Academic Year 2017/18

Course in

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERINGClass LM 20 – Aerospace and Astronautical Engineering

Academic Regulations

The Academic Regulations for this course are in two sections:

Content of the courseThis section describes the course and its objectives, and sets out the Prospectus.

General Regulations This section sets out the course regulations and the general regulations governing the academic career of all students

Academic Board (CAD) website for Aerospace Engineering

http://www.ingaero.uniroma1.it

Section I – Content of the course

Specific teaching objectives The Graduate Degree Course in Aeronautical Engineering takes the student to an advanced level of disciplinary and professional training and specific engineering skills, enabling them to address complex problems that require the analysis, development, simulation, and optimisation of the various components of a fixed or rotating-wing aircraft.The learning process focuses primarily on the most advanced investigative and design tools and on innovation in the aeronautics industry with particular reference to improved efficiency, weight reduction, and reducing chemical and noise pollution.These abilities build on the solid foundation of knowledge previously acquired in the Bachelor’s Degree Course. The two further years of the Graduate Degree Course deepen the same methodologies and applications.

Course Description

Year 1 is common to all the curricula. It consists of 6 modules worth a total of 54 CFU, during which knowledge is acquired in typical sectors of Aeronautical Engineering (Gas Dynamics, Aeronautical Structures, Flight Dynamics, Aircraft Engines) and in the basics of areas such as Control Systems that are not included in the 3-year Bachelor’s Degree Course.Year 2 offers two different curricula (organised as groups and chosen by the student): a disciplinary curriculum (APS: Aerodynamics, Propulsion, and Structures), and a thematic curriculum (SVTA: Flight Systems and Air Transport). Within each curriculum, the student chooses 5 modules worth a total of 30 credits.As an experiment, the course also offers a study pathway focussed on rotating wing aircraft. This includes the following subjects: Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design, Aeroelasticity, Vibration and Noise Control, Experimental Testing for Aerospace Structures (APS curriculum) and Helicopter Flight Mechanics (SVTA curriculum).At least 60% of the total hours available to the student are intended for personal study or other types of individual learning.The curriculum specifies that:- 85 CFU are reserved for basic, characterising, related, or additional activities and for further learning - 12 CFU are reserved for the optional subjects chosen by the student- 23 CFU are reserved for the Final Examination.The Graduate Degree Course in Aeronautical Engineering is part of an Italian-French network and is reciprocally recognised by the ISAE-SUPAERO in Toulouse. The requirements for obtaining reciprocal recognition are out in the agreement between Sapienza and ISAE-SUPAERO. For further information see the International exchange programs section of the Aerospace Engineering CAD website at (www . ingaero . uniroma1 . it ).

Occupational and professional opportunities for graduatesThere are career prospects for the aeronautical engineer in the advanced design, planning, programming, and management of complex systems in manufacturing or service companies, public bodies, or the profession. The most relevant professional profiles are:- designer and technical manager- product and product range manager- maintenance manager- specialist in one or more disciplines of the sector: aerodynamics, construction and structures,

flight mechanics and flight systems, propulsion, radar and telecommunications

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- certification or quality assurance officer.An aeronautical engineer can practice the profession in the following areas:- medium and large national and European manufacturers of aircraft, helicopters, engines, and

flight systems- small and medium manufacturers in the national and European aerospace supply chain- consulting firms - public and private research centres - airlines- aircraft maintenance companies- service companies and certification bodies - air traffic management and control agencies.The multidisciplinary knowledge and skills acquired in applying advanced technologies qualify the aeronautical engineer to work either within or outside the aerospace sector, wherever product and process innovation plays an important role. such as the automotive, shipbuilding, and process industries.The solid grounding acquired on this course also enables the graduate to progress to Masters and PhD programmes in Italy or elsewhere.

