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KIVANÇ ENERJİ ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM LTD. ŞTİ. KESME REG AND HEPP PROJECT INFORMATION FILE

E2065 v28KIVANC ENERJI ELEKTRIK

URETIM LTD. STI.

KESME REGULATOR AND HEPP PROJECT INFORMATION FILE

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SECTION I. PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS *

1.a) Workflow Chart, Capacity, Area, Technology of the Project and the Number of Personnel to be employed

The project includes installation of Kesme Regulator and HEPP facilities in the Province of Kahramanmaraş, Pazarcık District, Narlı Town, on Aksu Creek, in the neighbourhood of Fars Hill – Sarıkaya Hill – Kesme Ridge – Çarıkyurlar Ridge by Kıvanç Enerji Elektrik Üretim San. Tic. A.Ş. (Kıvanç Energy Electricity Generation Industry and Trade Inc. Co.).

Annually 16,077 GWh energy generation in average is aimed at Kesme Regulator and HEPP that will have an installed power of 4.832 MW.

22,810 hectare area in total are irrigated in Narlı and Kahramanmaraş Plains by Kartalkaya Dam, which was constructed on Aksu creek located in the 5 km northwest of Pazarcık district in Kahramanmaraş province and was taken into operation in 1971. Additionally, the water is delivered for drinking, utility and industrial water demand of Gaziantep province. Kesme Regulator and HEPP project are located in the upstream of existing Kartalkaya Dam. After the waters are used through Kesme Regulator and HEPP project, they will be discharged into the existing Dehliz Regulator regulating the irrigation waters in the downstream.

In the scope of Kesme Regulator and HEPP project, one water intake structure and a 1700 m long transmission canal following it, 1 forebay, 50 m long penstock and 1 power house with its units and 300 m long energy transmission line having 33 kV voltage will be constructed.

Table 1 Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project Annual Average Energy Generation

Energy Generated Annual AverageGeneration (GWh)

Firm Energy 0,000Secondary Energy 16,007Total Energy 16,007

The construction works for Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project will start with the transportation of the material required for the installation of the construction site and the rehabilitation of the road providing access between Regulator’s axis location and HEPP building. Timetables demonstrating the workflow charts of the project included in Kesme Regulator and HEPP construction are presented in Table 2 below.

*: The original Report (in Turkish) was approved by Turkish authorities. Only sections relevant to environmental impacts and monitoring has been translated to English for Infoshop disclosure

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Table 2 Kesme Regulator and HEPP Workflow Chart and Timetables

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In the scope of regulator and HEPP project, planned by KIVANÇ Enerji, construction of regulator, transmission canal, forebay, penstock and powerhouse will be conducted. The field sizes of aforementioned units are included in the Table 3 presented below.

Table 3 Field Sizes of the Project UnitsUnits Area (m2)Regulator 3.200Power House and Switchgear 2.600Office Buildings, Canteen, Dormitory , Warehouse, Administrative Guesthouse

2.400

Crushing and Screening Plant – Concrete Plant 2.600

The impact area of Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project, during construction and operation periods is identified by the concurrent evaluation of the impacts, which may occur in the settlement near regulator axis and around HEPP construction, on environmental, economical and social aspects. The construction stage will not have a negative impact for the natural life in settlements surrounding the regulator axis. The project is a power plant with reservoir and it is anticipated that 320.000 m 2 land will be flooded. However, there are no settlements on the land that will be included in the reservoir.

The tunnels planned to construct in the project will be opened by means of loosening blastings when required. Ventilation will be installed to prevent the staff working inside the tunnels from being affected by the dust. The dust occurring due to the loosening blastings inside the tunnel will not spread since it will precipitate in the tunnel.

Kesme HEPP energy project consists of a regulator, transmission canal, forebay, penstock, power plant and energy transmission line of which the characteristics are indicated below. Project facilities regarding the HEPP are listed below;

Project Characteristics

HydrologyProject rainfall area : 1 125 km2

Kartalkaya Dam’s location, annual average flow : 13.60 m3/hKartalkaya Dam’s location, annual average flow : 428.59 hm3

Q2 110.00 m3/hQ5 194.00 m3/hQ10 259.00 m3/hQ25 351.00 m3/hQ50 425.00 m3/hQ100 505.00 m3/hMax. flowrate of cycling for Kesme regulator : 23.00 m3/h

