Nail Technology Unit 2

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. All of the following items are considered nonporous EXCEPT a(n):

a. orangewood stick b. glass file

c. metal cuticle pusher d. metal file

2. Nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter are known as:

a. cocci b. bacilli

c. spirilla d. saprophytes

3. Which of the following is the most common form of bacterial cells?

a. spirilla b. bacilli

c. diplococci d. staphylococci

4. Which type of infection occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body?

a. local b. general

c. passive d. natural

5. Once a week, a disinfection solution should be left in the pedicure basin:

a. overnight b. for 15 minutes

c. for one hour d. for four hours

6.The critical items used to puncture or invade the skin must be:

a. sanitized b. sterilized

c. disinfected d. washed with soap

7.The lowest level of infection control is known as:

a. efficacy b. sanitation

c. sterilization d. disinfection

8. A condition characterized by inflammation and redness of the skin due to contact with an irritant or allergen is known as:

a. wound b. absorption

c. chemical burn d. contact dermatitis

9.Which of the following machines uses UV light to kill bacteria in a dry setting?

a. autoclave b. chemiclave

c. ultrasonic cleaner d. UV light sterilizer

10.Spherical or round-shaped bacterial cells that appear singularly or in groups are called:

a. cocci b. bacilli

c. spirilla d. saprophytes

11.A sub-microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts is called a:

a. cilia b. flagella

c. virus d. parasite

12. The process referred to as "double bagging" is performed when a(n):

a. antiseptic is used b. MSDS is consulted

c. blood spill occurs d. implement is disinfected

13.The study of small living organisms called microbes is called:

a. science b. ecology

c. bacteriology d. microbiology

14. Sterilization is the highest level of infection control and destroys:

a. debris only b. bacteria and viruses only

c. bacterial spores only d. all living organisms including bacterial spores

15.The efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill microbes are referred to as:

a. infection control b. passive immunity

c. extermination d. cross-contamination

16. An infection present in a small, confined area indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflammation is a:

a. local infection b. natural infection

c. general infection d. systemic infection

17. The spread of bacteria by contaminated equipment, surfaces and food is known as:

a. infection b. immunity

c. efficacy d. cross-contamination

18. Washing your hands with liquid soap and water is an example of which level of infection control?

a. efficacy b. sanitation

c. sterilization d. disinfection

19. Nondisease-producing bacteria are called:

a. virus b. microbes

c. pathogenic bacteria d. nonpathogenic bacteria

20. A machine that uses pressurized steam to sterilize critical implements is referred to as a(n):

a. autoclave b. chemiclave

c. ventilation table d. UV light sterilizer

21. Bacilli and spirilla are able to move by themselves by using hair-like projections known as:

a. waves b. spores

c. spirals d. flagella

22. If you are exposed to a client's blood during a service, the first thing you should do is:

a. disinfect the used implement b. throw away the used implement

c. stop the service and wash your hands d. cover the client's wound with a bandage

23.Which type of burn is usually the result of faulty equipment or improper use of equipment?

a. heat burn b. exfoliant burn

c. chemical burn d. electrical burn

24.A bleeding wound should be treated by:

a. applying a tourniquet b. applying hot water to the wound

c. covering the wound and applying pressure d. applying a cold water compress to the wound

25. All of the following are steps to be taken in the event of a cut, scratch or embedded object to the eye EXCEPT:

a. try to remove embedded object b. place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes

c. secure gauze pad or cloth with a bandage d. get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately

26. Blood is transported through all of the following vessels EXCEPT:

a. veins b. arteries

c. capillaries d. blood platelets

27.The muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions are:

a. origin b. cardiac

c. voluntary d. involuntary

28. Which of the following terms does NOT identify a type of nerve tissue?

a. motor b. axon

c. sensory d. sensory-motor

29. The skin and its layers compose the:

a. digestive system b. endocrine system

c. reproductive system d. integumentary system

30. Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify a function of the skeletal system?

a. eliminates waste b. allows body movement

c. surrounds and protects internal organs d. provides a frame to which muscles attach

