Crurotarsi

Crurotarsans are some pretty amazing animals, having occupied almost every major ecological niche during the Triassic Period, a time that lasted almost 50 million years (251 Ma to 201.6 Ma). They still survive today as crocodiles, alligators, and their relatives but are nowhere near as diverse and impressive as their ancestors.

Named by Paul Sereno in 1991, Crurotarsi means "cross-ankles" based on the way their ankles articulate compared to their sister taxon, Avemetatarsalia (Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs, etc).

Although the taxonomy is still disputed some of the groups that make up this clade include Phytosaurs, Aetosaurs, Rauisuchians, Poposaurids, and Crocodylomorphs.

http://forgottenarchosaurs.blogspot.com/http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/herpetology/crurotarsans/http://rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/v1001/10.html

ARCHOSAURIA

M90464†Nicrosaurus

M90465†Aetosaurus

M90466†Lotosaurus

M90467†Postosuchus

M90468†Riojasuchus

M90469†Sauropodomorpha

Project 552: Brusatte, S. L., M. J. Benton, J. B. Desojo, and M. C. Langer. 2010. The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda: Diapsida). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1):3-47.

Crown group Archosauria, which includes birds, dinosaurs, crocodylomorphs, and several extinct Mesozoic groups, is a primary division of the vertebrate tree of life. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Archosauria are poorly resolved and controversial, despite years of study. The phylogeny of crocodile-line archosaurs (Crurotarsi) is particularly contentious, and has been plagued by problematic taxon and character sampling. Recent discoveries and renewed focus on archosaur anatomy enable the compilation of a new dataset, which assimilates and standardizes character data pertinent to higher-level archosaur phylogeny, and is scored across the largest group of taxa yet analysed. This dataset includes 47 new characters (25% of total) and eight taxa that have yet

to be included in an analysis, and total taxonomic sampling is more than twice that of any previous study. This analysis produces a well-resolved phylogeny, which recovers mostly traditional relationships within Avemetatarsalia, places Phytosauria as a basal crurotarsan clade, finds a close relationship between Aetosauria and Crocodylomorpha, and recovers a monophyletic Rauisuchia comprised of two major subclades. Support values are low, suggesting rampant homoplasy and missing data within Archosauria, but the phylogeny is highly congruent with stratigraphy. Comparison with alternative analyses identifies numerous scoring differences, but indicates that character sampling is the main source of incongruence. The phylogeny implies major missing lineages in the Early Triassic and may support a Carnian-Norian extinction event

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14772010903537732 .

Key words

Crocodylomorpha , Crurotarsi , Dinosauria , Mesozoic , rauisuchians , Triassic

http://rainbow.ldeo. columbia.edu/courses /v1001/10.html

…..great many examples of Archosauriformes have been found in the Newark Supergroup and the Chinle Group. To put these forms into context we need to look (again) at the cladogram (see right) of basic amniote relationships and specifically relationships within the Archosauriformes.

As described before, the Archosauriformes have the shared derived character of an antorbital fenestra (see left; 1).

A good representative is Euparkeria who you have seen in previous lectures. Euparkeria lacks specializations that bar it from the ancestry of the archosaurs (3). Almost all of the Archosauriformes from the Newark and Chinle, however, belong to a more advanced sub-group within.

The archosaurs

have the shared derived character of the loss of teeth on the palate (2). They consist of crocodilians and birds and all of the descendants of that common ancestor (such as dinosaurs in general).

Archosaurs can be divided into two groups: the Ornithodira and the Crurotarsi, with shared derived conditions of the ankles being the most important characters. Ankle types within the Archosauriformes fall into three broad categories. First the primitive condition in which the ankle beds at several places in a rather flexible and loose way. The second type is a derived condition called crurotarsal in which the two major bones of the ankle (the astragulus and calcaneum) form a hinge joint (4 above). Usually the calcaneum develops a large backward heel not unlike our own. Crocodiles have this kind of ankle. The third form is another derived form in which a roller-type hinge develops between the astragalus plus the calcaneum and the distal tarsals or metatarsals (5 above). This is called a mesotarsal joint and it is the type seen in birds and other dinosaurs.