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Regulator

Type : With tainter gate and uncontrolled spillway

Riverbed : 655 m

Riverbed Elevation : 10 m

Regulator length : 70 m

Tainter gate bottom sluice threshold elevation : 658 m

Tainter gate top elevation : 665 m

Tainter gate Dimensions (B x H) (2 pieces) : 8 m x 7 m

Uncontrolled spillway threshold elevation (N.S.S.) : 664 m

Body top elevation : 665 m

Uncontrolled spillway width : 20 m

Maximum water elevation : 664.6 m

Transmission Canal

Type : With rectangular section, open

Length : 1 700 m

Slope : 0.0004

Base Width : 5.00 m

Water Level : 3.05 m

Capacity (Qmax) : 23 m3/h

Forebay

Length : 45 m

Width : 15 m

Nominal Water Level : 663.07 m

Maximum Water Level : 663.65 m

Minimum Water Level : 660.07 m

Penstock

Diameter : 2.60 m

Length : 50 m

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Wall thickness : 8-10 mm

Hydroelectric Power Plant

Type : Horizontal Francis

Installed Power : 4.852 MW

Project flowrate : 23 m3/h

Number of units : 2 identical

Power of unit : 2.426 MW

Tail water elevation : 638.40 m

Gross head : 25.60 m

Net head : 24.44 m

Rotational Speed : 500 rot/min

Unit Transformers :

Type : Outdoors, oil-immersed

Number : 3

Power : 3 000 kVA

Nominal Voltage : 6.3/33 kV

Frequency : 50 Hz

Vector groups : Dyn 11

Cooling : OFAF

Station Service Transformer

Type : Oil cooled outdoors type

Number : 2

Power : 100 kV, 6.370.4 kV

Frequency : 50 Hz

Vector groups : Dyn 5

Cooling : OFAF

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During 24 months of period starting from the construction of Kesme Regulator and HEPP project planned by KIVANÇ Enerji until the completion of construction, 100 persons are planned to be employed as demonstrated in the workflow chart.

During the operation activity that is anticipated to begin following the completion of the construction, directly 10 persons are estimated to be employed permanently and the staff requirement will be principally provided from the nearby villages.

Employment opportunities will be available for the local communities at the construction and operation stages of the project. Moreover, most of the social needs of the staff will be supplied from the nearby settlements and those activities as well will create an additional income for the local communities.

1.b) Use of Natural Resources (Land Use, Water Use, Used Energy Type etc.)

22.810 hectare area in total are irrigated in Narlı and Kahramanmaraş Plains by Kartalkaya Dam, which was constructed on Aksu creek located in the 5 km northwest of Pazarcık district in Kahramanmaraş province and was taken into operation in 1971. Additionally, the water is delivered for drinking, utility and industrial water demand of Gaziantep province. Kesme Regulator and HEPP project are located in the upstream of existing Kartalkaya Dam. After the waters are used through Kesme Regulator and HEPP project, they will be discharged into the existing Dehliz Regulator regulating the irrigation waters in the downstream. Sır Enerji project hydroelectric power plant having an installed power of 8 MW, which was developed by the private sector and is under construction, is located at the slope of Kartalkaya dam as bottom power plant. Energy generation is planned with the waters delivered for irrigation or sluiced waters from Karakaya dam by Kesme Regulator and HEPP project. It will be constructed and operated in a way not to hinder Dehliz regulator and irrigation.

Kesme Regulator and HEPP project is a plant with reservoir. It is anticipated that approximately 320.000 m2 land will be flooded by Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project. However, there are no settlements on the land that will be included in the reservoir. This plant will generate energy with the waters delivered for irrigation or sluiced waters from Kartalkaya dam and it will be constructed and operated in a way not to hinder Dehliz regulator and irrigation.

Water usage within the scope of Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project is not in question. HEPPs are not water consuming plants. The same amount of water treated through the turbines for electricity generation will be returned into the riverbed. 100 l/h water will be discharged for the continuity of living species and ecosystem.

In the scope of the project; 4,300 m3 excavation will come out during the construction of regulator, water intake structure, etc., 15,615 m3 during transmission canal, 1,990 m3 during forebay, 9.90 m3 during penstock and 1,820 m3 during HEPP building and tail water canal. The total excavation to be formed is 23.734,9 m3. Aggregate materials that will be required at the construction of engineering structures in the scope of Kesme Regulator and HEPP project are around 30.000 m3.

