vietnam lecture2 aerosols
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
1/38
Jacek PiskozubInstitute of Oceanology PAS
Sopot, Poland
Ho Chi Minh City, December 2007
Lecture 2:
Marine aerosol source function:approaching the consensus
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
2/38
Jacek PiskozubHi Chi Minh City lectures, December 2007
Ecosystem approach to valuation of marine coasts: examples fromBaltic Sea (authored by J. M. Wsawski)
Marine aerosol source function: approaching the consensus
Ocean as the sink and source of climatically important gases
Air sea interaction in the global scale: from multidecadal variability toArctic Oscillation
Climate change threats, Part I: Changes in the climate of the tropic
Climate change threats, Part II: Arctic climate and global sea level
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
3/38
Air-Sea Interaction Laboratory, IOPAS, Sopot
Assoc Prof. Jacek Piskozub, D.Sc. - Head of the LaboratoryDr. Violetta DrozdowskaDr. Tomasz PetelskiDr. Tymon Zieliski
M. Sc. Agniesznka Ponczkowska (graduate student)M. Sc. Magda Dynakowska (graduate student)Eng. Mirosaw IrczukLongin Stojek
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
4/38
Andreas A review of sea spray generation function for the open ocean
Mechanisms of marine aerosol generation
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
5/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
6/38
Andreas A review of sea spray generation function for the open ocean
A proposition of getting closer to consensus:let's delete the outliers and all function that are not U3 dependant
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
7/38
Anguelova et al. (NRL) Effects of Environmental Variables in Sea Spray GenerationFunction via Whitecap Coverage
dF
dr=f U
10f r W U
10f r
Various whitecap coverage parametrizations
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Wind speed, U10 (m s-1
)
Whitecapcoverag
e,W(%)
Monahan '71Wilheit '79M&O'M '80 RBFM&O'M '80 OLSBondur&Sharkov'82 A
Bondur&Sharkov'82 BPandey&Kakar 82Monahan et al. '83Spillane et al'86 coldSpillane et al'86 moder.Spillane et al'86 warmM&O'M 86 dT=0 (neutral)
Bortk'87, A+B, coldBortk'87, A+B, moderBortk'87, A+B, warm
Wu '88Mon&Woolf'89, AMonhan '93 visc., AMonhan '93 visc., BAsher&Wann'98, AHanson&Phillips'99, no
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
8/38
R/V Oceania
Foto: Adam Blok
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
9/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
10/38Foto: Adam Blok
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
11/38
)]/()/([)()( 12*12 LzfLzfNzNzN
07.0/
0/07.0
/0
)/(2.125.0
/ln
/10/ln
)/(
3/1
Lz
Lz
Lz
Lz
Lz
LzLz
Lzf
zNzN )ln()( *
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
12/38
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
x 106
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
N[1/m3]
log(z)
all sizesN*log(z)+C0.5-1.01.0-1.51.5-2.02.0-2.5
0 5 10 15
x 106
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
N 1/m3
log(z
)
all sizesN*log(z)+C0.5-1.01.0-1.51.5-2.02.0-2.5
10
2
10
4
10
6
10
82
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3
log(z)
all sizN*log0.5-1.
1.0-1.1.5-2.
2.0-2.2.5-3.3.0-3.
3.5-4.4.0-4.
4.5-5.5.0-5.5.5-6.6.0-6.6.5-7.
7.0-7.
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
13/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
14/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
15/38
FE = A < dE > + B
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
r (0.65) = 0.873447max
r(2/3) = 0.873444
exponent
r
3/2
53
4
2
3dEaN
hadE
haNd
d
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
16/38
3/220`1
2/13/1
4/1
UaH
g
s
w
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
17/38
Summary
-Aerosol emission from open sea areas my be parameterised
with a linear function of dissipation energy in power 2/3
BUaHg
AFs
w
E
3/22
01
2/13/1
4/1
-Aerosol emission from Baltic sea surface
may be described as:
were: A=1.52 ; B=1.6 10-7
Problems to solve:
-Finding a parameterisation of emission
flux for different wave ages
-Verifying the parameterisation using
experimental wave data
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
18/38
Measurement stations of r/v "Oceania" in the Norwegian andGreenland Seas in recent summers
SGF for different win speed: comparison of our North Atlantic
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
19/38
0 1 2 3 4 5 610
1
102
103
104
105
106
Particle radius r [m]
Flux[m-2s-
1m
-1]
U = 10 m/sdry dep.AndreasSmithMonahan methodgradient aprox.