Crurotarsi

The Crurotarsi (with their shared derived crurotarsal ankle [1 below]) are divided into three groups: the Phytosauria, the Ornithosuchia, and the Suchia.

Phytosauria

The primitive phytosaur Paleorhinus from the Malari Formation of India. Based on Chatterjee (1978).

Skull of juvenile phytosaur from the Newark basin (Newark Supergroup), North Bergen, NJ.

Skull of phytosaur as found from the Fundy basin (Newark Supergroup), Digby, Nova Scotia, Canada.

The Phytosauria have the shared derived character of an elongated snout with nostrils that have moved posteriorly (like in a whale) (7). They were very common semiaquatic forms extremely convergent on modern crocodiles in their overall habitus. They can at once be distinguished from crocodiles by the nostrils, which are located towards the rear of the snout, often just in front of the eyes. Rutiodon is a common example from the Newark and the Chinle. They became extinct at the end of the Triassic.

Discovery of a phytosaur skull in the Chinle Group, Petrified Forest National Park. Kevin Padian, leader of the expedition is on right. The phytosaur skull is the black rubble they are staring at.

Manus and pes impression of a phytosaur (the track is called Apatopus), from the Newark Supergroup, Newark basin, Oaks, PA.

The Ornithosuchia were fairly robust carnivores with a large head. They have the shared derived condition of a large diastema (gap in the tooth row) between the premaxilla and the maxilla (6, above; d in figure below). They are known from only a few skeletons, mostly from England, such as Ornithosuchus. They had a tendency to develop small forelegs and probably some degree of bipedalism.

Ornithosuchus, based on Walker (1964).

The Suchia The Suchia have the shared derived character of a reduced and triangular lower temporal

opening (2). Three groups comprise the Suchia: 1) the Rauisuchia; 2) the Aetosauria; and 3) the Crocodylomorpha. The Rauisuchia were the largest and fiercest of the carnivores of the Triassic. Some species became gigantic with some forms having skulls more than a meter long. Their shared derived character is a slit between the premaxilla and maxilla (5). For the

most part they remained quadrupedal. Postosuchus from the Chinle Group and the Newark Supergroup of North Carolina is an example.

Skeleton of Postosuchus, after Long and Muray (1996).

Skull of Postosuchus; after Long and Muray (1996).

The skull of Postosuchus clearly shows the triangular lower temporal fenestra that is the shared derived character of the Suchia, as well as the slit between the maxilla and premaxilla that is the shared derived character of the Rauisuchia. Abbreviations are - a, antorbital fenestra; lt, lower temporal opening; o, orbit.

The foot of Postosuchus clearly has a crurotarsal ankle that can be seen on the photograph to the right. Abbreviations are: c, calcaneum; f, fibula; t, tibia. In this particular individual, the calcaneum and astragalus have fused together because of arthritis. There are also several bony outgrowths on the phalanges that were probably quite painful in life.

Foot of Postosuchus from North Carolina

The Aetosauria were herbivorous armored forms. They have a pig-like snout and peg-like teeth. Their shared derived character is the heavy coat of armor covering the back (3). Desmatosuchus from the Chinle and Stegomus from the Newark of New Jersey and Connecticut is a good example.

The Crocodylomorpha are by far the most diverse forms and are still with us today. The shared derived character for the group is to have a pair of very elongated carpal bones (the radiale and ulnare [4]). These probably act to add an extra joint to the fore leg increasing its swing. Triassic crocodylomorphs were very graceful, slender forms - more reminiscent of a greyhound than a true crocodile. Some modern crocodiles such as one form from Australia can still move very quickly and can even run in a full gallop [fig]. This was almost certainly true of the Triassic forms. It was not until after the extinction of the phytosaurs at the end of the Triassic that the crocodylomorphs evolved into crocodiles of modern aspect, although fully terrestrial forms persist into the Cretaceous. Some Triassic (and later) forms even evolved into herbivorous forms and forms with very mammal-like teeth.

