vietnam war-powerpoint 2. rule diem diem was viewed by many normal vietnamese as part of the best...
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Vietnam War-Powerpoint 2
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RULE
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Diem
• Diem was viewed by many normal Vietnamese as part of the best who had helped the French rule Vietnam.
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Summer of 1955
• Diem launched the “Denounce the Communists” campaign.
• Diem instituted a policy of the death penalty against any activity deemed communist in August 1956.
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1956
Insurgency in the
South
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Sino-Soviet
• The Sino-Soviet split led to a decrease in the influence of the PRC, which had insisted in 1954 that the Viet Minh accept a division of the country.
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1957
• Violence steadily increased after four hundred government officials were assassinated.
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January 1959
• The North’s Central Committee issued a secret decision authorizing an “armed struggle”.
– This authorized the southern communists to begin large-scale operations the South Vietnamese military.
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December 12th, 1960
• Hanoi authorized the creation of the National Liberation Front as a common front controlled by the communist party in the South.
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1961-1963
During John F. Kennedy’s
administration
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1960
• When John F. Kennedy won the 1960 United States presidential election, one major subject Kennedy raised was whether the Soviet space and missile programs had surpassed those of the U.S.
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June 1961
• In June 1961, John F. Kennedy resentfully disagreed with Soviet Nikita Khrushchev when they met in Vienna over key United States-Soviet issues. The Legacy of the Korean War created the idea of a limited war.
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• Guerrilla tactics employed by special forces such as the Green Berets would be effective in a “brush fire” war in Vietnam.
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1961
• The United States had 50,000 troops based in Korea.
• Kennedy faced a three-part crisis:– Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion.– The Construction of the Berlin Wall.– A negotiated settlement between the pro-
Western government of Laos and the Pathet Lao communist movement.
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May 1961
• Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson visited Saigon and willingly declared Diem the “Winston Churchill of Asia.”
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ARVN
• Army of the Republic of Vietnam– Corruption, bad leadership, and political
promotions all played a part in emasculating the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
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• Hanoi’s support for the NLF played a role, South Vietnamese governmental incompetence was at the core of the crisis.
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April 1962
• In April 1962, John Kenneth Balbraith warned Kennedy of the “danger we shall replace the French as a majestic force in the area and bleed as the French did.”
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1963
• In 1963 there were more than 16,000 American military recruits in South Vietnam.
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July 23rd, 1962
• Fourteen nations, including the Peoples Republic of China, South Vietnam, the Soviet Union, North Vietnam and the U.S., all signed a treaty promising the detachment of Laos.
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Military
Coup
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The Summer of 1963
• By the summer of 1963, the GVN (South Vietnam) was on the verge of political collapse.
• Diem’s brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, had raided the Buddhist pagodas of South Vietnam.– The Buddhist claimed that they had harbored
the communists that were creating the political insercurity.
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• The result of all this created huge protests in Saigon the led Buddhist monks to self-immolation.
– In September, the Buddhist protest had created such a disruption in the south that the Kennedy administration supported a coup.
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• In 1963, a few of Diem’s own generals in the ARVN approached the American Embassy in Saigon with plans to overthrow Diem.
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November 2nd, 1963
• With Washington’s implicit approval, Diem and his brother were captured and killed.
– 3 weeks later, John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
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• The continuing political problems in Saigon persuaded Lyndon Baines Johnson (the new president) that more aggressive action was needed.