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It is considered that 50% of the excavation materials that will be generated during the construction activities, will be converted to the appropriate sizes at the crushing-screening plant and then will be utilized for concrete production and the rest will be utilized either as backfill material for the roads constructed/rehabilitated or during the rehabilitation of the equipment area. The rest of the required aggregate material will be supplied from 2 borrow pits. The vegetative soil obtained during the excavation will be stored under suitable conditions in the area of the unit to be excavated or nearby, and will be used in the rehabilitation and/or landscaping activities.

2 material sites demonstrated on the topographical map in the Appendix 1 are designated as borrow pit locations and one is close (50 m distance) to the power plant location and the other is to the regulator location. Sand-pebbles available in those sites have the characteristics to meet the demands in terms of both quantity and quality.

Electricity energy will be needed at all stages of the project. The project itself is a project intended for electricity generation and part of the energy demand at the construction stage will be provided by the existing substation and the other part by generators.

The major water usage at the construction stage of the project will be for concrete production, prevention of dust emission and drinking-using water of the staff. The water necessary for concrete plant and prevention of dust emission will be supplied from Aksu creek. Drinking and utility water will be supplied from the spring waters existing near the construction site to be installed. The domestic water demand of 100 persons that will be working at the construction stage as a result of the calculations made is as follows;

Qdomestic = 100 N * 0.150 m3/N*day = 15 m3/day

In the same way, 50 m3 water for washing the concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers and approximately 2,000 m3 water in total during the project period for concrete production will be required. The amount of water to be used in addition to the measures applied to prevent the dust emission occurring during the construction activities may change depending on the surface geometry of the material to be transported, meteorological conditions of the environment before and after watering and topographic condition of the land to be excavated.

There will not be any use of the natural resources except those mentioned during the activity.

1.c) Amount of Wastes Generated (Solid, Liquid, Gas etc.) and Chemical, Physical and Biological Characteristics of the Wastes

The waste and environmental impacts listed below in headings are expected to occur at the construction and operation stages of Kesme Regulator and HEPP project. Any solid, liquid and gas waste and emissions are not expected to generate after the activity is closed for operation.

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I. Amount of Wastes Generated at the Construction Stage and Chemical, Physical and Biological Characteristics of the Wastes

I.I Solid wastes:

Wastes that will be generated at the construction stage of the planned activity will consist of excavation resulting from excavation works, construction iron, wood wastes used for formworks, packaging materials and similar solid wastes. Among those wastes the recyclable materials such as iron, steel, metal and similar will be collected separately from the other wastes and will be sold as scrap. Formwork wood wastes to be formed will be collected in specific time intervals. Collected wood wastes will be delivered to the surrounding villagers if there is any demand. Non-recyclable wastes will be collected in the closed waste bins and will be disposed to the solid wastes disposal area of the Municipality of Pazarcık.

100 persons from different occupational groups will work at site arrangement and construction stages. The amount of domestic solid waste to be generated by the staff is expected as follows based on 1.34 kg value;

100 persons * 1.34 kg/person*day = 134 kg/day

The amount of domestic solid waste produced at the construction stage of the project is calculated as 134 kg/day and the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814 will be complied with regarding those wastes.

It is considered that 50% of the excavation materials that will be generated during the construction activities (23,734.9 m3), will be converted to the appropriate sizes at the crushing-screening plant and then will be utilized for concrete production and the rest will be utilized either as backfill material for the roads constructed/rehabilitated or during the rehabilitation of the equipment area. The vegetative soil obtained during the excavation will be stored under suitable conditions in the area of the unit to be excavated or nearby, and will be used in the rehabilitation and/or landscaping activities. The amounts of excavation to be conducted are presented in Table 4 below in the light of the data of Kesme Regulator and HEPP revised feasibility report.

I.II Waste Oils:

Oil changes of the heavy equipment and cars to be utilized during the project will be performed in every 200 hours. Since the works will be carried out for 8 h/day and 26 days/month and vehicle oil changes will be performed periodically in the licensed gas stations, there will not be any waste oil formation originated from those vehicles.

I.III Wastewater:

The major water usage at the construction stage of the project will be for concrete production, prevention of dust emission and drinking-using water purposes for the staff. The water necessary for concrete plant and prevention of dust emission will be supplied from Aksu creek. Drinking and utility water will be supplied from the spring waters existing near the construction site to be installed. The domestic water demand of 100 persons that will be working at the construction stage as a result of the

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Calculations made is estimated to be 15 m3. In the same way, 50 m3 water for washing the concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers and approx 2,000 m3 water in total during the project period for concrete production will be required. The amount of water to be used in addition to the measures applied to prevent the dust emission occurring during the construction activities may change depending on the surface geometry of the material to be transported, meteorological conditions of the environment before and after watering and topographic condition of the land to be excavated.