STUDY PLAN 2017/18The teaching is split into two alternative "Orientations": Aerodynamics, Propulsion, and Structures Flight Systems and Air Transport

YEAR 1 (academic year 2017/18)

SUBJECTS SHARED BY BOTH ORIENTATIONS Subject L SSD CFU Type Sem.

Gasdynamics IT ING-IND/06 9 B 1Aircraft Structures IT ING-IND/04 9 B 1Control systems EN ING-INF/04 9 C 1Aircraft Flight Dynamics IT ING-IND/03 9 B 2Aircraft Engines IT ING-IND/07 9 B 2Air Traffic Control IT ING-INF/03 9 C 2

YEAR 2 (academic year 2018/19)

CURRICULUM: AERODYNAMICS, PROPULSION, AND STRUCTURES

Subject L SSD CFU Sem. Tip. Pathway VenueOptional group (24 CFU)

Computational Aerodynamics IT ING-IND/06 6 1 B Aerodynamics SPV

Aeroelasticity EN ING-IND/04 6 1B Aerod./

Structures (Helicop.)

SPV

Aircraft aerodynamics and design EN ING-IND/06 6 1 B Aerod. (Helicop.) SPV

Combustion EN ING-IND/07 6 1 B Propulsion SPVAeroacustics EN ING-IND/06 6 2 B Aerod./Prop. SPVEnvironmental impact of aircraft engines EN ING-IND/07 6 2 B Propulsion SPVExperimental aerodynamics EN ING-IND/06 6 1 B Aerodynamics SPV

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Experimental testing for aerospace structures

EN ING-IND/04 6 1 B Structures (Elic.) SPV

Hypersonics IT ING-IND/06 6 2 B Aerodynamics SPVThermal and thermoelastic analysis of aerospace structures

IT ING-IND/04 6 2 B Structures SPV

Turbolence IT ING-IND/06 6 1 B Aerodynamics SPVFree choice subjects (6 CFU)

Aeroelasticity EN ING-IND/04 6 1 C Aerod./Strutture SPV

Aerospace materials EN ING-IND/22 6 2 C Structures /Prop. SPV

Noise and vibration control IT ING-IND/13 6 1 C Structures (Helic.) SPV

Nonlinear analysis of structures EN ICAR/08 6 2 C Structures SPV

CURRICULUM:FLIGHT SYSTEMS AND AIR TRANSPORT

Subject L SSD CFU Sem. Tip. Pathway VenueAir Traffic Control IT ING-INF/03 6 2 C SPV

Free choice subjects (6 CFU)Aircraft Guidance and Navigation IT ING-IND/03 6 2 B Flight Systems SPVHelicopter Flightt Mechanics IT ING-IND/03 6 1 B Flight

Systems(Helicop)SPV

Free choice subjects (6 CFU)

Aircraft aerodynamics and designEN ING-IND/06 6 1 B Air Transport/

Flight Systems(Helicop)

SPV

Environmental impact of aircraft engines

EN ING-IND/07 6 2 B Air Transport SPV

Aircraft Guidance and Navigation IT ING-IND/03 6 2 B Flight Systems SPV

Helicopter Flight Mechanics IT ING-IND/03 6 1 B Flight Systems (Helicop.)

SPV

Free choice subjects (12 CFU)Artificial Intelligence I EN ING-INF/05 6 1 C Flight Systems ARIAeronautical Electrical Systems IT ING-IND/33 6 1 C Air Transport SPVAirport Infrastructure IT ICAR/04 6 1 C Air Transport SPVRobust Control EN ING-INF/04 6 1 C Flight Systems ARIDigital Control Systems EN ING-INF/04 6 1 C Flight Systems ARIHuman factors EN MED/08 6 2 C Flight Systems SPV

OTHER SHARED ACTIVITIESAssessment CFU Activity type

Optional examinations chosen by the student

E 12 D

Other learning activities V 1 AAFFinal examination test 23 E

KeyIT: delivered in Italian; EN: delivered in English.Type of learning activity: A: basic, B: required, C: complementary, for completeness, D: chosen by thestudent, E: relates to the Final Examination, AAF: other types of learning activity (as per art. 10, paragraph. 1letter d), E: internship or apprenticeship.Assessment: E: examination, V: assessmentVenue: SPV via Eudossiana 18, ARI via Ariosto 25.

