· web viewdetermine the ph of a buffer solution using ph meter, prepared by mixing 0.075 m sodium...

M.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology First Year (Ist and 2nd Semester) Syllabi, (2015-16)

FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCESSYLLABI

FOR M.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology First Year

(Ist and 2nd Semester)

(Session: 2015-2016)

MATA GUJRI COLLEGE

FATEHGARH SAHIB-140406, PUNJAB

----------------------------------------------------------Website: matagujricollege.org Email: [email protected]

Phone no. 01763-232247, 01763-233715

Note: Copy rights are reserved

(Total pages 1-22)


M.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology First Year(Ist and 2nd Semester)

Subjects and Distribution of Marks(Academic Session 2015-2016)

Semester 1Paper code No.

Paper No.

Name of paper Credit per week

MarksInternal Marks *

External Marks

Total Marks

MBT-101 Paper I Bioanalytical Techniques 4 30 70 100MBT-102 Paper II Molecular Genetics 4 30 70 100MBT-103 Paper III Microbiology 4 30 70 100MBT-104 Paper IV Fundamentals of Biochemistry 4 30 70 100MBT-105 LC 1 Lab Course1; Pertaining to theory paper I & II 3 -- 100 100MBT-106 LC 2 Lab Course 2; Pertaining to theory paper III & IV 3 -- 100 100

Seminar/Tutotial 4 -- -- ---Total 26 120 480 600

Semester – IIPaper code No.

Paper No. Name of paper Credit per week

MarksInternal Marks *

External Marks

Total Marks

MBT-201 Paper V Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering 4 30 70 100MBT-202 Paper VI Microbial and Food Technology 4 30 70 100MBT-203 Paper VII Immunology & Immunotechnology 4 30 70 100MBT-204 Paper VIII Environmental Biotechnology 4 30 70 100MBT-205 LC 3 Lab Course 3; Pertaining to theory paper V &

VI3 -- 100 100

MBT-206 LC 4 Lab Course 4;Pertaining to theory paper VII &VIII

3 -- 100 100

Seminar and Tutorial 4 -- --- ----Total 26 120 480 600

4-6 week Industrial/institutional/survey/case study/Training. Seminar will be presented in the third semester

*Internal assessment (30): Seminar (5 Marks) MST (15 Marks), Assignment (5), Attendance/report for the seminar/symposium/industrial/Educational visit (5 marks)


M.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology First Year (Semester I)


Paper Code. MBT 101Paper I –Bioanalytical Techniques

Lectures to be Delivered 60 M. Marks : 70Time allowed: 3 Hrs Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe question paper will consist of three sections. Section A and B (Consist of unit I and II of the

syllabus, respectively) will have four questions each from respective units and candidates are required to attempt two questions each from section A and B. Each question in section A and B shall carry 12 marks. Section C will consist of 11 short answer type questions covering entire syllabus and the candidates are required to attempt all questions. Each question in section C will carry 2 marks.

Unit-IIntroduction to Biotechnology: Definition, scope and importance, national and international status of Biotechnology Centrifugation: Principles of sedimentation, types and safety aspects of centrifuge, preparative (differential centrifugation, density gradient) and analytic centrifugation. Microscopy: Introduction to microscopy, principles, instrumentation and application of Phase contrast, confocal, Fluorescent Microscopy and Electron Microscopy: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Chromatography: Introduction to chromatography, distribution coefficients, modes of chromatography (column and planer), selection criteria of stationary and mobile phase. Chromatographic performance parameters (retention time & elution volume, capacity factor, plate height), qualitative and quantitative analysis. Chromatographic techniques: Principles, procedure and application of Paper, thin layer (TLC), ion exchange, gas liquid (GLC), high performance liquid (HPLC) and affinity chromatography.Radioisotopic techniques: Types of radioactive decay, units of radioactivity, Use of radioisotopes in life sciences in life sciences, radioactive labeling, principle and application of tracer techniques, detection and measurement of radioactivity using ionization chamber, proportional chamber, Geiger- Muller and Scintillation counters, autoradiography and its applications.