31.The muscles that allow the thumb to move toward the fingers and form a fist are the:

a. adductor b. abductor c. supinator d. opponens

32 .The veins that are permanently widened or expanded and appear as blue-green bulges are referred to as:

a. varicose b. pulmonary

c. radial d. lymphatic

33. Which type of tissue supports, protects and holds the body together?

a. nerve b. connective

c. muscular d. liquid

34. This triangular-shaped muscle covers the shoulder and lifts the arm:

a. deltoid b. opponens

c. bicep d. femur

35. Groups of cells of the same kind make up:

a. bones b. organs

c. glands d. tissues

36. Which nerves provide the senses of smell, sight, touch, hearing and taste?

a. motor nerves b. efferent nerves

c. sensory nerves d. sensory-motor nerves

37. Human cells reproduce by a process referred to as:

a. metabolism b. anabolism

c. catabolism d. mitosis

38. The primary functions of the respiratory system are:

a. anabolism and catabolism b. movement and protection

c. contraction and expansion d. inhalation and exhalation

39. What science studies the organs and systems of the body?

a. histology b. anatomy

c. chemistry d. physiology

40.Which nerve of the hand extends down the little finger side of the arm into the palm of the hand?

a. ulnar b. cardiac

c. median d. radial

41. The five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand are known as:

a. phalanges b. radius

c. carpals d. metacarpals

42.Another name for a nerve cell is:

a. neuron b. nucleus

c. axon d. dendrite

43. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of protein into polypeptide molecules?

a. esophagus b. pepsin

c. pharynx d. villi

44. Which bone is the largest bone of the upper arm?

a. ulna b. clavicle

c. phalanges d. humerus

45. What chemical process turns nutrients into energy for the body?

a. anabolism b. catabolism

c. metabolism d. mitosis

46. All of the following are organs of the body EXCEPT:

a. skin b. brain

c. hands d. stomach

47.A group of body organs that perform one or more vital functions for the body is called a(n):

a. cell b. organ

c. tissue d. system

48.What type of blood cells help protect the body by fighting bacteria and other foreign substances? a. hemoglobin b. white blood cells c. red blood cells d. blood platelets

49. Which vital part of the brain controls breathing and heart function?

a. cerebrum b. pons

c. medulla oblongata d. homeostasis

50.This body system breaks down the food into simpler chemical compounds that can be absorbed by cells or eliminated as waste:

a. nervous system b. digestive system

c. reproductive system d. endocrine system

51. Gel product is not able to be broken down when soaked in a solvent during a gel nail removal due to the:

a. gel primer b. monomer liquid

c. formaldehyde resin d. highly cross-linked polymers

52. All of the following are the safe methods for heating a nail product remover EXCEPT:

a. wrapping a solvent-saturated cotton ball with foil to utilize the body heat

b. running hot water over the bottle containing the solvent

c. heating the solvent in a microwave or on a stove

d. placing a bowl of solvent into a larger one filled with warm water

53. What is the ingredient found in primers that helps create the adhesion needed?

a. acetone b. dispersants

c. ethyl acetate d. methacrylic acid

54.When the substances of two or more molecules interact and undergo a chemical change, this process is known as a:

a. compound b. polymerization

c. physical change d. chemical reaction

55. Which compound causes the start of a chemical reaction when exposed to light?

a. photo initiator b. catalyst

c. acetone d. inhibitor

56. Ice melting into a puddle on the ground is an example of what kind of change?

a. solid b. chemical

c. physical d. polymerization

57. Which of the following substances is NOT a main ingredient in nail polish?

a. resin b. pigment

c. plasticizer d. fabric

58.

What is the main reason for using fabric in a nail wrap system?

a. to add strength to the nail

b. to add color to the nail

c. to speed up the chemical reaction

d. to prevent nail polish from chipping

59.

Which of the following statements describes an example of polymerization in relation to nail products?

a. ice melting into a liquid

b. acetone removing nail polish from the nail plate

c. the hardening or curing process of artificial nail products

d. two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combining to form water

60.

What is the function of resin in a nail polish?

a. to hold the polish together

b. to help keep the polish from changing color

c. to keep the polish flexible after it is dry

d. to help the pigments mix with the resin and solvent

61.

A substance that controls the speed of a chemical reaction is called a(n):

a. catalyst

b. initiator

c. polymer

d. inhibitor

62.

What scientific term is used to describe anything that takes up space?

a. atom

b. matter

c. chemistry

d. compound

63.

When monomers come together with other monomers to form three-dimensional networks, this process is called:

a. adhesion

b. polymerization

c. physical change

d. chemical change

64.

An acrylic nail is formed by combining a liquid monomer with:

a. water

b. powder polymer

c. plasticizer

d. UV stabilizer

65.

An additive in nail polish that keeps the polish flexible after it is dry is known as a:

a. solvent

b. pigment

c. plasticizer

d. UV stabilizer

66.

Priming agents are commonly used when applying artificial nail products to help:

a. cure the nails

b. remove nail polish

c. keep the polish from changing color when exposed to sunlight

d. create the adhesion needed between nail plate and artificial nail product

67.

A type of product that causes a nail tip to stick to a nail plate is known as:

a. resin

b. acetone

c. adhesive

d. monomer

68.