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Optional subjects chosen by the studentThe optional subjects chosen by the student (worth 12 credits) can either be subjects from this Course not already included in their personal Study Plan, or from the Graduate Courses in Aerospace and Astronautical Engineering, or related sectors taught on other graduate courses.This is subject to confirmation by the CAD that the chosen subjects are pertinent to the student’s study pathway.

Preparatory subjects

Before taking these examinations… ...the student must first pass:Environmental impact of aircraft engines Gasdynamics, Aircraft Engines

hypersonics Gasdynamics

TuitionFaculty tutoring support on this Course is provided by Renato Paciorri, Mauro Valorani, and Giuliano Coppotelli in their particular subject areas. The times at which they receive students are given on the course website.

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Section II – General Regulations

Admission requirements

Applicants for the Graduate Degree Course in Aeronautical Engineering must already hold a 3-year degree or an Italian or non-Italian qualification recognised as valid under current legislation, and must also meet specific requirements in relation to the curriculum and their personal background.

A) Applicants holding an Italian qualification awarded under the old system (DM 270/04 or DM 509/99)

Curricular requirementsa) For applicants whose weighted average of all the credits for their first degree, expressed

as marks out of 30, is at least 22/30 but less than 24/30, the curricular requirements are:- at least the minimum credits in the following disciplines (SSDs [subject areas]):

CFU SSD39 MAT/03-/05-/06-/07-/08, FIS/01, CHIM/07

25 ING-IND/08-/09/-10-/11-/13-/14-/15-/22-/31, ICAR/08, ING-INF/01-/02-/03-/04-/05

27 ING-IND/03-/04-/05-/06-/07

NB: applicants who do not meet these requirements must take individual examinations as may be assigned by the Admissions Board.

b) For applicants whose weighted average is at least 24/30 but less than 27/30, the curricular requirements are:- at least the minimum credits in the following disciplines (SSDs [subject areas]):

CFU SSD39 MAT/03-/05-/06-/07-/08, FIS/01, CHIM/0725 ING-IND/10-/11-/13-/15-/22-/31, ICAR/08, ING-INF/01-/02-/03-/04-/0527 ING-IND/03-/04-/05-/06-/07-/08-/09-/14

NB: applicants who do not meet these requirements must take individual examinations as may be assigned by the Admissions Board.

c) For applicants whose weighted average is at least 27/30, the curricular requirements are:- a Class L-9 (DM 270/04) degree in Industrial Engineering or Class 10 (DM 509/99)

degree in Industrial Engineering, or - at least the minimum credits in the following disciplines (SSDs [subject areas])::

CFU SSD39 MAT/03-/05-/06-/07-/08, FIS/01, CHIM/0742 any of the following: ING-IND, ING-INF/01-/02-/03-/04-/05181 ING-IND/03-/04-/05-/06-/07-/08-/09-/14

(1) out of the 42 for the previous group

NB: applicants who do not meet these requirements must take individual examinations as may be assigned by the Admissions Board.

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Applicants who match the requirements set out at b) and c) are advised to compare their personal curriculum against the Academic Regulations for the Degree Course in Aerospace Engineering and with the Syllabus (attached to these Regulations), and make their own adjustments as appropriate.

Applicants holding one of the following are automatically admitted:- a Class L-9 (DM 270/04) degree in Industrial Engineering awarded by Sapienza

University- a Class L-10 (DM 509/99) degree in Industrial Engineering awarded by Sapienza

University.

