· web viewcandidate’s declaration. i hereby declare that the work which is being...

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this project work entitled

“INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of Bachelor Of Technology in Computer Science at

CT Institute Of Engineering Management And Technology is an authentic record of my own

work carried out during the period, Jan – May 2013 under the supervision and guidance of

internal guide. I have not submitted the matter embodied in this project work anywhere for the

award of any degree or diploma.

SONAM KUMARI

Inventory Management System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my proud privilege to express my profound gratitude to the entire management of

CTIEMT and teachers of the institute for providing me with the opportunity to avail the

excellent facilities and infrastructure. The knowledge and values inculcated have proved to be

of immense help at the very start of my career. Special thanks to Hon’ble Founder, CT Institute

Of Engineering Management And Technology for having provided us an excellent

infrastructure at CTIEMT.

Thankful to the teaching and non teaching staff of CTIEMT who provided their full support in

completion of my work.

I would like to thank HCL Infosystems for providing me with an opportunity to pursue my

industrial training, as it is an important part of the B.Tech course and it is the one that exposes

you to the industry standards and makes you adapt yourself to the latest trends and

technologies. At the same time, it gives an experience of working on a project.

I feel pride and privileged in expressing my deep sense of gratitude to all those who have

helped me in presenting this assignment. I would be failing in my endeavor if I do not place my

acknowledgement.

SONAM KUMARI

HCL Infosystem Ltd.


ABSTRACT

A well planned, systematically executed industrial training helps a great deal in inculcating a

good work culture. It provides a linkage between students and the industry in order to develop

awareness of the industrial approach to problem solving based on broad understanding of

operations of the industrial organizations.

This project entitled “INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” has been designed towards

improving the Management of routine work in An enterprise by automating the usual working

process which includes registration of employees and maintaining a record of the devices used.

The project has been an enriching experience for me in the field of programming and

Enterprise Application development and integration.

The tools and technologies used for developing the software are Eclipse and database creation

and maintenance .

HCL Infosystem Ltd.


INDEX

S. No CONTENTS Page No

1 INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY 5-8

2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT UNDERTAKEN 9-11

3 CHAPTER-01 (MODULES OF THE PROJECT) 12-15

4 CHAPTER-02 (SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT) 16-17

5 CHAPTER-03 (SYSTEM ANALYSIS) 18-20

6 CHAPTER-04 (SYSTEM DESIGN) 21-35

7 CHAPTER-05 (CODING) 36-75

8 CHAPTER-06 (TESTING) 76-77

9 CHAPTER-07 (IMPLEMENTATION) 78-82

10 CONCLUSION 83-84

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 85

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INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

Overview

HCL Infosystems (HCLI) is one of the leading ICT system integrator and distribution company. It originated in 1976, It developed the first indigenous micro-computer at the same time as Apple and 3 years before IBM's PC – in 1978. This micro-computer virtually gave birth to the Indian computer industry. HCL's in-depth knowledge of Unix led to the development of a fine grained multi-processor Unix in 1988, three years ahead of Sun and HP.

Today, HCL sells more PCs in India than any other brand, runs Northern Ireland's largest BPO operation, and manages the network for Asia's largest stock exchange network apart from designing zero visibility landing systems to land the world's most popular airplane. And this it does across 23 countries and across 360 service locations in India.

HCLI has wide range of products and services such as IT products, solutions and related services, which include PCs, servers, imaging, voice and video solutions, networking products, TV and FM broadcasting solutions, communication solutions, system integration, ICT education and training, digital lifestyle solutions and peripherals.

The company has strategic alliance with leading companies like Intel, AMD, Microsoft, Bull, Toshiba, Nokia, Sun Microsystems, Ericsson, NVIDIA, SAP, Scansoft, SCO, EMC, Veritas, Citrix, CISCO, Oracle, Computer Associates, RedHat, Infocus, Duplo, Samsung and Novell.

It has four hardware manufacturing facilities -- two in Pondicherry, one in Chennai and one in Uttaranchal.

Products

HCL Infosystems portfolio of products covers the entire spectrum of the information technology needs of its customers. By virtue of the immense diversity of markets and customers that it address, HCL Infosystems products offerings include everything from high end enterprise level servers for mission critical applications to multimedia home computers.

Computing products -HCLI manufactures wide range of computer such as home PCs, notebooks, business PCs, business workstations and servers.

Storage solutions - The company manufactures wide range of storage solutions such as standalone drivers, HBA cards, EMC storage solutions etc catering wide range of consumers.

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Office Imaging and telecom solutions - It has partnered with the best in the industry like Toshiba, Infocus, Duplo, etc to provide imaging solutions like projectors, plasma, visual presenter and interactive presentation systems. It has partnered with major players for providing voice, videoconferencing, audio conferencing and broadcast solutions according to the business needs.

The company develops POS, kiosk and customer service counter products. HCLI offers a complete range of digital lifestyle products and solutions through its various distribution channels and vast warehousing and logistics operations.

Recognition

The company’s manufacturing facilities have received various certifications such as ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001, ISO 13485:2003, TS 16949-2002 TUV.

It was awarded MAIT Level 2 - by European Foundation for Quality Management in the year 2001.

Vision

A global corporation enriching lives and enabling business transformation for our customers, with leadership in chosen technologies and markets. Be the first choice for employees and partners, with commitment to sustainability.

Mission

We enable business transformation and enrichment of lives by delivering sustainable world class technology products, solutions and services in our chosen markets thereby creating superior shareholder value.

Core Values

We shall uphold the dignity of every individual We shall honour all commitments We shall be responsible corporate citizens We shall be committed to Quality, Innovation and Growth in every endeavour

Relationships

Irrespective of the size of your business, partnering with us will help you succeed. Leveraging over three decades of experience in total technology solutions, it’s our commitment to help you touch newer heights of success.

We provide you access to HCL’s innovative technologies, marketing strategies and value added services. By working on every aspect of the ICT industry, we have the experience to create world class products and services to help you give the best to your customers.

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Labs

India’s uniqueness to demand is being fulfilled by us, by nurturing innovation in offerings and processes for our customer’s strategic growth. We are creating for India from India, with a mission in mind - to offer value to customer that satisfies his unmet, unrealized or an unknown need to get him a competitive edge.

Advantage HCL

HCL's labs - Pioneers in design, development and building ICT products India's largest Hardware, System Integration, Networking Solutions & Distribution Company 3 decades of expertise in technology solutions Partners with leading global players to provide the best of solutions to end users The largest manufacturer of PCs and Laptops in India Largest direct sales, digital lifestyle product distribution and retail network Extensive service network that reach out to 4,000 towns

Benefits of a Proven Commitment from HCL Infosystems

At HCL Infosystems, partnerships are lifelong relationships that are mutually beneficial for all. We can help you enhance your business and reap the rewards of the mutual success. We offer differentiated technology and dedicated service support infrastructure as per the needs and requirements of your customers. We provide technology specializations that map to areas of significant business growth for your business and your customers.