Table 4 Amounts of Excavation Formed in the Scope of Kesme Regulator and HEPP UNIT NAME m³ m³Regulator 4.300Industrial manufacturing excavation on any kind of loose rock ground 700Ground excavation with equipment other than Marshy Loose Rock and rocky ground 1.400Loose Rock Ground Excavation with Equipment 1.060Soft Rock Excavation with Equipment without using Explosives 1.140Transmission Canal 15.615Ground excavation with Equipment other than Marshy Loose Rock and Rocky Ground 4.500Canal excavation on any kind of Loose Rock Ground 4.625Soft Rock Excavation with Equipment without using Explosives 4.160Hard rock excavation with Equipment and Using Explosives 5.330Forebay 1.990Industrial manufacturing excavation on any kind of loose rock ground 400Ground excavation with Equipment other than Marshy Loose Rock and Rocky Ground 130Loose Rock Ground Excavation with Equipment 860Soft Rock Excavation with Equipment without using Explosives 600PenstockExcavation with Equipment 10,88

Sedimentation PoolExcavation with Equipment

HEPP Power Plant Building, Administrative Buildings etc. 1.820Rock Excavation 950Soft Rock excavation 230Any Kinds of Ground Excavation Except Rocky and Marshy Ground 640Total 23.734,9

As a result of those activities; wastewater will be produced from the employees and due to washing of the mixers included in the concrete plant, vehicle mixers transporting the concrete and concrete aggregate to be used for concrete production. Considering that all the daily water demand of the staff is converted into domestic wastewater at the construction stage, daily produced domestic wastewater amount will be 15 m3. As a result of concrete aggregate and washing of mixers, 50 m3

wastewater with high suspended solid content will be generated.

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Domestic wastewaters generated by the staff will be collected in the cesspool that will be drilled in a suitable spot and of which tightness to the underground will be maintained through proper techniques, and it will be periodically discharged to the system where the municipality discharges the sewerage after vacuuming the cesspool with sewage trucks. Provisions of the Article 25 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution will be taken into account on this issue. The dimensions of the cesspool tank that is planned to be constructed is determined as 5*5*3 = 75 m3 in the context of the Regulation on the Pits to be excavated where Sewer System Construction is not Possible enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 19.03.1971 and No. 13783. Moreover, the provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687 will be complied with on this issue.

Wastewater generated from the washing of concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers will be reused for washing of concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers processes after being treated in the sedimentation pool planned to be constructed. The provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687 and Fisheries Law No. 1380 will be complied with on this issue.

I.IV Air Pollution and Emissions:

Temperature, pressure and wind play an active role on air pollution transport. In this regard, the meteorological data from the Meteorological station of the Kahramanmaraş Province, which demonstrate the project site at most, are presented below.

According to the annual data of this station, the average annual maximum temperature in the district is 44.3 0C, and average annual minimum temperature is -9 0C. The limit air temperature data of the region and other meteorological elements are presented in Table 5.

As a result of the measurements taken in the region by the Turkish State Meteorological Service, annual blowing wind numbers and directions are demonstrated in detail in the below graphic.

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As a result of the measurements taken in the region by the Turkish State Meteorological Service, annual blowing wind numbers and directions are demonstrated in detail in the below graphic.

The Province of Kahramanmaraş, where the project will be realised, is among the cities facing the air pollution on the first degree. The primary reason for this is wood and coal used for heating during the winter season. And the traffic is the second reason for this. According to the data provided by the Environmental Status of the Province of Kahramanmaraş there are 96,500 vehicles registered at the provincial traffic registry.

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Table 5 Meteorological Elements Table

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There are no industries in the region where Kesme Regulator and HEPP facilities are located other than village settlements. The nearest Bölükçam village is located in the 1.050 m south of where the regulator construction will be conducted. The nearest settlement to the power plant building is Davutlar quarter located in the 1.050 m northwest. The nearest settlement to Borrow Pit I is Davutlar quarter located in the northwest of the site at 800 m distance. The nearest settlement to Borrow Pit II is Bölükçam village located in the south of the site at 1.000 m distance. In addition to the fact that there are no industries in the region, there are no constructions and similar activities that may generate dust, noise, and water and soil pollution.