Previous educational attainmentsApplicants with a weighted average mark of at least 22/30 for their first degree are admitted. Applicants whose weighted average is less than 22/30 can apply to the Head of the Aerospace Engineering CAD for their educational background to be verified1, following which they may be examined by the Admissions Board.

B) Applicants holding a non-Italian qualification or an Italian qualification other than those awarded under the old system (DM 270/04 or DM 509/99) The Admissions Board will verify the applicant's previous educational attainments, curricular needs, motivations, and other factors for assessment as the applicant may submit, such as periods of study outside Italy, internships, and work experience. The Admissions Board may require the applicant to attend for interview.

Transfers from periods of study outside Italy, and procedures for verification thereofIf the applicant is transferring from another university, a different faculty of Sapienza, or another course, the CAD can recognise any credits already held. These should normally not be worth more than the SSDs (subject areas) given in the Prospectus [Manifesto degli studi], or if they are in SSDs not included in the Prospectus, more than 12 CFU.If an applicant holds credits acquired from studies, examinations, or academic qualifications taken outside Italy, in each case the CAD (as per the University Academic Regulations), will examine the programmes thereof and assign equivalent credits in subject areas that correspond.Courses previously taken at universities in other EU Member States, or non-EU countries, with which the Faculty of Engineering currently has agreements, projects, and/or conventions, are recognised in accordance with those agreements.Students can spend a period of study outside Italy as part of the LLP Erasmus programme, if authorised in advance by the CAD. For information about periods of study abroad see the International exchange programs section of the CAD website (www . ingaero . uniroma1 . it )If the applicant is no longer enrolled as a student the CAD may, if it so decides, and exclusively on the basis of the currently applicable regulations, approve their reinstatement and may wholly or partially recognise any credits they previously acquired.Information on how to transfer credits and have them validated or taken into account, is given in the Manifesto degli Studi (the University Prospectus), at the S tudents procedure section of the CAD website.

1 This procedure will not be accepted after the 2017/18 academic year.

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Readmitted studentsIf the applicant is no longer enrolled as a student the CAD may, if it so decides, and exclusively on the basis of the currently applicable regulations, approve their reinstatement and may wholly or partially recognise any credits they previously acquired.For the readmission procedure see the Manifesto degli studi (the University Prospectus), of the University.

Recognition of creditsPreviously acquired professional knowledge and skills that are recognised under current legislation, or were acquired in post-secondary school education courses devised and structured with university input, can be given recognition as credits by the CAD, normally as part of the 12 CFU attainable in the optional subjects chosen by the student. No more than 6 CFU can be recognised in this way.

Teaching methods Teaching methods are conventional and are divided into semesters. Classes take the form of lectures, classroom exercises, workshop activities, and group work, leaving the student sufficient time for personal study. Nominally the course lasts for 4 semesters spread over two years. Students who have already completed the course but have not been awarded the degree, or did not pass all the required examinations for admission to the Final Examination, are enrolled “fuori corso” (“outside the course”).

CreditsThe credits (CFU: Crediti Formativi Universitari) are a measurement of the amount of work completed by a student in pursuit of an educational objective. The student acquires credits either by passing examinations or if it is required, by obtaining validation. In accordance with the credits system in use by universities in Italy and the other EU Member States, 1 Italian credit equates to a time commitment of 25 hours on the part of the student, split between the collective learning prescribed by the University (e.g. lectures, exercises, workshop activities) and personal study. As required by Art. 23 of the Academic Regulations of the University, 1 Italian credit in the Aeronautical Engineering course equates to 8 hours of lectures, or to 12 hours of workshops or guided exercises. An information sheet for each subject is available on the CAD website, giving a breakdown of the credits and the number of teaching hours for the various activities, along with the admission requirements, teaching objectives, and programmes. The total workload required to successfully take the Degree is 120 CFU, equating to a time commitment of 3,000 hours on the part of the student. At least 60% of the student’s overall time commitment should be for personal study or other types of personal learning.