Gels are made up of a short chain version of a polymer called a(n):

a. monomer

b. oligomer

c. inhibitor

d. accelerator

69.

The most widely used solvent in the nail industry is:

a. catalyst

b. acetone

c. acrylic liquid

d. priming agent

70.

Which term does NOT describe a key product used when creating nail wraps?

a. resin

b. fabric

c. accelerator

d. powder polymer

71.

What is the function of UV stabilizers in a nail polish?

a. to hold the polish together

b. to help keep the polish from changing color

c. to keep the polish flexible after it is dry

d. to help the pigments mix with the resin and solvent

72.

A form of matter that has definite weight, volume and shape is known as a:

a. gas

b. solid

c. vapor

d. liquid

73.

All of the following are elements found in keratin EXCEPT:

a. sulfur

b. oxygen

c. monomer

d. hydrogen

74.

The smallest possible unit of an element is called a(n):

a. atom

b. carbon

c. compound

d. molecule

75.

An accelerator is applied over the resin on a nail wrap to help with which of the following?

a. stop the curing process

b. slow down the curing process

c. speed up the curing process

d. add strength to the fabric wrap

76.

Another name for kolionychia is:

a. blue nails

b. spoon nails

c. eggshell nails

d. tile-shaped nails

77.

Which of the following items is NOT a possible cause for blue nails?

a. dry cuticles

b. injury to nail

c. poor circulation

d. systemic problems of heart

78.

If your client has a foot callus, it is recommended that you:

a. cut the callus

b. stop the service

c. use a file to pick out the callus

d. smooth the area using a foot file

79.

The study of the skin's structure, functions, diseases and treatment is known as:

a. etiology

b. anatomy

c. dermatology

d. onychology

80.

What term refers to a hereditary condition that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin?

a. albinism

b. naevus

c. chloasma

d. melanoderma

81.

The study of the structure and growth of the nails is called:

a. etiology

b. physiology

c. onychology

d. eponychium

82.

Indented vertical lines running down the nail plate are known as:

a. onychia

b. furrows

c. corrugations

d. pterygium

83.

A protein substance found in nails, skin and hair is:

a. keratin

b. cuticle

c. lunula

d. pterygium

84.

An example of a papule is a:

a. macule

b. pimple

c. vesicle

d. tumor

85.

If your client shows signs of spoon nails, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

a. file carefully

b. use force to straighten the nail plate

c. apply no pressure to nail plate

d. use polish to harden the nails

86.

The area that overlies the matrix at the base of the nail is the:

a. mantle

b. nail plate

c. onychodermal band

d. eponychium

87.

If your client has agnails, you should perform the service and:

a. refer the client to physician

b. use cuticle conditioner

c. massage with extra pressure

d. apply two additional coats of nail polish

88.

Inflammation of the skin around the nail is known as felon or:

a. onychia

b. paronychia

c. onychoptosis

d. bruised nails

89.

On which area of the nail does the nail plate rest?

a. lunula

b. nail bed

c. nail folds

d. free edge

90.

A deterioration of which substances causes the skin to wrinkle during the aging process?

a. collagen protein and elastin fibers

b. melanocytes and melanosomes

c. keratin and protein

d. sudoriferous and sebaceous glands

91.

If your client comes in with tinea manus, you should:

a. diagnose the client

b. perform service as usual

c. take caution when performing the service

d. stop the service and refer client to physician

92.

Another term for the fatty tissue in the subcutaneous layer is:

a. adipose tissue

b. epidermal tissue

c. basal tissue

d. porous tissue

93.

An example of fissures is:

a. a wart

b. chapped lips

c. tinea pedis

d. contact dermatitis

94.

The pocket-like structure that holds the nail root and nail matrix is the:

a. lunula

b. cuticle

c. mantle

d. perionychium

95.

Any disease or disorder of the nail is called a(n):

a. etiology

b. onychosis

c. fungus

d. paronychia

96.

Nail diseases can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

a. fungi

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. stress

97.

Loss of the nail plate with separation at the nail matrix is a nail disease known as:

a. onychomadesis

b. onychoptosis

c. eggshell nails

d. tile-shaped nails

98.

When performing a hand and nail examination, it is important to observe all of the following EXCEPT:

a. skin texture

b. color of polish

c. condition of nail bed

d. skin temperature

99.

The skin under the free edge that prevents bacteria from entering the nail bed is known as the:

a. nail wall

b. eponychium

c. nail matrix

d. hyponychium

100.

Nail grooves are sometimes referred to as:

a. cuticles

b. nail roots

c. nail folds

d. hyponychiums