Unit-IISpectroscopy: Introduction, properties of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Types of spectra, Beer’s Lambert law, molar extinction coefficient. Principle, instrumentation and applications of: UV-VIS and spectrofluorimetry.Electrophoresis techniques I: General principle and application of Agarose-gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE); sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native PAGEElectrophoresis techniques II: Principle and application of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DGE), Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), isoelectric focussing .

Nucleic acid Sequencing I: Principle, procedure and application: Maxam-Gilbert sequencing , Chain- termination Sequencing , Shotgun sequencing and Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), NG Sequencing .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Massively_parallel_signature_sequencing_.28MPSS.29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Shotgun_sequencing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Advanced_methods_and_de_novo_sequencing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Chain-termination_methods

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Chain-termination_methods

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Maxam-Gilbert_sequencing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy


Nucleic acid Sequencing II: Principle, procedure and application: pyrosequencing , Illumina (Solexa) sequencing, Single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing.

Genetic mapping: Principle procedure and application: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Sequence-tagged site mapping (STS), chromosome walking , expressed sequence tag (EST), sequencing and Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Books Recommended:

1. Essentials of molecular biology by George M. Malacinski , David Freifelder (Jones & Bartlett Publishers).

2. Freifelder D. Physical Biochemistry – Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd

Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Fransisco3. Physical chemistry of macromolecules by Charles Tanford (John Wiley and Sons).

4. Richard E. Venn, Principal and Practice of Bioanalysis. Taylor and Francis.

5. Sawhney, S.K. and Singh R, Introductory Practical Biochemistry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

6. Slater R.J. , Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York

7. Switzer R.L. and Garrity L.F. , Experimental Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York

8. Walker J. and Wilson K , Principles and Techniques-Practical Biochemistry, 5 th Edition, Cambridge University Press, London.

M.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology First Year

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_analysis_of_gene_expression

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence-tagged_site

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Single_molecule_real_time_.28SMRT.29_sequencing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Illumina_.28Solexa.29_sequencing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#Illumina_.28Solexa.29_sequencing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing#454_pyrosequencing


(Semester I)Paper Code. MBT 102

Paper II- Molecular Genetics Lectures to be Delivered 60 M. Marks : 70Time allowed: 3 Hrs Pass Marks : 35%


syllabus, respectively) will have four questions each from respective units and candidates are required to attempt two questions each from section A and B. Each question in section A and B shall carry 12 marks. Section C will consist of 11 short answer type questions covering entire syllabus and the candidates are required to attempt all questions. Each question in section C will carry 2 marks

Unit-I

Introduction to genetic materials: Genetic material (DNA & RNA: structure and types).Extra nuclear DNA: Extra chromosomal DNA (prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses.) application in biotechnology.Genome organization: Physical and genetic features of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome, gene

organization (M13, T4 retro virus).

DNA replication: Initiation, elongation and termination, extra chromosomal replicons, reverse transcription. DNA Repair and Recombination.Transcription: Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; transcription factors, enhancers, Post transcriptional modifications: intron splicing, capping and polyadenylation, Transcription inhibitors.Translation: Translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, inhibitors of translation, co-translational and post-translational modifications; protein folding, proteolysis cleavage, and chemical modification protein localization, protein secretion.

Unit-IIGene Regulations in prokaryotes: Operon hypothesis (Lac, Ara, Trp operons), stringent response, quorum sensing.Gene regulation in eukaryotes: Cell cycle and growth regulation: signal transduction. Growth factors, growth factor receptors, apoptosis; genomic imprinting and its consequences.Functional genomics: Gene function and Gene homology analysis. Comparative genomics: Gene evolution, exon shuffling; Genome annotation: Functional domain, gene ontology, Molecular phylogenetics and iRNA.Genome & Environment interaction: Heat shock and oxidative stress response; pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetic polymorphisms e.g. MDR.Application of genomics: Industry (protein engineering and antibiotic formation); Agriculture (N2

fixation, qualitative improvement of live stock) Environments (pollutant degradation); Health (development of non-toxic therapeutic agents, vaccines, gene therapy, diagnostics).