Teaching calendar Normally the programme is as follows: - Semester 1: late September - December- First Examinations Session: January- Second Examinations Session: February- Semester 2: late February - May- Third Examinations Session: June- Fourth Examinations Session: July- Fifth Examinations Session: September.

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The dates for the beginning and end of each semester or examination session are published online at www . ingaero . uniroma1 . it (Calendar Section). Learning periods must not overlap with examination periods, except for two special examination sessions that normally take place in October-November and March-April and are reserved for repeating students, students who are “outside the course”, and students who had ceased all attendance before the date of the examination session.

AttendanceAttendance is not obligatory except for the courses in Experimental Aerodynamics and Experimental Testing for Aerospace Structures.

Assessment methodsNormally, the student’s progress in any given subject is assessed by an examination (E), which can consist of oral and/or written tests devised by the tutor. Details of these are provided together with the course programme. For certain activities, instead of an examination there is an assessment of eligibility (V) that is also devised by the tutor.

Examination programmes and formatsThe programmes and assessment methods for each course can be consulted at the Corso di studio section of the website of the Aerospace Engineering CAD (www . ingaero . uniroma1 . it ).

The Personal Study PlanThe student’s Personal Study Plan must be approved by the CAD before the optional subjects chosen by them can be included on their List of Examinations. If not, the List of Examinations is cancelled. The CAD will specifically determine that the subjects chosen are appropriate for the student’s Personal Study Plan.Each student must submit their Personal Study Plan (see the “Percorso Formativo” [Study Plan] function of the Infostud service) at the start of Year 1 [indicatively during December - January, on specific dates that will be published from time to time on the Aerospace Engineering CAD website at (www . ingaero . uniroma1 . it ) (News section)].Only one Personal Study Plan is permitted per academic year. If the student wishes to make changes to their chosen curriculum or examinations, the Personal Study Plan cannot be resubmitted until November of the following year.

Yearly progressionTo progress to Year 2 the student must have acquired at least 27 credits for Year 1 subjects that they acquired before January 31 of the calendar year following the academic year in which they enrolled. Students who do not meet the requirements for progressing to the next year are enrolled as “repeating students”.

Examinations that can be brought forwardTo make up the learning load of 60 credits for Year 1, the student can bring forward to Year 1 one of the general subjects or one of the optional subjects for Year 2.Students enrolled to repeat Year 1 can apply to bring forward up to 2 subjects from Year 2 (respecting the order of the course) whose total worth comes to not more than the value of the credits they have already acquired. Credits for examinations brought forward are not considered when calculating the credits required for progressing to the next year.For details of how to bring subjects forward, see the Students procedure section of the CAD website.

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Part-time studyMatriculants, or enrolled students who have other personal commitments outside the University, can request to attend on a part-time basis, and consequently will plan to attain fewer credits per year than if attending full-time.Students who already know at the time of enrolling that they will have limited time to devote to study, or who are "outside the course", are advised to opt for part-time study. The terms, procedures, and regulations for applying for part-time study are set out in the General University Regulations at (http://www . uniroma1 . it/didattica/regolamenti/part-time ).

Excellence PathwaysThe Aerospace Engineering CAD offers an Excellence Pathway for each course, to further enhance the education of outstanding students who wish to deepen their methodological and practical studies of topics that interest them.The additional learning in the Excellence Pathway enhances the experience of students who have performed particularly well in Year 1.The requirements for applying to take the Excellence Pathway are:- acquisition of all the credits for Year 1 by 30 November- a weighted average mark of at least 27/30, and not less than 24/30 in any one examination.Students who take their degree within the time limits for the course and have also successfully completed the Excellence Pathway are awarded a monetary prize for the same amount as the university fees paid during the previous year, together with a special certificate that is added to their academic record.The conditions and methods for applying to take the Excellence Pathway, along with a downloadable application form, are given on the CAD website (STUDENTS / Excellence Pathways Section).