gradient data
0 1 2 3 4 5 610
1
102
103
10
4
105
106
U = 8 m/s
Particle radius r [m]
Flux[m-2s-
1
m-1]
dry dep.AndreasSmithMonahan methodgradient aprox.gradient data
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 810
0
101
102
103
104
105
106
U = 7 m/s
Particle radius r [m]
Flux[m-2s-
1m
-1]
dry dep.AndreasSmithMonahan method
gradient aprox.gradient data
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 810-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
U = 6 m/s
Particle radius r [m]
Flux
[m-2s-
1m
-1]
dry dep.Andreas
SmithMonahan methodgradient aprox.gradient data
SGF for different win speed: comparison of our North Atlanticdata (stars) and calculated functions to literature functions
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
20/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
21/38
Andreas 2007 (submitted to JGR)
How do we fit? 1/2
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
22/38
Andreas 2007 (submitted to JGR)
How do we fit? 2/2
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
23/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
24/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
25/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
26/38
Lewis E. (Brookhaven) Methods of Determining Sea Salt Aerosol Production Fluxand Their Applicability to Different Size Classes
Temperature effect?
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
27/38
Sea Spray Source Functions: influence oftemperature
5oC
-2oC
15oC
23oC
Lab experiments, Mrtensson et al., JGR 2003
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
28/38
The effect of salinity change on thenumber, and size of bubbles
produced from a bucket spillNote: The ordinate on theHigh Salinity plot iscompressed by a factorof 10 compared to the
ordinate on the fresh-water plot.
See Monahan, Q. Wang,X. Wang, and Wilson(1994).See also Carey,
Fitzgerald, Monahan,and Q. Wang (1993), andQ. Wang and Monahan(1995).
Monahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Production fromEstimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
29/38
Circumstantial Evidence thatOrganics on the Sea Surface can
Markedly Affect Aerosol ProductionNote in this figure fromWoolf and Monahan(1987, inAerosols and
Climate, P.V. Hobbsand M.P. McCormick,eds) the change inaerosol production withtime, and with the
presumed developmentof a surface slick in thetank.
0.25m < r < 2.5 m
r > 2.5 mMonahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Production fromEstimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
30/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
31/38
Power Law Expressions for theDependence of WA and WB upon U10
WB = U
Citation0.00044 2 Blanchard (1963)
0.0000135 3.4 ECM (1971)
0.000012* 3.3 ECM (1969)
0.00000775 3.23 Tang (1974)
0.00000200 3.75* Wu (1979)
0.00000155 3.75* Wu (1979)
0.0000017 3.75* Wu (1979)
0.00000295 3.52 ECM&IOM (1980)
0.00000384 3.41 ECM&IOM (1980)
0.0000195 2.55 w.T term M&OM(86)
xxxxxxxx 3.08 IOM&ECM (1986)
0.00000637 3.12 Wang (unpub.)
0.0000458 2.47* Wang (unpub.)
WA = U
Citation0.000000452 3.31 Wang (unpub)
0.00000263 2.90* Wang (unpub.)0.000000458 3.09 ECM et al
(1988)
0.000000316 3.2 ECM (2001)
Monahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Production fromEstimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
32/38
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
33/38
Anguelova et al. (NRL) Effects of Environmental Variables in Sea Spray Generation Function viaWhitecap Coverage
Alternative method: remote sensing of sea surfaceemissivity.
Same magnitude; Different spatial
features:
-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
Longitude
Lat
itude
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Whitecap coverage, W
March 1998 W U10
3
-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
Alt ti th d t i f f
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
34/38
Anguelova et al. (NRL) Effects of Environmental Variables in Sea Spray Generation Function viaWhitecap Coverage
Magnitude; Trend:
Suppression at highwinds;
Enhancement at
moderatewinds.
Variability!
Alternative method: remote sensing of sea surfaceemissivity. Validation with previous data
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
35/38
Turbulent fluxes: correlation eddy method (sonic anemometer)
O'Dowd C.E. et al. (Galway) Primary Marine Aerosol Turbulent Flux Measurements atMace Head
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
36/38
0 1 2 3 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
5x(cm)
100 200300 500 1000 200030005000
r(m)
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
(
# m
- 1 )
M
( M o
l
m - 1
)
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
MFit
3
~r-2.8
~r-2.4
-0
.9
~r
Plume bubbles: image anddistribution
Ira Leifer (Marine Science Institute, Goleta, CA) Bubble Plumes from Breaking
Waves during LUMINY
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
37/38
The next iteration: Whitecaps andBubble Plumes the gateleg table
Rather like the blind-folded person sizingup the elephant: The
acoustician graspsthe large, old,microbubbleplumes, while the
camera sees the newalpha plumes
Monahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Productionfrom Estimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage
-
8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols
38/38
Thank youfor attention