Reliable IT Backbone

In a world where the right technology infrastructure is a prerequisite, we offer a reliable IT backbone to our partners. We provide a one-stop-shop for meeting end-to-end IT requirements, thus offering a smooth ICT management. Additionally, we offer industry leading technology, designed to deliver a price to performance advantage to help you provide increased benefits to your customers. Our high-quality products and services give you means to work in a smarter way and be more productive and competitive.

Differentiated Product Access

At HCL, we understand that different customers have different needs. We have constantly innovated to offer a range of products to cater to different requirements of the customers. We have pioneered the home PC market of India - we designed India’s first multimedia-enabled Beanstalk Media Centre PC for home users; we have developed Ezeebee and Busybee PCs and ME Laptops for personal productivity. We bring this exciting range of Desktops and Laptops through our vast network of neighbourhood partner outlets for buying convenience of the customers. Further these products are backed by HCL’s 24x7 Consumer Support Helpline. Enterprises have unique needs for their computing platforms and HCL’s range of business Desktops and Laptops come with unique features that enhance productivity while reducing TCO. For our Enterprise and SMB customers who buy directly from us, or through Enterprise HCL Infosystem Ltd.


Rate Contracts or through our vast network of Strategic Business Partners we offer customized built to order range of ME Business Laptops and Infiniti Desktops. HCL's manufacturing facilities are ISO 9001 - 2000 & ISO 14001 certified and adhere to stringent quality standards and global processes. HCL Desktops and Laptops are manufactured and marketed specially to withstand unique Indian terrain and conditions. HCL commits to manufacture “Green” PCs and Laptops that are RoHS compliant and adhere to stringent environment management standards. As market leaders in ICT arena we offer our partners the best of options.

Unparallel Support

When the situation calls for it, we can help you with our dedicated 24x7 HCL Touch service network. You can benefit from services offered through our offices in 170 cities, 505 points of presence, reaching 4,000 towns. Pre- and post-sales support from HCL specialists makes identifying the best solution for each sales opportunity even more predictable. This allows for our shared quest for excellence and commitment to serve customers better.

Extensive Marketing Support

HCL has closely seen the IT industry rise and has actively participated in its progress. We have picked up valuable marketing lessons in serving the IT needs of the Indian customers. We can help you to focus on some of the most critical marketing needs facing your business. Additionally, we can provide you a set of proven sales and marketing tools designed to help you generate new leads, increased demands for products and services and help you reach your business goals.

Structured for Ease and Value

Each element of HCL business partnership solutions are designed to reduce the costs of deployment, support and management. So whether it’s for you or your customers, we provide complete ICT solutions - all at a great value.

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OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT UNDERTAKEN

Project Name: INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

Introduction

The project deals with the development of an android application which implements the inventory management in the company. This project is specifically developed for the management of android devices (tablets) used by the employees working in the company. Our purpose is to keep record of all used and available devices based on QR code implementation. The technology being used to develop the application is Android.

Android Technology

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code.

The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and open-source license.

Features in Android

Application Framework

It is used to write applications for Android. Unlike other embedded mobile environments, Android applications are all equal, for instance, an applications which come with the phone are no different than those that any developer writes. The framework is supported by numerous open source libraries such as openssl, SQLite and libc. It is also supported by the Android core libraries. From the point of security, the framework is based on UNIX file system permissions that assure applications have only those abilities that mobile phone owner gave at install time.

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Dalvik Virtual Machine

It is extremely low-memory based virtual machine, which was designed especially for Android to run on embedded systems and work well in low power situations. It is also tuned to the CPU attributes. The Dalvik VM creates a special file format (.DEX) that is created through build time post processing. Conversion between Java classes and .DEX format is done by included “dx” tool.

Integrated Browser

Google made a right choice on choosing WebKit as open source web browser. They added a two pass layout and frame flattering. Two pass layout loads a page without waiting for blocking elements, such as external CSS or external JavaScript and after a while renders again with all resources downloaded to the device. Frame flattering converts founded frames into single one and loads into the browser. These features increase speed and usability browsing the internal via mobile phone.

Optimized Graphics

As Android has 2D graphics library and 3D graphics based on OpenGL ES 1.0, possibly we will see great applications like Google Earth and spectacular games like Second Life, which come on Linux version. At this moment, the shooting legendary 3D game Doom was presented using Android on the mobile phone.

SQLite

Extremely small (~500kb) relational database management system, which is integrated in Android. It is based on function calls and single file, where all definitions, tablets and data are stored. This simple design is more than suitable for a platform such as Android.

HandsetLayouts

The platform is adaptable to both larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGLES 1.0 specifications, traditional smart phone layouts. An underlying 2D graphics engine is also included. Surface Manager manages access to the display subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications.

Data Storage

SQLite is used for structured data storage. SQLite is a powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all applications.

Connectivity

Android supports a wide variety of connectivity technologies including GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth, EDGE, EVDO, 3G and Wi-Fi.

Messaging

SMS, MMS, and XMPP are available forms of messaging including threaded text messaging.

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Web Browser

The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit applicaton framework. It includes LibWebCore which is a modern web browser engine which powers both the Android browser and an embedded web view.

Java Virtual Machine

Software written in Java can be compiled into Dalvik bytecodes and executed in the Dalvik virtual machine, which is a specialized VM implementation designed for mobile device use, although not technically a standard Java Virtual Machine.

Media Support

Android will support advanced audio/video/still media formats such as MPEG-4, H-264, MP3, and AAC, AMR, JPEG, PNG, GIF.

Android Hardware Support

Android is fully capable of utilizing video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS, compasses, accelerometers, and, accelerated 3D graphics.

Development Environment

Includes a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, a plugin for the Eclipse IDE. There are a number of hardware dependent features, for instance, a huge media and connections support, GPS, improved support for Camera and simply GSM telephony. A great work was done for the developers to start work with Android using device emulator, tools for debugging and plugin for Eclipse IDE.

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CHAPTER 01

MODULES OF THE PROJECT

Different modules of the project include:

QR code Format QR code generator QR code scanner/reader Database Storage

QR code Introduction

QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional bar code) first designed for the automotive industry in Japan. Bar codes are optical machine-readable labels attached to items that record information related to the item. It was initially patented; however, its patent holder has chosen not to exercise those rights. Recently, the QR Code system has become popular outside the automotive industry due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to standard UPC barcodes. The code consists of black modules (square dots) arranged in a square grid on a white background. The information encoded may be made up of four standardized types (“modes”) of data (numeric, alphanumeric, byte/binary, Kanji) or through supported extensions, virtually any type of data.