The Final ExaminationThe Final Examination consists of submitting a Dissertation and discussing it in a Colloquium before a specially convened Degree Examining Board. The Dissertation should describe the outcomes of theoretical, experimental, or design activity, or literature-based research, that addresses matters pertaining to the Course and must have been developed over a period of time that is appropriate for the credits assigned to it, under the guidance of a tutor who is a member of the Aerospace Engineering CAD, and who may do so in collaboration with public or private agencies, manufacturing and service companies, or research centres operating in the field that the Dissertation addresses. The Final Examination is worth 23 CFU and is based on the average of all the examination marks, the Dissertation, and the final Colloquium. The Degree Examining Board awards marks out of a total of 110. Full marks (110/110) with Honours can be awarded by majority vote of the Degree Examining Board.

InternshipsAs an alternative to the Final Examination, the student can undertake an internship of practical training, worth 23 CFU. At the time of securing approval for an internship two supervising tutors must be nominated, of whom one must be a university tutor from the relevant CAD, and the other must be active in industry. The final assessment of the results of the internship will be made by the academic tutor.

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Quality assessmentIn collaboration with the University, the Course gathers student feedback for all the subjects offered, as part of a quality assessment process. This is carried out by a self-assessment group consisting of tutors, students, and staff teaching the Course. The results of the feedback, and the analyses of the self-assessment group, are used to improve teaching quality.

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AttachmentThe SyllabusThe purpose of the Syllabus is to inform new students about the knowledge, skills and abilities required for embarking successfully on the Aeronautical Engineering study pathway, enabling them to check their personal educational background and make any adjustments as appropriate.

Mathematics and numerical methodsTrigonometry: trigonometric functions, Pythagorean theorem, angle transformation formulas, Euler’s formula.Analytic geometry: Cartesian coordinate systems, equations and curves, distances, angles, intersections of geometric objects. Tangent line and normal to a curve. Changes of coordinates.Mathematical Analysis: Limits, Continuity, differential calculus; integral calculus; sequences and series; partial and directional derivatives; vector-valued functions; definite, indefinite, and improper integrals; curved line integrals; multiple integrals; surface integrals; differential operators: gradient, Divergence, rotational; vector identities; theorems of Gauss, Green, and Stokes, divergence.Linear algebra: matrix calculation, systems of linear equations; eigenvalues and eigenvectors.Ordinary differential equations: first order linear and non-linear equations; second order linear equations, Euler equations; initial value problems.Numerical methods: methods for finding the roots of linear and non-linear algebraic equations, quadrature methods; free optimisation.Programming elements: any programming language (preferred: Matlab, Fortran, Mathematica).

ChemistryAtomic structure of matter; periodic properties of the elements; intermolecular and intramolecular chemical bonds; physical and chemical reactions and the energy content associated with them; chemical, ionic, and solubility equilibria; elements of chemical kinetics and electrochemistry; chemical fundamentals of corrosion.

Physical and Analytical MechanicsPhysical quantities, systems of measurement, and scientific method: measure theory, probability elements, errors.Classical mechanics of particles and rigid bodies: Newton’s laws, cardinal equations and principles of conservation.Macroscopic systems and principles of thermodynamics: temperature, heat, and the the first and second laws of thermodynamics.Force fields: gravitational field and electrostatic field.Basic laws of electromagnetism: Maxwell’s equations.Waves and vibrations: oscillations and propagation of elastic and electromagnetic waves.Analytical Mechanics and Lagrange’s equations.

Science of materialsMain classes of materials, properties, analytical reports selecting/dimensioning/treating materials in relation to the stress conditions and basic operating conditions. Crystalline and amorphous materials; deformability, viscoelasticity, recovery and recrystallisation, binary phase diagrams, Solid state diffusion. Mechanical and physical properties, metallic materials (steels, aluminium alloys, superalloys, notes on titanium and magnesium alloys), correlations between microstructure, properties and processes. Ceramics: mechanical testing and Weibull statistics. Thermal shock. Polymer and composite polymer matrix materials. Chemical degradation of materials: causes and prevention. Degradation due to wear, finishes. merit indices for the choice of materials.