Books Recommended:


1. Genes IX by Benjamin Lewin, Jones Bartlett Publ. 2011

2. Microbial Genetics; by D. Friefelder, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1989.

3. Molecular Biology: by D. Friefelder, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1998.

4. Molecular Biology of Gene: By J.D. Watson, N.H. Hopkin, J.W. Roberts, J.A. Steing and A.M. Weings, Benamin Cummings Publication Co., Amsterdan, 2008

5. Genomes 3 by T.A.Brown. Garland Science Publ; 2007.

6. Proteome Research: New Frontiers in Functional Genomics. Eds. MR Wilkins, RD Appeal and DF Haochshauser, Springer Publ. 1997.

7. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, J.W. Dale, Wiley and Sons Ltd. 3rd Edn. 1998.



Paper Code. MBT 103Paper III- Microbiology




Unit-IIIntroduction to Microbiology: Historical developments of microbiology, scope of microbiology, brief account of organization and classification of microorganisms, Hackle’s three kingdom concept, Whittaker`s five kingdom concept, three domain concept and recent developments. General account of microorganism: Brief charcatestics and staining of prokaryotes (bacteria, archaebacteria, cyanobacteria,) eukaryotes (molds, slime molds, yeast, algae, fungi, protozoa) & viruses (bacterial, plant and animal).Microbial nutrition and culturing techniques: Macro and microelements, growth factors, nutritional categories among micro-organisms preparation of culture media (conventional and non-conventional substrates), types of media, isolation and selection of industrially important microorganisms, starter cultures, techniques for cultivation of anaerobes, maintenance and preservation of culture.Microbial growth: Definition, mathematical nature and expression of growth, measurement of growth, efficiency of growth, synchronous and diauxic growth, effect of nutrient concentration on growth rate. Batch and Continuous culture of microorganism.Microbial adaptations: Influence of environmental factors on growth: solutes and water activity, temperature, oxygen concentration, pressure , radiation. Microbial growth in natural environment; growth limitation in environmental factors (Liebig’s law of the minimum, Shelford’s law of tolerance), quorum sensing and microbial population.

Unit-IIControl of microorganisms: Pattern of microbial death, Use of physical (heat, low temperature, radiation, filter); chemical (phenolics, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, gases) and antimicrobial agents to control microorganism. Principle and applications of autoclave, Hot air oven, filter sterilization, laminar flow.Microbial genetics: Modes of bacterial recombination (conjugation, transformation and transduction in bacteria ).


Microorganisms as geochemical agents: Fitness of micro organisms as agent of geochemical change; cycles of matter and microbial interactions (phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen).Industrial fermentation systems: Types of fermentation ( batch, fed-batch and continuous, submerged, surface and solid substrate fermentation ), aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Application of microbial system: Raw materials, fermentative production and application of microbial enzymes (streptokinase) amino acids (L-glutamic acid) alcoholic beverages (beer, whiskey and rum) and industrial chemicals (biodiesel). Books Recommended:

1. Biology of micro organisms by M.T. Madigan by M.T. Madigan, J.M. Martinlzo, J. Parker, Prentice Hall, New Jersy,.

2. General Microbiology by R.Y.Stanier, J.L. Ingraham, M.L. Wheelis and P.R. Painter, Mac Millan, Hong Kong,

3. General Microbiology by H.G. Schegel, Cambridge University Press, UK . 4. Introductory Microbiology by J. Heritage, E.G.V. Evans and R.A. Killington, Cambridge

University Press, UK, 5. Microbiology by L.M. Prescott. J.P. Harleyu, D.A. Klein, WCB Pbls, England, 6. Microbiology: by A Human Perspective by E.W. Newster, C.E. Roberts. M.T. Nester, WCB

Phis, London.



Paper Code. MBT 104Paper IV - Fundamentals of Biochemistry




Unit-IBimolecules: Origin of biomolecules, types of biomolecules, composition and properties, macromolecules and their monomeric subunits. Proteins and nitrogen metabolism: Classification of amino acids, Protein classification (Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary). Nitrogen metabolism (Transamination, oxidative deamination, Urea cycle).Enzymes: Nature, classification and nomenclature of enzymes, factors affecting rate of enzymes catalyzed reaction, allosteric enzymes, isozymes.Carbohydrates: Structure and function of Monosaccharides, disaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose), polysaccharides, homopolysaccharides (starch, cellulose, chitin), heteropolysaccharides , mucopolysaccharides.Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis.Oxidative phosphorylation/respiration: Electron transport chain, Chemiosmotic model.