Dwarf West African Crocodile in a highwalk mode of locomotion.

Erpetosuchus originally from Scotland and recently found in the Newark Supergroup of Connecticut is an example of one of these early, terrestrial crocodylomorphs. On the right, "a" is the skull of Erpetosuchus from Connecticut, and "b" is the skull from Scotland (based on Olsen et al., in prep.). Scale is 5 mm.

Reconstruction of a galloping Erpetosuchus.

IV. Ornithodira The Ornithodira are the bird-like archosaurs and they include dinosaurs, pterosaurs and incompletely known forms. As stated before their shared derived characteristic is a mesotarsal ankle.

The Pterosauria are the most completely known of the non-dinosaurian

ornithodirans to arise in the Triassic. Their earliest appearance is from the Late Triassic of northern Italy, Germany, and Greenland.

Their shared derived character is the very elongate finger that supports a wing. We will look at them in more detail in the next lecture.

Another early ornithodiran is Lagosuchus, known from several partial skeletons from the Ischigualasto Formation. It is a small lightly built animal with very long legs.

Reconstruction of the skeleton of Lagosuchus, after Paul (1988). The brown color indicates the distribution of light armor and the manus is not preserved in the existing material (green).

Pelvis of Lagosuchus; after Arcucci (1996).

Crurotarsi

Phytosauria (Onderorde) Familie Phytosauridae Ornithosuchida (Onderorde) Familie Ornithosuchidae Pestosuchidae (Familie) Pestosuchus (Soort) zie afb. hierboven Rauisuchia (Onderorde) Families: Poposauridae; Rauisuchidae Aetosauria (Onderorde) Families: Aetosauridae; Stagonolepididae Crocodylomorpha (Superorde)

http://tsjok45.wordpress.com/2012/12/28/krodillen/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crurotarsans

List of crurotarsansFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of crurotarsans is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the clade Crurotarsi, excluding purely vernacular terms. Under some definitions Crurotarsi includes all archosaurs, but this list excludes archosaur genera that are included in Avemetatarsalia (pterosaurs, nonavian dinosaurs, and birds). The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered crurotarsan. Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†). The list contains 527 names, of which approximately 422 are considered either valid crurotarsan genera or nomina dubia.

Scope and terminologyThere is no official, canonical list of crurotarsan genera, but one of the most thorough attempts can be found on the Crurotarsi section of Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive. That list has been supplemented with the Paleofile listing for Crocodylomorpha.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

Junior synonym : A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.

Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen. In this case, these nomina nuda will be deleted from this list in favor of the published name.

Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.

Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. This can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation and is to be used cautiously.

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also

A †Acaenasuchus †Acherontisuchus †Acompsosaurus †Acynodon †Adamanasuchus †Adamantinasuchus †Adzhosuchus †Aegisuchus †Aegyptosuchus †Aeolodon — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Aetobarbakinoides †Aetosauroides †Aetosaurus †Aggiosaurus †Aigialosuchus †Akanthosuchus †Aktiogavialis †Albertochampsa †Aldabrachampsus

An American Alligator.

Alligator †Alligatorellus †Alligatorium †Allodaposuchus †Allognathosuchus †Amargasuchus †Amphicotylus †Anatosuchus †Angistorhinopsis — junior synonym of Nicrosaurus †Angistorhinus †Anglosuchus

†Anteophthalmosuchus †Arambourgia †Arambourgisuchus †Araripesuchus †Archaeosuchus — preoccupied by a synapsid, renamed Protosuchus †Arenysuchus †Arganarhinus †Arganasuchus †Argentinosuchus — junior synonym of Stagonolepis †Argochampsa †Arizonasaurus †Armadillosuchus [1] Aromosuchus — junior synonym of Paleosuchus †Arribasuchus — junior synonym of Pseudopalatus †Artzosuchus †Asiatosuchus †Atacisaurus — junior synonym of Pristichampsus †Atlantosuchus †Atoposaurus †Australosuchus †Ayllusuchus