QR code generation

Encryption

Encrypted QR codes, which are not very common, have a few implementations. An Android app, for example, manages encryption and decryption of QR codes using the DES algorithm (56 bits).

Four-bit indicators are used to select the encoding mode and convey other information. Encoding modes can be mixed as needed within a QR symbol.

After every indicator that selects an encoding mode is a length field that tells how many characters are encoded in that mode. The number of bits in the field depends on the encoding and the symbol version.

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Encoding modes

Indicator Meaning

0001 Numeric encoding (10 bits per 3 digits)

0010 Alphanumeric encoding (11 bits per 2 characters)

0100 Byte encoding (8 bits per character)

1000 Kanji encoding (13 bits per character)

0011 Structured append (used to split a message across multiple QR symbols)

0111 Extended Channel Interpretation (select alternate character set or encoding)

0101 FNC1 in first position (see Code 128 for more information)

1001 FNC1 in second position

0000 End of message

QR code Format

The format information records two things: the error correction level and the mask pattern used for the symbol. Masking is used to break up patterns in the data area that might confuse a scanner such as large blank areas or misleading features that look like the locator marks. The mask patterns are defined on a grid that is repeated as necessary to cover the whole symbol. Modules corresponding to the desk areas of the mask are inverted. The format information is protected from errors with a BCH code, and two complete copies are induced in each QR symbol.

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The message data is placed from right to left in a zigzag pattern. In larger symbols, this is complicated by the presence of the alignment patterns and the use of multiple interleaved error-correction blocks.

QR code Scanner

QR code Scanner/Reader is used to decode the encrypted data from a QR code. The data encoded are fetched from the scanner. Scanner scans the code with the help of a webcam.

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Database Storage

What is SQLite?

SQLite is an Open Source Database which is embedded into Android. SQLite supports standard relational database features like SQL syntax, transactions and prepared statements. In addition it requires only little memory at runtime (approx. 250 KByte).

SQLite supports the data types TEXT (similar to String in Java), INTEGER (similar to long in Java) and REAL (similar to double in Java). All other types must be converted into one of these fields before saving them in the database. SQLite itself does not validate if the types written to the columns are actually of the defined type, e.g. you can write an integer into a string column and vice versa.

SQLite in Android

SQLite is available on every Android device. Using an SQLite database in Android does not require any database setup or administration.

You only have to define the SQL statements for creating and updating the database. Afterwards the database is automatically managed for you by the Android platform.

Access to an SQLite database involves accessing the filesystem. This can be slow. Therefore it is recommended to perform database operations asynchronously, for example inside the AsyncTaskclass.

If your application creates a database, this database is by default saved in the directoryDATA/data/APP_NAME/databases/FILENAME.

The parts of the above directory are constructed based on the following rules. DATA is the path which theEnvironment.getDataDirectory() method returns. APP_NAME is your application name.FILENAME is the name you specify in your application code for the database.

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CHAPTER 02

SYSTEM ENVIROMENT

2.1 Software Requirements

2.1.1 Supported Operating Systems

Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit)

Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (x86 only)

Linux ( Linux Ubuntu Hardy Heron)

2.1.2 Supported Development Environments

Eclipse IDE

Eclipse 3.4 (Ganymede) or 3.5 (Galileo)

Eclipse JDT plugin (included in most Eclipse IDE packages)

Several types of Eclipse packages are available for each platform. For developing

Android applications, we recommend that you install one of these packages:

Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers

Eclipse IDE for Java Developers

Eclipse for RCP/Plug-in Developers

Eclipse Classic (versions 3.5.1 and higher)

JDK 5 or JDK 6 (JRE alone is not sufficient)

Android Development Tools plugin (optional)

2.1.3 Other development environments or IDEs

JDK 5 or JDK 6 (JRE alone is not sufficient)

Apache Ant 1.6.5 or later for Linux and Mac, 1.7 or later for Windows

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2.2 Hardware Requirements

The Android SDK requires disk storage for all of the components that you choose to install.

The table below provides a rough idea of the disk-space requirements to expect, based on the

components that you plan to use.

Component type Approximate size Comments

SDK Tools 50 MB Required.

Android platform (each) 150 MB At least one platform is required.

SDK Add-on (each) 100 MB Optional.

USB Driver for Windows

10 MB Optional. For Windows only.

Samples (per platform) 10M Optional.

Offline documentation 250 MB Optional.

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CHAPTER 03

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

In order to install the Android SDK, do as the following:

3.1 Android SDK Installation

First of all, we have to download the SDK from the following link

http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html. Please notice that the SDK that come with the

Phone is 2.0.1. Therefore, we should not choose the build target as 2.1 for the program because

then we won’t be able to install the application on the Droid phone. Use the SDK 1.6.

After we agree to the terms of the SDK license, we click on the link that corresponds to the OS

(Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows) and download the zip file. It is recommended that we

download everything on Windows,

Unzip the archive at a suitable location in the machine. We will refer to this location as

$ANDROID HOME from now on. By default the files are unzipped into a folder called

android-sdk-<platform>-<release> <build> and have subdirectories tools, samples and docs

(Windows versions have another folder for the usb driver).

– On Linux, edit your .bash profile to add tools to your path export $PATH=$PATH:

$ANDROID HOME/tools

– On Mac, the process is similar to Linux. Create a .bash profile if you don’t have one already

– On Windows, right-click on “My Computer” and select Properties. Under the Advanced tab,

hit the Environment button. Double-click on Path in the window that comes up. Add the full

path to the tools directory here.

Remember that if you update your Android SDK, you also need to update the

paths that have been set.

3.2 JDK Installation

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For JDK installation, we have to download JDK 6 Update 19 from the link

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html. Please note that you are

required to install JDK and not just the JRE.

3.3 Eclipse Installation

Download “Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (92 MB)” from the following link

http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/. Unzip the downloaded file at an appropriate location.

NOTE: If you are using Linux, it is recommended that you use your package manager

(synaptic/apt-get for ubuntu and other debian based distros and yum for fedora and other redhat

based distros) to install eclipse. Also ensure that your version is Ganymede or Eclipse 3.4)

3.4 Install Android Development Tools

For the android development tools, go to Help -> Install New Software Click on Add and Add

https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ as URL

Now you will see Android Development Tools in the available software. Select and install this

package.

After the installation and restart, you need to update the preferences for ADT. This can be done

by going to Window -> Preferences (Eclipse -> Preferences on Mac), select Android. For the

SDK Location, click browse and find the location where the android sdk was unzipped. Click

Apply and then Ok.

On the toolbar, click on Android SDK and Android Manager, and then click on Available

Packages and select Android SDK 1.6 and Install.

Then in the left menu Virtual Devices -> New. Enter the following

Name: Android-1.6-Emulator

Target: Android 1.6

Size: 64 MB

Then click on Create AVD.