Unit-IILipids: Structure and function of Fatty acids, Neutral lipids (triglycerides), phospholipids (Cephalin, phosphatidyl inositol and Lecithin) . Biological membrane, membrane proteins and their function, fluid mosaic model, membrane mediated transport (passive, active, facilitated).Lipid metabolism: Biosynthesis and catabolism of fatty acids, Triglycerides, and Phospholipids. Vitamins : Introduction, Structure and function of Water soluble (B complex and Vitamin C) and fat soluble (K, E, D and A) vitamins.

Nucleotides: Structure of purines, pyrimindines, nucleosides, nucleotides . Inter nucleotide bonding , tautomerism , function of nucleotides .Nucleotide metabolism: Biosynthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine nucleotide, synthesis of


deoxyribonucleotides, degradation of purines and pyrimidines . Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments, cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow, Calvin cycle, C3,C4 and CAM, Photorespiration.

Books Recommended:1. Biochemistry, by Voet, D. and J.G. Voet, John Wiley and Co,4th Edition,2011.2. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry: by Nelson,D.L. and Cox,M.M.. CBS publishers, New

Delhi.,Sixth Edition,20123. Biochemistry, by Stryer, L., W.H. Freeman Publishers and Distribution, New Delhi.4. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, by Murray ,R.29th Edition ,20125. Biochemistry-an introduction, by Gurrand, M.L.A.I. James, Lipid., Chapman and Hall Ltd.,

London, 1980. 6. Outlines of Biochemistry, by Conn E.E. and P.K. stump, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi, 1989.7. Physical Chemistry with application to Biological system, by Chang. R. Macmillian Publishers,

1981. 8 Text Book of Biophysical chemistry (Vol. 2 and 3) by Cantor, A.W.H. Greeman and Co., 1980.9. Principles of Biochemistry, Harter, H.R. 2002



Paper Code. MBT 105Lab Course LC1- Pertaining to Theory paper-I & II

Practical Time: 6 Hrs/Week M. Marks : 100Time allowed for Examination: 5 Hrs. Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe Final practical paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will contain write up (25 Marks) from the list of practical pertaining to lab course. Section B will contain practical to perform in examination (50 Marks) Section C will contain, practical note Book Evaluation and Viva Voce (25 Marks).List of Practical for Lab Course LC1:

1. Determine the pH of a buffer solution using pH meter, prepared by mixing 0.075 M sodium acetate and 0.025 acetic acid in different proportion.Verification of Beers Lamberts law with UV-VIS spectrophotometer.

2. Determination of λmax of protein and nucleic acid from UV-VIS spectrum.3. Determination of molar extinction coefficient .4. Determination of Rf (Relative front) of amino acid with paper and Thin layer chromatography. 5. Determination of Rf (Relative front) of sugar with paper and Thin layer chromatography6. Determine the molecular weight of protein with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)7. Determination of packed cell volume (PCV) of bacteria and fungus with high speed centrifuge.8. Determination of isotope count with GM counter in the given substance.9. Performance and description of microscopes (simple, compound, phase contrast etc).

10. Determination of effect of refractive index of medium on the resolving power of microscope.11. Isolation and quantification of DNA from E. coli.12. Isolation and quantification of RNA from yeast. 13. Determination of molecular weight of DNA with agarose gel electrophoresis.14. Determination of Tm of DNA. 15. Determination of phosphate content of DNA and RNA.16. Analysis of GC content in DNA.17. Determine nucleic acid content (DNA & RNA) by photofluorimeter.



Paper Code. MBT 106Lab Course LC2-Pertaining to Theory paper-III & IV

Practical Time 6 Hrs/Week M. Marks : 100Time allowed for Examination: 5 Hrs. Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe Final practical paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will contain write up (25 Marks) from the list of practical pertaining to lab course. Section B will contain practical to perform in examination (50 Marks) Section C will contain, practical note Book Evaluation and Viva Voce (25 Marks).List of Practicals for Lab Course LC2:

1. Medium preparation(universal, differential, selective and enrichment ) and sterilization2. Isolation and enumeration of microorganism from soil, water and air (fungi and bacteria) by

spreading , streaking (types) and pour plating3. Staining of microorganism to study the morphology (size, shape, elevation, pigments, margin)4. Determination of cell size with ocular micrometer5. Determination of viability of microorganisms.6. Determination of Coliforms bacteria in water.7. Determination of microbial load on the surface with swab test.8. Determine (a) Lag, log and exponential phase (b) Generation time and doubling time from

growth curve of bacteria.9. Effect of temperature, pH and radiations on the growth of bacteria.10. Production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.11. Qualitative test for proteins. 12. Determination of pKa value of amino acid.13. Determination of protein by Biuret and Lowry’s method.14. Qualitative test for carbohydrates.15. Determination of total sugars by anthrone method.16. Determination of reducing sugars by Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNSA)17. Determination of cholesterol-total, free and esterified.18. Determine vitamin C content in a citrus fruit by titration method.19. Isolation of casein protein from milk.20 Determination of starch content from wheat flour.


M.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology First Year (Semester II)

Paper Code. MBT 201Paper V-Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering




Unit-IIntroduction: Bioprocess & Bioprocess engineering, biochemical engineering. Upstream and down stream processing (USP and DSP).Kinetics of microbial growth: Monod growth kinetics, batch, fed-batch and continuous systems and their

applications.

Sterilization principles and practices: Media sterilization, kinetics of medium sterilization, thermal death time (TDT), D, Z and F value, batch and continuous sterilization systems, filter sterilization of air and media.Bioreactors: Construction of Bioreactor, Types (STR, bubble column, airlift, packed bed fluidized. Cylindro-conical, cyclone column), valves and steam traps, sterilization of bioreactors.Aeration and agitation: The structural components of the bioreactors involved in aeration and agitation and their design; mass transfer coefficient (KLa), determination of KLa, factors affecting KLa value in bioprocess. Heat transfer coefficient.Bioprocess control and monitoring systems: Sensors (inline, on line, off line), Methods of measuring process variables (temperature, flow rate, pressure, biomass, dissolved oxygen, oxygen in air, stirring, pH), computers application in fermentation technology.

Unit-IIFermentation Broth Rheology: Viscosity, Rheological Properties of Fermentation Broths, Factors

affecting broth viscosity

Down stream processing (DSP): Methods of cell separation from fermentation medium (foam separation,

flocculation, filtration and centrifugation) Cell disruption (physical and chemical methods).

Recovery/purification of bioproducts: Solid-liquid extraction, dialysis, liquid-liquid extraction,

Principle and application of chromatographic techniques (paper, TLC, ion exchange, molecular sieve,

affinity, hydrophobic, high performance liquid chromatography, gas liquid chromatography), distillation


and drying.

Scale up: optimization and scale up of bioprocesses.

Bioprocess economics: Economic analysis of projects, project selection, R & D planning for projects;

Techno-economic parameters for commercial evaluation of bioprocesses; Capital cost; Direct and indirect

manufacturing costs.

Books Recommended:1. Bioprocess Engineering by Michael L. Shuler and Fikret Kargi. Pearson Education London UK 2. Bioprocess Engineering Principles by Pauline M. Doran. Academic Press San Dieo California 3. Biochemical Engineering by A. Aiba, A.E. Humphery and N.F. Mkili University of Tokyo.4. Biotechnology Vol : 1, 2 and 7 by Moo Young, Pergamoon Press, NY.5. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 2 by Moo Young, Pergamnon Press, NY.6. Fundamentals of Biotechnology by P. Prave, F. Eaus, W. Sitting and D.A. Sukatech, ECH

Weinheim.7. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals by J.E. Bailley and D.F. Ollis, McGraw Hill Co., NY.8. Methods in Industrial Microbiology by B. Sikyata, Ellis Horwood Ltd., London.9. Principles of Fermentation Technology by P.F. Stanbury and A. Whitaker, Pergamnon Press,

NY.10. Principles of Microbial and Cell Cultivation by S.J. Pirt. Black Well Scientific Publications,

London.