B †Baharijodon †Balanerodus †Barberenasuchus †Barcinosuchus †Barinasuchus [2] †Baroqueosuchus — junior synonym of Protosuchus †Barreirosuchus †Baru †Baryphracta

An artist's re-creation of an Batrachotomus kupferzellensis

†Basutodon †Batrachotomus †Baurusuchus †Belodon †Bergisuchus †Bernissartia

†Bombifrons — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Borealosuchus †Bottosaurus †Boverisuchus — junior synonym of Pristichampsus †Brachychampsa †Brachygnathosuchus †Brachysuchus †Brachytaenius — junior synonym of Geosaurus †Brachyuranochampsa †Brasileosaurus †Bretesuchus †Brillanceausuchus †Bromsgroveia †Bystrowisuchus

C Caiman

A Yacare caiman (Jacaré) from Brazil.

†Caimanoidea — junior synonym of Alligator †Caimanoideus — lapsus calami of Caimanoidea †Caimanoeda — lapsus calami of Caimanoidea †Caimanosuchus — junior synonym of Diplocynodon Caigator — junior synonym of Alligator †Caipirasuchus †Calsoyasuchus †Calyptosuchus †Campinasuchus †Candidodon †Capellineosuchus — misspelling of Capelliniosuchus †Capelliniosuchus — once thought to be a metriorhynchid, now known to be a

mosasaur †Carandaisuchus †Caririsuchus †Caryonosuchus †Centemodon †Ceratosuchus †Cerrejonisuchus Champsa — referred to both Alligator and Caiman

†Champse — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Charactosuchus †"Chasmatosuchus" — preoccupied by a proterosuchid archosaur, referred to

Jaikosuchus †Chatterjeea — junior synonym of Shuvosaurus †Chenanisuchus †Chiayusuchus †Chilenosuchus †Chimaerasuchus †Chrysochampsa †Cladeiodon — possible senior synonym of Teratosaurus †Clarencea †Coahomasuchus †Coburgosuchus — junior synonym of Nicrosaurus †Coelosuchus †Collilongus [3] †Colossoemys †Comahuesuchus †Congosaurus †Coringasuchus [4] †Cricosaurus †Crocodilaemus Crocodylus †Ctenosauriscus Ctenosaurus — preoccupied by extant iguanid, referred to Ctenosauriscus †"Cunampaia" — a nomen dubium; originally considered a phorusrhacid bird,

probably a mesoeucrocodylian †Cynodontosuchus Cynosuchus — junior synonym of Caiman †Cystosaurus

D †Dacosaurus — lapsus calami of Dakosaurus †Dakosaurus

An artist's reconstruction of Dakosaurus andiniensis.

†Dakotasuchus †Dasygnathus — synonym of Ornithosuchus †Decuriasuchus

†Deinosuchus †Denazinosuchus †Desamatosuchus — lapsus calami of Desmatosuchus †Desmatosuchus †Dianchungosaurus †Dianosuchus †Dibothrosuchus †Dinosuchus †Diplocynodon †Diplocynodus — junior synonym of Diplocynodon †Diplosaurus †Dolichobrachium †Dolichochampsa †Dollosuchoides †Dollosuchus †Dongusia †Dongusuchus †Doratodon †Doswellia †Dromicosuchus †Duerosuchus †Dyoplax †Dyrosaurus †Dzungarisuchus

E †Ebrachosaurus †Ebrachosuchus — possible junior synonym of Paleorhinus †Edentosuchus †Effigia

An artist's reconstruction of Elosuchus.