3.5 Motorola USB driver

Your operation system needs to install the USB driver so it can recognize the device. The

drivers provided here are for windows. If you are using any other OS, you need to look for the

proper driver to install.

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3.6 Running an application

The Eclipse plug-in makes it very easy to run the applications. Begin by selecting the Run ->

Open Run Configurations menu entry.

Highlight the “Android Application” entry and click the icon in the top left corner ( the one

depicting a sheet of paper with a plus sign in the corner) or simply double-click the “Android

Application” entry.

We should have a new launcher entry name “New Configuration”. Change the name to

something more meaningful like “Hello Android”. The plugin will automatically scan the

project for Activity subclasses, and add each one it finds to the dropdown list under the

“Activity:” label.

Click the ”Apply” button. That’s it you’re done! Click the Run button, and the Android

Emulator should start. Once it’s booted up your application will appear.

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CHAPTER 04

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 INTRODUCTION:

The purpose of the design phase is to plan a solution of the problem specified by the

Requirements document. This phase is the first step in moving from the problem domain to the

solution domain. In other words, starting with what is needed , design takes us toward how to

satisfy the needs. The design of a system is perhaps the most critical factor affecting the quality

of the software. The output of this phase is the designed document. This document is similar to

a blueprint or plan for the solution and is used later during implementation testing and

maintenance. System design, which is sometimes also called top level design, aims to identify

the modules that should be in the system, the specification of these modules and how they

interact with each other to produce the desired results. A system design methodology is a

systematic approach to create a design by application of a set of techniques and guidelines.

Input and output design

Input design is a part of overall system design, which requires very careful attention. If data

going into the system is incorrect, then the processing and output will magnify these errors.

Thus the designer has a number of clear objectives in the different stages of input design:

To produce a cost effective method of input.

To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy.

To ensure that input is acceptable to and understood by the user.

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At the beginning of output design various types of outputs (external, internal,

operational, and interactive and turnaround) are defined. Then the format, content, location,

frequency, volume and sequence of the output are specified. The content of the output must

be defined in detail. The system analyst has two specific objectives at this stage.

To interpret and communicate the results of the computer part of a system to users

in a form that they can understand and which meets their requirements.

To communicate the output design specifications to programmers in a way, this is

unambiguous, comprehensive and capable of being translated into a programming

language.

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SnapshotsMain Activity:

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Enter Details:

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Report Details:

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Remove Details:

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4.3 FUNCTIONALITIES DESCRIPTIONS

4.3.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

The data flow diagram reviews the current physical system, prepares input and output

specification, specifies the implementation plan etc. Four basic symbols are used to construct

data flow diagram. They are symbols that represent data source data flow and data

transformation and data storage. The points at which data are transformed are represented by

enclosed figures, usually circles, which are called nodes. Basic data flow diagram symbols are:

In the DFD, there are four symbols.1. A square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.2. An arrow identifies data flow –data in motion. It is a pipeline through which information flows.3. A circle or a “bubble” represents a process that transforms incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s).4. An opened rectangle is a data store—data at rest, or a temporary repository of data. Define sources or destination

Define data flow.

Define a store process .

Defines a data

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A few guidelines to aid the derivation of a DFD • The level 0 DFD should depict the software / system as a single bubble • Primary input and output should be noted. • Refinement should begin by isolating candidate processes, data objects and the stores to be represented in the next level. • All arrows and bubbles should be labeled with a meaningful name. • Information flow continuity must be maintained from level to level and • One bubble at a time should be refined.

The level 0 DFD (context) is expanded o level 1 DFD. The process represented in the 1 DFD can be further refined o level 2 DFD. Information flow continuity is maintained between levels. The refinement continues until each bubble performs a simple function. That is, until the process represented by the bubble performs a function that would be easily implemented as a program.The DFD serves two purposes:1. To provide an indication of data is transformed as they move through the system, and2. To depicts the functions (and sub functions) that transforms the data flow.DFD provide additional information that is during the analysis of the information domain and serves as a basis for the modeling of function.

LEVEL 0 DFD:

Master Database

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ADMIN EMPLOYEES


LEVEL 1 DFD

AD e Employee Database

Report Database

Employee Database

LEVEL-2 DFD OF ENTER DETAILS

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ADMINENTER DETAILS

REPORT DETAILS

REMOVE DETAILS

ADMIN SCAN SUBMIT


Employee Database

LEVEL-2 DFD OF REPORT DETAILS

Report Database

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ADMIN SCAN ISSUED/RETURNED


LEVEL-2 DFD OF REMOVE DETAILS

Employee Database

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ADMIN REMOVE SCAN

REMOVE


CHAPTER 05

Coding

Java Coding:

package com.example.inventorymtwo;

import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.util.Log;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.Window;

import android.view.WindowManager;

import android.widget.AdapterView;

import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;

import android.widget.Spinner;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener

{

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/*private static final String[] items = {"-Select-", "U1", "U2", "G1",

"Y1", "Y2", "Y3", "V1", "X1", "PENTA", "iPAD", "SKYTAB", "Micromax",

"A2", "OTHER", ""};

private static final String[] names = {"-Select-", "SELF", "Free", "KK",

"NARENDRA", "VIBHUTI", "SUNNY", "AMEY",

"KAPIL", "ASHISH", "ARUNESH", "VINEET", "SUNIL", "MANVENDRA",

"SAHIL", "FARAZ", "ARUSHI", "NIHARIKA", "SONAM", "MAHAK", "ANUJ",

"OTHER", ""};

*/

Spinner spin1, spin2, spin3;

private MasterDatabase db1,db2;

private DatabaseD dbm;

private DatabaseEName dbe;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);

getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,

WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);

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setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

dbm = new DatabaseD(this);

List<NameDevice> items = dbm.getAllContacts();

int k =0;

String[] device = new String[items.size()];

for (NameDevice cn : items) {

if((cn.getName()).equals("New Device")){

}

else

{

device[k++] = cn.getName();

}

}

device[k++] = "";

dbe = new DatabaseEName(this);

List<NameEmp> emps = dbe.getAllContacts();

int h =0;

String[] ename = new String[emps.size() + 1];

for (NameEmp cn : emps) {

if((cn.getName()).equals("New Emp")){

}

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else

{

ename[h++] = cn.getName();

}

}

ename[h++] = "Free";

ename[h++] = "";

spin1=(Spinner)findViewById(R.id.spinner1);

spin1.setOnItemSelectedListener(this);

ArrayAdapter<String> a1=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,

android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,

device);

a1.setDropDownViewResource(

android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);

spin1.setAdapter(a1);





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device);








ename);




}

@Override

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.

getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);

return true;

}

public void scanNow(View view)