Paper Code. MBT 202Paper VI-Microbial and Food Technology




Unit-IIntroduction: Introduction to microbial food technology and its applicationsMicrobial Food spoilage: Causes of food spoilage, types of spoilage, organism for food spoilage, factors affecting the growth of microorganisms in food, Food poisoning, food intoxications and infections. Bacterial food borne diseases (salmonellosis, typhoid, shigellosis, Botulism). Mycotoxins (Aflatoxin, Patulin) Factors Affecting the Growth of Micro-organisms in Foods: Intrinsic Factors ( Nutrient Content, pH and Buffering Capacity, Redox Potential, Antimicrobial Barriers and Constituents, water Activity), Extrinsic Factors( Relative Humidity, Temperature, Gaseous Atmosphere) and Implicit Factors affecting the growth of microorganism in food. Microbiological Examination of Foods: Indicator Organisms, Direct Examination; cultural techniques, enumeration Methods (plate Count and most Probable Number Counts) Alternative Methods (Dye-reduction Tests, electrical methods, ATP Determination), Rapid Methods for The Detection of Specific Organisms and Toxins (Immunological Methods, DNA/RNA Methodology and sub typing). Techniques for cultivation of anaerobes.The Microbiology of Food Preservation-I: Heat Processing (Pasteurization and Appertization, Quantifying the Thermal Death of Microorganisms D, Z and F Values) and Low-Temperature Storage (Chilling and Freezing). The Microbiology of Food Preservation-II: High pressure; Pascalization, Modification of Atmosphere, Chemical Preservatives (Organic Acids, Nitrite, sulfur Dioxide, natural Food Preservatives) control of Water Activity. Irradiation (Microwave and UV Radiation).

Unit-IIMicrobial quality criteria for food: Introduction, information required to establish a criteria, types of criteria, sampling plans (Two and three class plans), problems involved in use of criteria.Food Microbiology and Public Health: Food Hazards, significance of food borne disease, Incidence of food borne Illness, risk factors associated with food borne Illness, emerging Pathogens, site of food borne


Illness.Food Sanitation & Hygiene : Importance of hygiene & sanitation in food industry, cleaning agents, disinfectants, personal hygiene of food handler.Microbial production of food additives: Raw materials, culture, fermentative production process and application of amino acids (L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid) and bioflavours.Microbial production of polysaccharides: Fermentative production and application of xanthan gums, dextrins, and cyclodextrins.Microbial Production of vitamins: Raw materials, culture, fermentative production process and application of Thiamin (B-1), and riboflavin (B-2).Books Recommended:

1. Prescott and Dunn’s industrial microbiology by B. Reed McMillan Publishers Ltd., Connecticut.

2. Principles of fermentation technology by P. F. Stan bury, A, Whitaker and Hall, Pergamon Press, NY.

3. Comprehensive Biotechnology by Moo Young (Vol. 3 and 4), Pergamon Press, NY, 1985.

4. Fundamentals of Biotechnology by P. Praive, B. Fraust, W. Sitting and D. A. Sukatesh WCH Weinheim.

5. Biotechnology, Principles and Applications by J. Higgins, D. J. Bestand j. Jones, Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.

6. Biotechnology by R. H. Rehm and G. Reed (Vol 4, 5, 6 and 7a), Verlag Press, NY, 1982 and 1987.

7. Essays in applied microbiology by J. R. Norris and M. H. Richmong: John Wiley and Sons, NY.

8. Yeast Biotechnology by D. R. Berry, I. Russel and G.G. Stewart: Allen and Unwin, Boston.

9. Microbial Biotechnology, Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology by A. N. Glazerand H. Nikaido, W. H. Freeman and Co., NY.

10. Biotechnology: Food Fermentation Technology by V. K. Joshi and A. Pandey, Educational Publishers and Distributers, New Delhi.



Paper Code. MBT 203Paper VII - Immunology & Immunotechnology


INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe question paper will consist of three sections. Section A and B (Consist of unit I and II of the syllabus, respectively) will have four questions each from respective units and candidates are required to attempt two questions each from section A and B. Each question in section A and B shall carry 12 marks. Section C will consist of 11 short answer type questions covering entire syllabus and the candidates are required to attempt all questions. Each question in section C will carry 2 marks

Unit-IIntroduction and scope of immunology: History, types of immunity, innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity.Antigens and MHC: Antigens-properties, haptens, epitopes, super antigens; MHC-structure and function of major histocompatibility complex I and II. Cells and organs of immune system: Cells involved in immune system, organs of immune system, lymphocytes, macrophages.Humoral immune response: Immunoglobulins-types, structure, distribution, function, molecular biology of immunoglobulin synthesis, organization of immunoglobulin genes; B cells-development.Complement system: Classical and alternate pathway, consequences.Cell mediated immune response: T cells , mechanism of cell mediated immune response; Interferons; Cytokines & their interactions and functions