†"Eleiosuchus" — nomen nudum, referred to Elosuchus †Elosuchus †Enaliosuchus — junior synonym of Cricosaurus †Energosuchus †Engyomasaurus — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Entradasuchus †Eoalligator †Eocaiman †Eocenosuchus — junior synonym of Diplocynodon

†Eogavialis †Eoneustes †Eopneumatosuchus †Eosuchus †Eothoracosaurus †Episcoposaurus — junior synonym of Typothorax †Eremosuchus †Eridanosaurus — originally described as a crocodilian, but actually a rhinocerotid [5]

[6] †Erpetosuchus †Erythrochampsa †Euscolosuchus †Euthecodon †Eutretauranosuchus

F

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also

†Fasolasuchus †Fenhosuchus †Ferganosuchus †Francosuchus — junior synonym of Paleorhinus †Fruitachampsa

G †Galtonia — probable junior synonym of Revueltosaurus †Gasparinisuchus †Gavialinum

A Gavial from India.

Gavialis †Gavialosuchus †Geosaurus †Gilchristosuchus †Glaphyrorhynchus — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Gobiosuchus †Goniopholis †Gracilineustes

†Gracilisuchus †Gryposuchus †Guarinisuchus

H

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also

†Hadongsuchus †Haematosaurus Halcrosia — junior synonym of Osteolaemus †Halilimnosaurus — junior synonym of Geosaurus †Hallopus †"Halticosaurus" †Hamadasuchus †Harpacochampsa †Hassiacosuchus †Heliocanthus — possible junior synonym of Rioarribasuchus †Helmstedtisuchus — actually a teleost fish †Hemiprotosuchus †Heptasuchus †Hesperogavialis

An artist's reconstruction of Hesperosuchus .

†Hesperosuchus †Heterodontosuchus †Heterosuchus †Hispanochampsa †Holops — preoccupied by a brachyceran fly, renamed Holopsisuchus †Holopsisuchus — junior synonym of Thoracosaurus †"Hoplitosaurus" — preoccupied by the ankylosaurian dinosaur Hoplitosaurus; now

known as Hoplitosuchus †Hoplitosuchus †Hoplosuchus †Hsisosuchus †Hylaeochampsa †Hyposaurus †Hypselorhachis

[edit] I

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also

†Iberosuchus †Ichthyosuchus — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Iharkutosuchus †Ikanogavialis †Ilchunaia †Ischyrochampsa †Isisfordia †Isselosaurus — referred to both Iberosuchus and Tomistoma †Itasuchus

An artist's reconstruction of Itasuchus.

J

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also

Jacare — junior synonym of Caiman Jacaretinga — referred to both Caiman and Paleosuchus †Jaikosuchus †Junggarsuchus †Jushatyria

K

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z — See also

†Kambara †Kansajsuchus †Kaprosuchus †Karamuru †Karatausuchus †Kayentasuchus †Kemkemia †Kentisuchus †Khoratosuchus †Kladeisteriondon — junior synonym of Teratosaurus †Krabisuchus †Kyasuchus

L †Labidiosuchus †Laganosuchus †Langstonia [2]

†Leidyosuchus †Leiokarinosuchus †Leptocranius — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Leptorrhamphus †Leptosuchus †Lesothosuchus — junior synonym of Protosuchus †Lianghusuchus †Libycosuchus †Limnosaurus — junior synonym of Pristichampsus †Lisboasaurus †Listrognathosuchus †Litargosuchus †Ltliminosaurus — junior synonym of Geosaurus †Lomasuchus †Longosuchus †Lorosuchus †Lotosaurus

An artist's reconstruction of Lotosaurus.

†Lucasuchus †Luperosuchus †Lusitanisuchus †Lythrosaurus — lapsus calami of Lythrosuchus †Lythrosuchus — junior synonym of Poposaurus

M †Macelognathus †Machaeroprosopus †Machimosaurus †Macrospondylus — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Macrorhynchus — junior synonym of Pholidosaurus †Mahajangasuchus †Malawisuchus †"Mandasuchus" — nomen nudum, probable synonym of Ticinosuchus †Manracosuchus — probable junior synonym of Allognathosuchus †Mariliasuchus †Marmosaurus †Maroccosuchus †Massaliasuchus Mecistops †Megadontosuchus

†"Megalosaurus" †Mekosuchus Melanosuchus

A Black caiman (Melanosuchus).

