent State Massacre (5/2/1970)(5/2/1970)

Riots downtown after troops to Riots downtown after troops to Cambodia Cambodia National Guard called in to campusNational Guard called in to campus student rxn: cleaned & peaceful protests student rxn: cleaned & peaceful protests but…ROTC building set on firebut…ROTC building set on fire

Kent State Massacre Kent State Massacre (5/2/1970)(5/2/1970) Not violent at first – put flowers in Not violent at first – put flowers in

riflesrifles People began to push against GuardsPeople began to push against Guards Guardsmen: tear gas 1Guardsmen: tear gas 1stst >bayonets>70 >bayonets>70 shots firedshots fired 4 students died; 1 paralyzed; 8 4 students died; 1 paralyzed; 8 woundedwounded