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ElectrotechnicsAnalysis of electric circuits and networks: steady-state operating, sinusoidal periodic regime, voltage and current sources, single phase systems, three-phase systems.Electromechanical energy conversion. Principles of operation of electrical machines: transformers, motors, generators.Notes on the production, distribution, and use of electricity.

Applied Mechanics and DesignVelocity and acceleration analysis for planar mechanisms. Forces acting in a mechanical system and dynamic analysis. Exchange forces in the main types of friction device (brakes and clutches) and the main devices for transmission and transformation of motion (mechanisms, flexible, gears, gearing). Mechanical characteristics of working and drive machines; behavior of systems consisting of a motor coupled in direct drive or via a reduction gear and/or a friction clutch. Single degree of freedom vibrating systems. Multiple degree of freedom vibrating systems.Understanding technical design and the related ISO regulations. Basic concepts of solid modelling.

Mechanics of solidsKinematics and statics of deformable continua: descriptors of motion and deformation, descriptors of internal forces (stress), conservation laws, constitutive relations and linear elastic solids. The Saint-Venant problem. Structural analysis of beam systems: loading diagrams (shear force, bending moment and deflection).

TelecommunicationsDescription of signals in the time and frequency domain; transit of signals in systems; thermal noise. Principles of analogue and digital modulation/demodulation. Operating principles of radar remote sensing for surveillance and imaging applications. Radio connection: propagation through free space and basic characteristics of transceivers.

Aerodynamics:Basic concepts of fluid dynamics: Flow equations in integral and differential form.Irrotational incompressible flows: Kelvin’s and Helmholtz’s theorems, the Bernoulli Equation, elementary and superimposed solutions.Airfoils: profile classification and characteristics, high-lift wings and devices to increase lifting capacity; the Kutta Joukowski theorem; lift generation; thin airfoil theory, finite wing theory, induced drag.Viscous flows: laminar boundary layer over a flat plate, boundary layer separation, notes on turbulence and transition.Introduction to compressible flows: compressibility of a fluid, speed of sound; stationary two-dimensional flows, isentropic flows, normal shock.

Mechanics and systems of flightPhysical properties of the atmosphere, reference atmosphere, pressure altitude; equivalent speed, calibrated and indicated.Aircraft classification. Configuration and architecture of fixed-wing aircraft; control surfaces. Main instruments: altimeter, ASI, VSI, turn and slip indicator. Aerodynamic angles. Basic propeller theory.Performance analysis: polar curve of an aircraft, power and thrust available and power and thrust required, takeoff and landing, ascent and descent, consumption and autonomy, banked turning and straightening out. Centreing, load factor and maneuvering envelope. General principles of the main onboard systems of commercial aircraft: flight control, engine control, environmental control, fuel system, hydraulic system, pneumatic system.

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PropulsionFundamentals of thermochemistry. Fundamentals of heat transmission. Thermodynamic cycles: Carnot, Brayton, Diesel, Otto. Cycles for gas turbine engines. Parameters of aero engine performance. Air intakes and propulsion nozzles of aircraft engines. Combustion chambers and post-combustion chambers. Internal combustion aircraft engines.

StructuresStress and strain: equilibrium equations, constitutive relations for linear elastic solids, kinematic bond deformation deflection, compatibility equations, state of stress and plane deformation (the Airy function).Aircraft structures: aircraft load scenarios and manouvre diagrams. General characteristics of aeronautical structures and materials: primary structural elements (axial members, shear panels, bending and torsion elements), load transfer in fuselage and wing structures, metallic and composite materials. Shear flow in thin-walled structures. Buckling of beams. Breaking criteria. Structural dynamics: free and forced vibration of discrete systems. Damping and resonance.

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