†Melitosaurus — junior synonym of Tomistoma †Menatalligator †Meridiosaurus †Mesorhinosuchus — junior synonym of Paleorhinus †Mesorhinus — junior synonym of Paleorhinus †Metiorychus — lapsus calami of Metriorhynchus †Metriorhynchus †Metriorrhynchus — lapsus calami of Metriorhynchus †Miadanasuchus †Microchampsa †Microsaurus — lapsus calami of Microsuchus †Microsuchus Molinia — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Montealtosuchus †Montsecosuchus †Morrinhosuchus †Mosellaesaurus — junior synonym of Pelagosaurus †Motinia — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Mourasuchus †Musturzabalsuchus †Mycterosuchus — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Mystriosaurus — junior synonym of Steneosaurus †Mystriosuchus

N †Nannosuchus †"Narynsuchus" †Navahosuchus — probable lapsus calami of Navajosuchus †Navajosuchus †Necrosuchus †Neoaetosauroides †Neptunidraco †Nettosuchus — junior synonym of Mourasuchus †Neustosaurus — possible senior synonym of Cricosaurus

†Neuquensuchus †Nicrosaurus †Nominosuchus †Nordenosaurus †Nothochampsa — lapsus calami of Notochampsa †Notocaiman †Notochampsa

An artist's reconstruction of Notosuchus terristris.

†Notosuchus

†Oceanosuchus †Ocepesuchus Oopholis — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Ornithosuchus †Orthogenysuchus †Orthosuchus Osteoblepharon — junior synonym of Osteolaemus

A Dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus) from west Africa.

Osteolaemus †Oweniasuchus †Oxysdonsaurus

P †Pabwehshi †Pachycheilosuchus †Pachysuchus — currently considered to be a sauropodomorph dinosaur[7] †Pakasuchus †Paleorhinus †"Paleosaurus"

Paleosuchus Palinia — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Pallimnarchus †Paralligator — junior synonym of Shamosuchus †Parasuchus †Paratomistoma †Paratypothorax †Parringtonia †Parrishia †Parussaurus — lapsus calami of Purussaurus †Pedeticosaurus †Pehuenchesuchus †Peipehsuchus †Peirosaurus †Pekinosaurus — probable junior synonym of Revueltosaurus

An artist's reconstruction of Pelagosaurus typus.

†Pelagosaurus †Pelagosuchus — probable lapsus calami of Pelagosaurus †Penghusuchus †Pepesuchus Perosuchus — junior synonym of Caiman †Petrosuchus — chimera of material from Goniopholis simus (lower jaw) and

Pholidosaurus purbeckensis (cranium)[8] Philas — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Phobosuchus — junior synonym of Deinosuchus †Pholidosaurus †Phosphatosaurus †Phyllodontosuchus †Phytosaurus †Pietraroiasuchus †Pinacosuchus †Piscogavialis †Pissarrachampsa †Planocrania †Platyognathus †Platysuchus †Plerodon — junior synonym of Diplocynodon †Plesiosuchus †Pliogonodon — possible synonym of Deinosuchus †Polonosuchus †Polydectes — synonym of Deinosuchus †Poposaurus †Postosuchus

†Pravusuchus †Prestosuchus †Pristichampsus †Procaimanoidea †Procerosuchus †Prodiplocynodon †Promystriosuchus— junior synonym of Paleorhinus †Protome †Protosuchus †Pseudhesperosuchus †Pseudopalatus †Pterosuchus [9] — lapsus calami of Petrosuchus †Purranisaurus

An artist's reconstruction of Purussaurus.