UNIT-IIHypersensitivity: Mechanism of type I, II , III and IV immune reactions; Disorders related to hypersensitivity Type I and Type II.Autoimmunity: Mechanism of autoimmunity, diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, Diabetes, SLE, Pernicious anaemia) and treatment.Immunomodulation: Adjuvants as immunomodulators, Immunosuppressive drugsImmunization and vaccines: Active and passive immunization; Vaccines-traditional and modern vaccines.Immune response assays: Methods to assay humoral immune response (agglutination, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, RIA, fluorescent assays, ELISA), immunoblot.Hybridoma technology: Production of monoclonal antibodies, applications of monoclonal antibodies in


diagnosis and therapy and in biomedical research.Books Recommended:

1. Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abbas, A.K. Lichtman, A.H. Pober, J.S. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadephia.

2. Immunology by A.I. Prentice Hall International London.3. Essential Immunology: 7th Edn., Roitt I.M. Blackwell Scientific Pub.4. Immunology: IInd Edn., Kuby Janis, W.H. Greenman and Co., New York.5. Immunology, Tizard, I.R. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.6. The experimental Foundation of Modern Immunology, Clark, W.R. 3rd Ed. John Wiley and

Sons. New York, 1986.7. Benjamin E. Immunology: A short course 3rd Edition, John Wiley ,New York



Paper Code. MBT 204Paper VIII-Environmental Biotechnology


INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe question paper will consist of three sections. Section A and B (Consist of unit

I and II of the syllabus, respectively) will have four questions each from respective units and candidates are required to attempt two questions each from section A and B. Each question in section A and B shall carry 12 marks. Section C will consist of 11 short answer type questions covering entire syllabus and the candidates are required to attempt all questions. Each question in section C will carry 2 marks

Unit-IEnvironment Biotechnology: Introduction to environment, environment pollution, nature of pollutants, biochemical and physiological effects of pollutants on plants, animals and microbes, biomarkers.Environmental applications of biotechnology: Municipal waste treatment, heavy metal contamination, low molecular weight organic compounds, mineral leaching, microbial enhanced oil recovery, bioremediation, biological deodorization.Waste Management: Types, Sources and Properties of Solid waste, Management of solid waste, Laboratory and equipment design for containment of biohazards, stoichiometry and kinetics of waste treatment.Aerobic treatment technology I: Principle, working and application of Activated sludge (AS), Completely mixed conventional activated sludge (CCAS), contact stabilizer (CSAS), step aeration (SAAS), completely mixed (CMAS), extended aeration (EAAS), pure oxygen or high purity oxygen (POAS), tapered aeration (TAAS) systems.Aerobic treatment technology II: Principle, working and application of Aerated lagoons, aerobic and facultative trickling filters and rotating biological contactors, sludge characterization, land farming and composting and vermicomposting.Anaerobic Treatment technology: Principle, working and application of anaerobic technologies: anaerobic decomposition, anaerobic filter reactor, anaerobic contact reactor, fluidized bed reactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), anaerobic baffled reactor, mechanism of anaerobic fermentation, biodegradation of organic compounds, factors affecting process operation.

Unit-IIBio-energy production from waste: Bio fuel cells, fermentative production of liquid fuels (ethanol and butanol), hydrogen gas production, biogas technology (raw materials, biochemistry, microbiology, biogas plant, factors affecting biogas production. Treatment of waste air: Types of Air pollutants, Engineered systems for Air Pollution control, control devices for Particulate contaminants, control devices for gaseous contaminants, Biological technologies of waste air treatment.