{

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Intent intent1 = new Intent("com.google.zxing.client.android.SCAN");

intent1.putExtra("com.google.zxing.client.android.SCAN.SCAN_MODE",

"QR_CODE_MODE");

startActivityForResult(intent1, 0);

Log.d("test1", "button works!");

}

public void RemoveDevice(View view)

{

Intent intent2 = new Intent("com.google.zxing.client.android.SCAN");

intent2.putExtra("com.google.zxing.client.android.SCAN.SCAN_MODE",

"QR_CODE_MODE");

startActivityForResult(intent2, 1);

Log.d("test2", "button works!");

}

public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent)

{ boolean sinfo = false;

if (requestCode == 0)

{

if (resultCode == RESULT_OK)

{

String contents = intent.getStringExtra("SCAN_RESULT");

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String format = intent.getStringExtra("SCAN_RESULT_FORMAT");

Log.i("xZing", "contents: "+contents+" format: "+format);

db1 = new MasterDatabase(this);

sinfo = db1.fetchserialinfo(contents);

if (sinfo == false){

Intent intent1 = new Intent(MainActivity.this,

EnterDetails.class);

intent1.putExtra("str1", contents);

startActivity(intent1);

}

else{

Intent intent2 = new Intent(MainActivity.this,

ReportDetails.class);



}

// Handle successful scan

}

else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED)

{

// Handle cancel

Log.i("xZing", "Cancelled");

}

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}

else if (requestCode == 1)

{

if (resultCode == RESULT_OK)

{

String contents = intent.getStringExtra("SCAN_RESULT");

String format = intent.getStringExtra("SCAN_RESULT_FORMAT");

Log.d("xZing", "contents: "+contents+" format: "+format);

// Handle successful scan

db2= new MasterDatabase(this);

sinfo=db2.fetchserialinfo(contents);

if(sinfo==true){

Intent intent2 = new Intent(MainActivity.this, RemoveDetails.class);



}

else{

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "this device is not

present in database", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}

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else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED)

{

// Handle cancel

Log.i("xZing", "Cancelled");

}

}

}

public void checkMStatus(View view) {

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ListViewActivityM.class);

String message1 = spin1.getSelectedItem().toString();

if (message1.equals("-Select-")){

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Select a value from Spinner",

Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

else{

intent.putExtra("msg1", message1);

startActivity(intent);

}

}

public void checkReport(View view) {

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Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ListViewActivityR.class);





}

else{



}

}

public void checkEStatus(View view) {

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ListViewActivityE.class);





}

else{



}

}

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@Override

public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,

long arg3) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override

public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) {


}

}

XML Coding:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="@drawable/back" android:orientation="vertical" >

<ScrollView android:id="@+id/scrollView1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" >

<LinearLayout

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android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" >

<TableLayout android:id="@+id/tableLayout1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:shrinkColumns="0" android:stretchColumns="1" >

<TableRow android:id="@+id/tableRow1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

<TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="100dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:background="@drawable/inventory_img" /> </TableRow>

<TableRow android:id="@+id/tableRow2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop= "25px" > </TableRow>

<TableRow android:id="@+id/tableRow3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop= "30px" >

<RelativeLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:orientation="horizontal" >

<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="100dp"HCL Infosystem Ltd.


android:layout_height="90dp" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:onClick="scanNow" android:background="@drawable/scan" /> </RelativeLayout> </TableRow>


<TableRow android:id="@+id/tableRow5" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop= "20px" android:gravity="center_vertical" >

<Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner1" android:layout_width="200dp" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:background="@drawable/spinner_shape" />

<Button android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="120dp" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_gravity="left" android:layout_weight="1" android:background="@drawable/status_button" android:gravity="center" android:onClick="checkMStatus" android:text= "STATUS-M" android:padding="10dp" /> </TableRow>


<Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner2"HCL Infosystem Ltd.


android:layout_width="200dp" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:gravity="center" android:background="@drawable/spinner_shape" />

<Button android:id="@+id/button3" android:layout_width="120dp" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_gravity="left" android:background="@drawable/status_button" android:gravity="center" android:onClick="checkReport" android:padding="10dp" android:text= "STATUS-R" /> </TableRow>


<Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner3" android:layout_width="200dp" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:gravity="center" android:background="@drawable/spinner_shape" />

<Button android:id="@+id/button4" android:layout_width="120dp" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_gravity="left" android:background="@drawable/status_button" android:gravity="center" android:onClick="checkEStatus" android:padding="10dp" android:text= "STATUS-E" /> </TableRow>


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<Button android:id="@+id/button5" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:background="@drawable/remove" android:onClick="RemoveDevice" android:padding="10dp" android:text= "REMOVE DEVICE" /> </RelativeLayout> </TableRow> </TableLayout> </LinearLayout> </ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>

Java Coding:


import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Calendar;

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import java.util.Date;



import android.app.DatePickerDialog;



import android.util.Log;






import android.widget.DatePicker;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.RadioButton;


import android.widget.TextView;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class EnterDetails extends Activity implements AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener{

/*private static final String[] items = {"-Select-", "U1", "U2", "G1",

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"A2", "OTHER", ""};*/

//private static final String[] deps = {"-Select-", "MOBILITY", "LEARNING", "R&D",

"OTHER"};

private DatabaseD dbm;

private DatabaseDep dbd;

Spinner spin1, spin2;

String message1, message2, message3, message4, message5, message6;

RadioButton rg1, rg2;

Calendar dateAndTime = Calendar.getInstance();

TextView textview1, textview2, textview3, textview4;

int mYear, mMonth, mDay;

boolean sinfo = false;

EditText edit1, edit2;

boolean m=true, n=true;

@Override





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setContentView(R.layout.enter_details);

Intent intent2 = getIntent();

String content = intent2.getStringExtra("str1");

//SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy");

SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

Date today = Calendar.getInstance().getTime();

message1 = df.format(today);

textview1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView4);

textview1.setText(content);


textview2.setText(message1);


textview3.setVisibility(View.GONE);

edit1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);

//edit.setEnabled(false);

//edit.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NULL);

//edit.setFocusable(false);

edit1.setVisibility(View.GONE);

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List<NameDevice> items = dbm.getAllContacts();

int k =0;

String[] arr1 = new String[items.size()];


arr1[k++] = cn.getName();

}

dbd = new DatabaseDep(this);

List<NameDep> deps = dbd.getAllContacts();

int h =0;

String[] arr2 = new String[deps.size()];

for (NameDep cn : deps) {

arr2[h++] = cn.getName();

}


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ArrayAdapter<String> aa=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,


arr1);

aa.setDropDownViewResource(


spin1.setAdapter(aa);

//spin1.setOnItemSelectedListener(new MyOnItemSelectedListener1());