†Purussaurus Pyrenodon — junior synonym of Tomistoma

Q

An artist's reconstruction of Qianosuchus

†Qianosuchus †Quinkana

R †Rauisuchus †Redondasaurus †Redondasuchus †Redondavenator †Revueltosaurus †Rhabdognathus †Rhabdosaurus — junior synonym of Rhabdognathus †Rhacheosaurus †Rhadinosaurus — possible junior synonym of Doratodon †Rhamphosuchus Rhynchosuchus — junior synonym of Tomistoma †Rileyasuchus

†Rimasuchus †Rioarribasuchus — possible junior synonym of Heliocanthus †Riojasuchus †Rugosuchus

An artist's reconstruction of Rutiodon.

†Rutiodon

S †Saltoposuchus †Sajkanosuchus †Sarcosuchus †Saurocainus — junior synonym of Diplocynodon †Saurosuchus †Scythosuchus †Sebecus †Sebecosuchus — lapsus calami of Sebecus [2] †Shamosuchus †Shantungosuchus †Shartegosuchus †Shuvosaurus †Siamosuchus †Sichuanosuchus †Sierritasuchus †Sillosuchus †Simosuchus †Simptosuchus — lapsus calami of Symptosuchus †Sinosaurus — currently considered to be a theropod dinosaur †Siquisiquesuchus †Smilodon — preoccupied by a saber-tooth cat, referred to Zanclodon †Smilosuchus †Sokotosaurus — junior synonym of Hyposaurus †Sokotosuchus †Sphagesaurus †Sphenosuchus †Spinosuchus †Spondylosoma †Stagonolepis

An artist's Stagonolepis.

†Stagonosuchus †Stangerochampsa †Stegomosuchus †Stegomus †Steneosaurus †Stenosaurus — referred by the author of the description to Cricosaurus †Stolokrosuchus †Stomatosuchus †Stratiosuchus — lapsus calami of Stratiotosuchus †Stratiotosuchus †Strigosuchus †Stromerosuchus †Suchodus †Suchosaurus — probably at least in part a spinosaurid dinosaur †Sulcusuchus — first described as a dyrosaurid, reidentified as a polycotylid

plesiosaur †Sunosuchus †Susisuchus †Symptosuchus

T †Tadzhikosuchus †Tagarosuchus †Tarjadia †Tecovasuchus †Teleidosaurus †"Teleocrater" †Teleorhinus — junior synonym of Terminonaris †Teleosaurus †Temsacus — junior synonym of Crocodylus †Teratosaurus †Terminonaris †Terrestrisuchus †Thecachampsa †Thecachampsoides — junior synonym of Eosuchus †Theriosuchus †Thoracosaurus †Ticinosuchus †Tienosuchus †Tikisuchus †Tilemsisuchus

A False gharial (Tomistoma) from Thailand.

Tomistoma †Torvoneustes †Toyotamaphimeia †Trematochampsa †Trialestes †Trilophosuchus †Tsoabichi †Tsylmosuchus †Turanosuchus †Typothorax †Tzaganosuchus

U

An artist's reconstruction of Uberabasuchus.

†Uberabasuchus †Unasuchus †Uruguaysuchus

V †Vectisuchus

An artist's reconstruction of Venaticosuchus rusconii.

†Venaticosuchus †Vjushkovisaurus †Voay

†Volia †Vytshegdosuchus

W †Wannaganosuchus †Wanosuchus †Wargosuchus †Weigeltisuchus — junior synonym of Pristichampsus †Woodbinesuchus †Wurnosaurus — junior synonym of Hyposaurus

X †Xenosuchus — junior synonym of Caiman †Xilousuchus

Y †Yacarerani †Yarasuchus †Youngosuchus

Z †Zanclodon — in part referred to Megalosaurus †Zaraasuchus

An artist's reconstruction of Zosuchus davidsoni.

†Zholsuchus †Zhyrasuchus †Zosuchus †Zulmasuchus [2]

References1. ̂ Marinho, Thiago S.; and Carvalho, Ismar S. (2009). "An armadillo-like sphagesaurid

crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 27 (1): 36–41. Bibcode 2009JSAES..27...36M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.005.