Metal Microbe interaction: Bioleaching Types and Processes, bio-mining-microbiology, biochemistry and applications.Bioremediation approaches to waste treatment: Bioremediation, Types of Bioremediation, Development of Bioremediation technology for Heavy metal, Textile waste and various Industrial wastewaters.An Environmental assessment of Biotechnological processes: Ecological consequences for release of Genetically engineered microorganisms, Measures for GEM’s, risk assessment techniques and regulation.Biosensors: Definition, types of biosensors, advantages and disadvantages of biosensor, construction of biosensors, Development of Biosensors for heavy metal ions, pathogens, insecticides and pesticides.Books Recommended:

1. A text book of biotechnology by R. C. Dubey. S. Chand & company Ltd.. New Delhi. (2002).

2. Indutrial water pollution Control, W. Wesley Elbenfields-jr. Mcgraw Hill international Editions (1998).

3. Biotechnology-Applications to environmental protection. First Edition 1993, Published by Mo MeraPandey, for Himalaya Publishing House.

4. Advances in Industrial waste water treatment edited by P. K. Goel, Technoscience publications, First Editions, 1999.

5. Commercial Biotechnology- An by Elsevier Science publishers B. V., Amsterden, The Newdesk.

6. Environmental Engineering Howard and Peevy, Donald R. Rowe and George Technologies, McGraw Hill International Edition.

7. Protein Immobilization: Fundamentals and applications edited by Richard F. Taylor, 1991.

8. Basic Environmental Science by G. S. P. Iyer, Educational Publishers and Distributers, New Delhi, 1997.



Paper Code. MBT 205Lab Course- LC3:Pertaining to Theory paper- VI & VIII


INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe Final practical paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will contain write up (25 Marks) from the list of practical pertaining to lab course. Section B will contain practical to perform in examination (50 Marks) Section C will contain, practical note Book Evaluation and Viva Voce (25 Marks).List of Practical for Lab Course LC3

1. Introduction to laboratory scale bioreactor and its fabrication.

2. Determination of thermal death time of culture and evaluation of sterilization techniques.

3. Determination of growth and product kinetics for ethanol production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

4. Evaluation of cell disruption technique for extraction of intracellular components in Bacteria.

5. Evaluation of effectiveness of biomass harvesting techniques in down stream processing (DSP).

6. Precipitation of protein by ammonium sulfate and Acetone.

7. Purification of protein by HPLC

8. Determination of Molecular weight of protein by electrophoresis

9. Determination of aeration capacity of fermentor (KLa)

10. Scale up Bioreactor.

11 Isolation and identification of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) from spoiled food; fruits, milk products and canned foods.

12. Inhibitory effect of low temperature and salt concentration on microbial growth.13. Production and analysis of red and white wine.15. Distillation for the separation of bio-ethanol16. Production of Vinegar.17. Methylene blue reduction test (MBRT) for microbial contamination of milk.



Paper Code. MBT 206Lab Course LC4-Pertaining to Theory paper-VII & VIII


INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER/CANDIDATEThe Final practical paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will contain write up (25 Marks) from the list of practical pertaining to lab course. Section B will contain practical to perform in examination (50 Marks) Section C will contain, practical note Book Evaluation and Viva Voce (25 Marks).List of Practical for Lab Course (LC4)

1. Immunization of animals via different routes.

2. Determination of TLC and DLC.

3. Enumeration of T and B cells in human body.

4. Purification of IgG from serum by column chromatography.

5. Determination of antigen and antibody reaction by rocket immuno-electrophoresis.

6. Fractionation of anti-serum against an antigen by two dimensional electrophoresis.

7. Radial immuno-diffusion test.

8. Determination of titer of serum by indirect haemagglutination cell mediated immunity by leucocyte migration inhibition test and Antibodies by ELISA method.

9. Estimation of CH-50 activity of serum sample.

10. Determination of phagocytic activity and NBT reduction by macrophages.

11. Characterization of industrial effluents for pH, TS, TDS, TSS, alkalinity and hardness parameters.


12. Evaluation of population potential of waste materials as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD).

13. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in various effluents.

14. Isolation of phage from sewage.

15. Determination of pesticides in food and soil.

16. Determination of heavy metal ions in industrial effluents.

17. Development of biosensor (enzyme based/ microbe based) for monitoring heavy metal ion/pesticides in the environment.

18. Development of a small scale vermicomposting unit for waste utilization.

19. Practical knowledge and working of incinerators.

20. Isolation of Metal tolerant bacterial strains from waste water.

21. Construction of a biogas plant for methane production.

· web viewdetermine the ph of a buffer solution using ph meter, prepared by mixing 0.075 m sodium...

Documents