ArrayAdapter<String> aaa=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,


arr2);

aaa.setDropDownViewResource(


spin2.setAdapter(aaa);

}

public void chooseDate(View v) {

new DatePickerDialog(EnterDetails.this, d,

dateAndTime.get(Calendar.YEAR),

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dateAndTime.get(Calendar.MONTH),

dateAndTime.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH))

.show();

}

DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener d=new DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener() {

public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear,

int dayOfMonth) {

dateAndTime.set(Calendar.YEAR, year);

dateAndTime.set(Calendar.MONTH, monthOfYear);

dateAndTime.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, dayOfMonth);

mYear = year;

mMonth = monthOfYear;

mDay = dayOfMonth;

updateDisplay();

}

};

private void updateDisplay() {

String Month = String.format("%02d", (mMonth+1));

String Day = (String.format("%02d", mDay));

textview2.setText(new StringBuilder()

.append(mYear).append("-")

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.append(Month).append("-")

.append(Day).append(""));

}

public void SubmitDetails(View view) {

Intent intent = new Intent(EnterDetails.this, MainActivity.class);

//message2 = spin1.getSelectedItem().toString();


message3 = textview1.getText().toString();



//message5 = spin2.getSelectedItem().toString();

MasterDatabase db = new MasterDatabase(this);

/**

* CRUD Operations

* */

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// Inserting Contacts

Log.d("Insert: ", "Inserting ..");

if(message3 != null && message3.length() != 0)

{

if(m == true){

message2 = spin1.getSelectedItem().toString();


Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Select a value

from Spinner1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

else if(message2.equals("New Device"))

{

message2 = edit1.getText().toString();


sinfo = dbm.fetchnameinfo(message2);

if(sinfo == false){

m = false;

dbm.addContact(new NameDevice(message2));

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Item

has been added", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}else{

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Item is

already present", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

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//db.addContact(new InfoDevice(message2, message3,

message4, "Free", message5));

}

}

if (n == true){



Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Select a value

from Spinner2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

else if(message5.equals("New Dep"))

{

message5 = edit2.getText().toString();

dbd = new DatabaseDep(this);

sinfo = dbd.fetchnameinfo(message5);

if(sinfo == false){

n = false;

dbd.addContact(new NameDep(message5));

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Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Dep

has been added", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}else{

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Dep is

already present", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

//db.addContact(new InfoDevice(message2, message3,


}

}

{

if (message2.equals("-Select-") || message5.equals("-Select-")){

//Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Select a

value from Spinner", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

else

db.addContact(new InfoDevice(message2, message3,


}

}

else

{

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "You Can't Be Added, As

You Didn't Enter Full Details!!! =)",

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Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

//db.addContact(new Contact("Ssaacchhiinn", "sportsperson", "30-40",

"Male", 900000, 4.5f));

}

// Reading all contacts

Log.d("Reading: ", "Reading all contacts..");

List<InfoDevice> contacts = db.getAllContacts();

for (InfoDevice cn : contacts) {

String log = "Name: " + cn.getName() + " ,SerialNumber: " +

cn.getSerialNumber() + " ," +

"Date: " + cn.getDate() + " ,Status: " + cn.getStatus() +

" ,From: " + cn.getDepartment();

// Writing Contacts to log

Log.d("Name: ", log);

}

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);

if (message2.equals("-Select-") || message5.equals("-Select-")){

//Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Select a value from

Spinner", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

else {

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}

}

@Override


long arg3) {


if(arg0.equals(spin1)){

if ((arg0.getItemAtPosition(arg2)).equals("New Device"))

{

textview3.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);


edit1.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

//edit1.setFocusable(true);

//edit.setEnabled(true);

//edit.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT);

}

else

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{



//edit1.setFocusable(true);

}

}

else if(arg0.equals(spin2)){

if((arg0.getItemAtPosition(arg2)).equals("New Dep")){

textview4.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

edit2=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2);

edit2.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

}

else{



}

}

}

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@Override



}

}

XML Coding:


<ScrollView android:id="@+id/scrollView1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" >

<TableLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" >


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView8" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:text= "ENTER DETAILS" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" /> </TableRow>



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<TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text= "MODEL:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </TableRow>


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text= "ENTER MODEL:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<EditText android:id="@+id/editText1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:ems="10" >

<requestFocus /> </EditText> </TableRow>


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text= "S.NO:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<TextView android:id="@+id/textView4" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text= "Medium Text" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" /> </TableRow>

<TableRow android:id="@+id/tableRow6"

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android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop= "30px" >

<TextView android:id="@+id/textView5" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text= "DATE:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<TextView android:id="@+id/textView6" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:maxWidth="@dimen/standard_padding" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<Button android:id="@+id/button2" style="?android:attr/buttonStyleSmall" android:layout_width="80dp" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_weight=".5" android:background="@drawable/images1" android:onClick="chooseDate" android:text= "Select Date" /> </TableRow>


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView7" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text= "DEP(FROM):" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </TableRow>


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView9" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"

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android:text= "ENTER DEP:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<EditText android:id="@+id/editText2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:ems="10" >

<requestFocus /> </EditText> </TableRow>




<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:onClick="SubmitDetails" android:text= "SUBMIT" /> </RelativeLayout> </TableRow> </TableLayout> </ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>

Java Coding:




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import android.widget.TextView;

public class RemoveDetails extends Activity implements

AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener{

/*private static final String[] items = {"U1", "U2", "G1",


"A2", "OTHER"};*/

Spinner spin1;

TextView textview1;

String message1, message2;

private MasterDatabase db3;

private DatabaseD dbd;

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@Override






setContentView(R.layout.remove_details);

Intent intent2 = getIntent();

String content = intent2.getStringExtra("str2");

db3 = new MasterDatabase(this);

dbd = new DatabaseD(this);

List<NameDevice> items = dbd.getAllContacts();

int k =0;

String[] arrdr = new String[items.size()];


arrdr[k++] = cn.getName();

}



ArrayAdapter<String> aa=new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,

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arrdr);

aa.setDropDownViewResource(


spin1.setAdapter(aa);


textview1.setText(content);

InfoDevice contact2 = db3.getContact(content);

String msg1 = contact2.getName();

int k1 = searchStringInArray2 (arrdr, msg1);

spin1.setSelection(k1);

}

public void RemoveFromDatabase(View view) {

Intent intent = new Intent(RemoveDetails.this, MainActivity.class);




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MasterDatabase db = new MasterDatabase(this);

if(message2 != null && message2.length() != 0)

{

db.deleteContact(new InfoDevice(message1, message2, null, null, null));

}

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);


}

public int searchStringInArray2 (String[] stringArray, String z) {

int m, n=0;

for (m=0; m<stringArray.length; m++) {

if (stringArray[m].matches (z))

{

n = m;

}

}

return n;

}

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@Override


long arg3) {


}

@Override



}

}

XML Coding:


<ScrollView android:id="@+id/scrollView1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

<LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" >

<TableLayout

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android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" >


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:text= "REMOVE DETAILS" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" /> </TableRow>


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text= "MODEL:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center" android:layout_weight="2" android:gravity="center" /> </TableRow>


<TextView android:id="@+id/textView3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text= "S.NO:" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

<TextView android:id="@+id/textView4" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1"

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android:text= "Medium Text" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" /> </TableRow>









<RelativeLayout

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android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:orientation="horizontal" >

<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:background="#ffa500" android:onClick="RemoveFromDatabase" android:text= "REMOVE" /> </RelativeLayout> </TableRow> </TableLayout> </LinearLayout> </ScrollView></LinearLayout>

HCL Infosystem Ltd.