2. ^ a b c d Paolillo, Alfredo; and Linares, Omar J. (2007). "Nuevos cocodrilos Sebecosuchia del Cenozoico Suramericano (Mesosuchia: Crocodylia)" (in Spanish) (PDF). Paleobiologia Neotropical 3: 1–25. http://www.paleobio.labb.usb.ve/Paleobio03.pdf. Retrieved 2009-02-15.

3. ̂ Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; and Andriej G. Sennikov (2009). "Archosauriform postcranial remains from the Early Triassic karst deposits of southern Poland". Paleontologica Polonica 65: 283–328. http://palaeontologia.pan.pl/PP65/PP65_283-328.pdf.

4. ̂ Kellner, A.W.A.; Pinheiro, A.E.P.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; Henriques, D.D.R.; de Carvalho, L.B.; and Oliveira, G.R. (2009). "A new crocodyliform from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian),Cajual Island, Brazil". Zootaxa 2030: 49–58.

5. ̂ Delfino, M. 2000. Coccodrilli italiani. Page 12 in Barbieri, F., Bernini, F., and Fasola, M., editors. Societas Herpetologica Italica, 3° Congresso Nazionale. Riassunti. Centro Stampa del Comune di Pavia. Abstract. [Italian]

6. ̂ Delfino, M. 2001. The fossil record of the Italian Crocodylomorpha. 6th European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology, Florence-Montevarchi, Italy, September 19-22 2001:28. Abstract. [Italian]

7. ̂ Paul M. Barrett and Xu Xing (2012). "The enigmatic reptile Pachysuchus imperfectus Young, 1951 from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 50 (2): 151–159. http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201204/P020120423369779799608.pdf.

8. ̂ Salisbury, Steven W. (2002). "Crocodilians from the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian) Purbeck Limestone Group of Dorset, southern England". In Milner, Andrew R.; and Batten, David J. (eds.). Life and environment in Purbeck times. Special papers in palaeontology. 68. London: The Palaeontological Association. p. 131. ISBN 0-901702-73-0.

9. ̂ Williston, S. S. (1906). "American amphicelian crocodiles". Journal of Geology 14 (1): 1–17. Bibcode 1906JG.....14....1W. doi:10.1086/621270.

Crurotarsi at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Crocodylomorpha at Paleofile List of Paleocene reptiles @ paleocene-mammals.de

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_crurotarsans&oldid=514903951" Categories:

Archosaurs Lists of prehistoric reptiles Taxonomic lists (genera, alphabetic)

Crurotarsans From Wikipedia, illustrated by Arthur Weasley. Left to right, top to bottom: Effigia, Shuvosaurus, Desmatosuchus (an Aetosaur), Rutiodon (a Phytosaur), Lotosaurus, and Postosuchus (a Rauisuchian).

Pan crocodylians .jpg

phytosauria.jpg

Rutiodon_BW.jpg http://forgottenarchosaurs.blogspot.com/2010/05/rutiodon.html

rutiodon.jpg Rutiodon carolinensis Emmons 1856. A.M.N.H. No. 1 composite skeleton of material collected in North Carolina. From Colbert 1947.

aetosaurus.jpg http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2008/01/aetosaurs_and_whistle-blowing.php

aetosaurs.jpg

Desmatosuchus%2C_PFNP.jpg Desmatosuchus, an aetosaur. From nps.gov - Petrified Foresthttp://forgottenarchosaurs.blogspot.com/2010/04/desmatosuchus.html

desmatosuchus.gif

desmatoschus2.jpg

desmatosuchus+skull.jpg Desmatosuchus haplocerus skull (Small 2002)

Rauisuchia.png

rs_Prestosuchus. Prestosuchus from http://acd.ufrj.br/mndgp/pv/projetos_dinosbr_rs.html

prestotuchus.gif

100_0409.jpg Prestosuchus chiniquensis (composite cast) on display in New York at the AMNH(photo taken by Susan Drymala)http://forgottenarchosaurs.blogspot.com/2010/04/prestosuchus.html