CHAPTER 06

TESTING

5.1 TESTING METHODOLOGIES:

Software testing can be looked upon as among the many process of software development

organization performance, that provide the best opportunity to correct any fault in the

developed system. System testing is a series of developed test where primary purpose is to fully

exercise the computer based system. Testing begins at the middle level and works towards the

integration of the entire candidate system. A good test is one that has high probability of

finding the yet undiscovered errors. Some of the testing methods used for testing the system

are:

5.1.1 UNIT TESTING

Unit Testing focuses on verification efforts on the smallest unit of software design of the

module. This is also known as module testing. The modules are tested separately. It is the set of

steps performed by an individual programmer prior to the integration of of the unit into larger

system. The unit testing is normally “White Box” oriented and the step can be conducted in

parallel for multiple modules. The tested modules must be up, starting with the lowest level

modules and testing one at a time. When this is finished, attention turns to those on the next

level that use the lower level ones. This Testing was carried out during the programming stage

itself. In this testing each module was found to be working satisfactorily as regard to the

expected output from the module.

5.1.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

Data can be lost across an interface; one module can have an adverse effect on another; sub

function when combined may not proceed the desired major function. Integration testing is

systematic testing for constructing the program structure, while at the same time conducting

test to uncover errors associated within the interface. The objective is to take unit tested

modules and build a program structure. All the modules are combined and tested as a whole.

Here correction is difficult because the isolation of cases is complicated by the vast expanse of

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the entire program. Thus in the integration testing step, all errors are uncovered for the next

testing steps.

5.1.3 VALIDATION TESTING

At the culmination of integration testing, software is completely assembled as a package,

interfacing errors have been uncovered and corrected and a final series of software test begins-

Validation Test. Validation testing can be defined in many ways , but a simple definition is the

validation succeeds simple definition is the validation succeeds when the software function in a

manner that can be reasonably expected by the customer. When we provided some of the raw

data for searching then at the display table shown we were getting the same name continuously

with same values in the table which was the largest ASCII valued result for the same code.

So we used the ‘trim’ function and then corrected the result and later it produced the required

result. In the display table the different attributes were coming in a spaced manner and were not

coming parallel to the logo, we then divided that space into tables and solved it. There was a

problem in table joining for showing student’s institution name with the student display table.

We then solved it by using appropriate query and solved it.

5.1.4 OUTPUT TESTING

After performing the validation testing the next step is output testing of the proposed system,

since no system could be useful if it does not produce the required output in the specific format.

The output generated or displayed by the system under consideration is tested by asking the

users about the format required by them. Here the output format is considered in two ways. one

is onscreen and another is print out format. The output format on screen is found to be correct

as the format was system design phase according on to the user needs. For the hardcopy also,

the output comes out as the specified requirement of the user. Hence output testing does not

result any correction in the system

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CHAPTER 07

IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA

6.1 JAVA

James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank, and Mike Sherdian conceived Java at Sun

Microsystems Inc. in 1991.Java is a technology that makes it easy to build distributed applications,

which are programs executed by multiple computers across a network. Being state of the art in network

programming, Java promises to expand the Internet from one arena for communications to a network on

which full-fledged applications can be run. It's break through technology will allow businesses to

deploy full-scale transaction services and real-time, interactive information content on the internet.

Java also simplifies the construction of Software Agents, programs that move across a network and

perform functions on remote computers on behalf of users.

Somewhat surprisingly, the original impetus for Java was not the Internet! Instead

the primary, motivation was the need for a platform-independent (i.e. Architecture neutral) language

that could be used to create software to be embedded in various consumer electronic devices, such as

microwave ovens and remote controllers. The trouble with C and C++ (and most other language) is that

they are designed to be compiled for a specific target. Although it is possible to compile a C++ program

for just about any type of CPU, to do so requires a full C++ compiler targeted for that CPU. The

program is that it compilers are expensive and time-consuming to create. An easier and more cost-

efficient solution was needed. In an attempt to find such a solution, Gosling and others began work on a

portable, platform-independent language that could be used to produce code that would run on a variety

of CPUs under differing environments. This effort ultimately led to the creation of Java.

Why Java is important to the Internet

The Internet helped catapult java to the forefront of programming, and java, in turn, has had a

profound effect on the Internet. The reason for this is quite simple: java expands the universe of objects

that can move about freely in cyberspace.

Java can be used to create two types of programs: applications and applets. An

application is a program that runs on your computer, under the operating system of the computer. An

applet is an application that designed to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Java-

compatible Web Browser. An applet is actually a tiny Java program, dynamically downloaded across

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the network, just like an image, sound file, or video clip. The important difference is that an applet is an

intelligent program, not just an animation or media file. In other words, an applet is a program that can

react to user input and dynamically change-not just run the same animation or sound and over.

Preference of Java

Java works every where that is from the smallest device to super computers and thus

do not care about the operating system they run on and work on any kind of platform that support Java

Platform. The user wants applications that are not limited to the desktop or even to some local computer

network, but that can Integrate Internet component as well. They want their applications to be written

quickly and correctly in a manner that takes advantage of a world of ‘reuse of rebuilt software

components’.

Easy access to a growing universe of reusable software components should be

made and all the benefits should be in a truly portable manner so that applications written in one

platform will run without any modifications on any other. All the above benefits are being derived using

Java. Java is fully an object-oriented language where objects are being created and manipulated.

Usefulness of Java

Built in security.

Ease of development.

Light weight, distributed model that eliminate the software.

Low administrative maintenance cost.

Platform independence.

Easier to create.

The feature that is best known about Java is that it can be used to create programs which execute

World Wide Web pages. These programs are called”Applets”. Other features of JAVA include

provisions for linking our applications to databases using a JDBC (Java Data Base Connectivity) driver.

Creating our own controls using Java Beans, AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) and JFC to provide a

good user interface.

The Java Platform

A platform is a hardware or software environment in which a program runs. The Java platform

differs from most other platforms in that it’s a software only platform that runs on top of the order,

hardware based platforms. Most other platforms are described as a combination of hardware and

operating system.

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The Java platform has two components.

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API).

Java VM is the base for the Java Platform and is ported onto various hardware-based

platforms.

The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide many

useful capabilities, such as Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) widgets. The Java API is grouped into

libraries (Packages) of related components. The following figure depicts a Java Program, such as

application or applet, that’s running on the Java Platform. As the figure shows, the Java API and Virtual

Machine insulates the Java program from hardware dependencies.

6.2 Features of Java

The Java can be characterized by all of the following buzzwords:

Simple and Powerful

The developer of Java based it on C++ programming language, but removed many of

the language features that are rarely or often used poorly. Specifically, Java differs from C++

in these ways:

· Java does not support the structure, union and pointer data types.

· Java does not support typedef or #define.

· Java differs in its handling of certain operators and does not permit operator

overloading.

· Java does not support multiple inheritances

· Java handles command line arguments differently from C or C++.

· Java has a string class as a part of java language package. This differs from the null

terminated array of characters as used in C or C++.

Unlike other programming systems that provide dozens of complicated ways to perform a

simple task, Java provides a small number of clear ways to achieve a given task.

Robust

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Most programs in use today fail one of the two reasons: memory management or

Exceptional conditions. Thus the ability to create robust programs was given a high priority in

the design of Java. Java checks code both at compile time and runtime. Java virtually frees the

problem of memory management by managing memory allocation and automatic memory

deallocation by providing garbage collection for unused objects. Java also handles exceptional

conditions by providing object-oriented exception handling.

Secure

Since Java works in networked environments, the issue of security is one that should be

of concern to developers. Plans are in the work for Java to use public key encryption techniques

to authenticate data. In its present form, Java puts limits on pointers so that developers cannot

forge access to memory where not permitted. These aspects of Java enable a more secure

software environment.

O bject oriented

Java was not designed to be source-code compatible with any other language. Java team

gave a clean, usable, realistic approach to objects. The object model in Java is simple and easy

to extend, while simple types, such as integers, are kept as high performance non-objects.

Technically, Java's object-oriented features are those of C++ with extensions from objective C

for dynamic method resolution.

Portable

The quality of being architecture neutral allows for a great deal of portability.

However another aspect of portability is how the hardware interprets arithmetic operations. In

C or C++, source code may run slightly differently on different systems. In Java this has been

simplified. These consistencies make it possible to have the assurance that any result on one

computer with Java can be replicated on another.

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Interpreted and high performance.

When the Java compiler translates the Java source file to byte codes, this byte code

class file can be run on any machine that has a Java interpreter or a Java enable browser. This

allows the Java code to be written independently of the user's platforms. Interpretation also

eliminates the compile and run cycle for the client because the byte codes are not specific to a

given machine. The byte code can be interpreted on any system that has a Java Virtual Machine

(JVM).

Architecturally neutral

The main issue for the Java designers was that of code longevity and portability. The Java

designers worked hard in attaining their goal “Write once; run anywhere, anytime, forever” and

as a result the Java Virtual Machine developed. Since Java is Architectural neutral it generates

byte code that resembles machine code, and is not specific to any processor.

Multithreaded

Java was designed to meet the real world requirements of creating interactive, networked

programs. To achieve this, Java support Multithreaded programming, which allows the user to

write programs that perform many functions simultaneously.

Dynamic language

Unlike C++ code, which often requires complete recompilation if a parent class is changed,

Java uses a method of interface to relieve this dependency. The result is that Java programs can

allow for new methods instance variables .

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CONCLUSION

The goal of this thesis is to describe, characterize and categorize the new mobile operating platform Android. While working on this elaboration that made positive as well as negative experience, which shall be reviewed in the following conclusion. At the same time it helps the reader to decide which mobile operating system might be convenient for him. The elaboration is divided in a more theoretical part where technical features are considered and a more practical part where an implementation of a simple application helps to assess Android. The systematic assessment of the technical features as well as features like openness of standards comes to the result that Androidis superior to its competitive systems. When the system is further developed it could become a threat to the other two systems and make them superfluous. The previous chapter demonstrates the comfortable way in which applications can be developed on the Android platform. Also in this part we came to the conclusion that Android has advantages in comparison with Symbian OS. The good information organization, the very useful examples, the well organized API and the innovative life-cycle of applications made it very easy to start developing on that system. As an overall conclusion it can be said, that the Android mobile operating system seems to be a good decision for an operating system on every cell phone. It meets all the requirements a mobile operating system has to meet in the future but practical experience in the real world is indispensable.

7.1 MAIN ADVANTAGES

• The mobile platform Android is an open platform.• The installation of Android is possible on every cell phone.• The installation of the whole environment to develop Android applications is possible on every operating system.• The emulator of the Android platform has a modern design and is easy to use.• Google offers a very good documentation as well as many examples which cover the most basic and important techniques used to get in touch with Android and the application development on it.• Android offers a real database which is SQLite.• Android uses the standardized and open programming language Java.• Android supports all established techniques and standards for media, communication and data transfer..

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7.2 : MAIN DISADVANTAGES

• No experience with Android in the “real world”.

• Not many efficient applications available

• The market leader is not present in the “Open Handset Alliance”.

• The openness regarding the source code could be a problem concerning security.

7.3 : FUTURE PROSPECTS

In the present Master Thesis technical features of mobile operating systems were usedto compare the Android platform with other mobile platforms like Symbian OS or Windows Mobile. For a future look not only actual techniques, standards and methods have to be considered. Also trends and user needs should be of interest. Which is the most important technology that is used at the moment and which will influence the future of normal and wireless communication most? These questions have to be answered if one wants to know where the future of cell phones and operating systems will be used for protection. The message “Internet is the future” which is as true now as it was in the past will most likely be the biggest challenge for cell phones and mobile operating systems in the future. the complete internet will have to take place on the cell phone as it does on the personal computer today. More cell phones than personal computers circulate around the world which shows the enormous potential of the mobile market. A successful operating system, which Andorid wants to be, has to focus on such a trend. It has to meet all possibilities of the internet, even if it is a webbrowser, connectivity standards or special applications.

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BIBLOGRAPHY

-> [GO2008-1] GoogleSecurity and Permissions in Android

http://code.google.com/android/devel/security.html

-> [GO2008-2] GoogleWhat is Andorid?

http://code.google.com/android/what-is-android.html

-> How-To Work With Google Android Database.http://sqliteman.com/

-> Wrox Professional Android 2 Application Development by Reto Meier.

-> http://mobiforge.com/developing/story/using-google-maps-android

-> http://developer.android.com/index.html

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http://developer.android.com/index.html

http://mobiforge.com/developing/story/using-google-maps-android

http://sqliteman.com/

http://code.google.com/android/what-is-android.html

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