The activities that will cause dust formation during the construction activities are; excavation works, explosions, loading-unloading aggregate to/from the trucks in the borrow pits, operations performed in crushing-screening-washing plant and concrete plant, movements of construction equipment on the road, loading-unloading excavation material to/from the trucks and storage of excavation material. The dust emission mentioned above in the context of the report is calculated based on the worst case scenarios assuming no preventive measures are taken, and the dust amount resulting all those operations are compared with the limit values that are originated from the locations other than chimneys stated in the Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities (RCAPOIF) Annex 2 and the air quality contribution values are required to be calculated when exceeded. Other emissions that will affect the air quality at the construction stage consist of the exhaust gas emissions of the construction equipment to be used.

The dust emission factors used for the calculation of dust emission formations;Transportation (dust raised from the roads) = 0,7 kg/km-vehicleLoading of material = 0,01 kg/tonUnloading of material = 0,01 kg/tonDismantling of material = 0,025 kg/ton

Total Amount of Excavation Material : 23.734.9 m3

Average Material Density : 1,4 ton/m3

Overall Amount of Material : 23.734,9 * 1.4 = 33.229 tonConstruction Period : 2 years (20 months)Annual Amount of Material (10 months) : 16.615 tonMonthly Amount of Material (26 days) : 1.661,5 tonDaily Amount of Material (8 hours) : 63,90 tonHourly Amount of Material : 7,99 ton

50% of the material generated in all the excavation works will be used for concrete production after being crushed in the crushing-screening plant and 50% will be used for site rehabilitation and as road backfill material.

Dust Emission to be Generated from the Activities in the Regulator SiteThe Dust Emission to be Generated During Dismantling of the Material from the Regulator

Site Total Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 4.300 m3 * 1,4 ton/m3 = 6.020 tonHourly Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 6.020 ton/year * 2 years/20 months * 1 month /

26days *1 day/8 h = 2,89 ton/hAmount of Dust = 2,89 ton/h * 0,025 kg/ton = 0,072 kg/h (1)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Loading of the Material from the Regulator Site 2.89 ton/h x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,028 kg/h (2)

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The Dust Emission to be Generated During Transportation of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant from the Regulator Site

The distance between the Regulator and Crushing-Screening Plant is 500 m. Assuming that 1 truck carries 20 tons material at once, the daily number of trips is found as (6.020/2) 3.010 ton /year * 2 years/20 months * 1 month/26 days / 20 ton/trip = 0,58 1 trip . In that case, the dust emission to be generated during transportation is as follows;

0.7 kg/km-trip x 1 trip / 8 h x 1 km = 0,087 kg/h (3)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Unloading of the Material, which is Dismantled from the Regulator Site, to the Crushing-Screening Plant

50% of the material will be transferred to the crushing-screening plant.1,45 ton/h * 0,01 kg/ton = 0,014 kg/h (4)

Dust Emission to be Generated from the Activities in the Transmission Canal SiteThe Dust Emission to be Generated During Dismantling of the Material from the Transmission

Canal Site Total Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 15.615 m3 * 1,4 ton/m3 = 21.861 tonHourly Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 21.861 ton/year * 2 years/20 months * 1

month/26 days * 1 day/8 h = 10,51 ton/hDaily Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 21.861 ton / year * 2 years/20 months * 1

month / 26 days = 84,08 ton/dayAmount of Dust = 10,51 ton/h * 0,025 kg/ton = 0,262 kg/h (5)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Loading of the Material from the Transmission Canal Site

10,51 ton/h x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,105 kg/h (6)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Transportation of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant from the Transmission Canal Site

The distance between the Transmission Canal and Crushing-Screening Plant is 500 m in average. Assuming that 1 truck carries 20 tons of material at once, the daily number of trips is found as (84,08/2) ton/day / 20 ton/trip = 2,102 3 trips. In that case, the dust emission to be generated during transportation is follows;

0.7 kg/km-trip x 3 trips / 8 h x 1 km = 0,262 kg/h (7)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Unloading of the Material, which is Dismantled from the Transmission Canal Site, to the Crushing-Screening Plant 50% of the material will be transferred to the crushing-screening plant.

(10,51/2) ton/h * 0,01 kg/ton = 0.05 kg/h (8)

Dust Emission to be Generated from the Activities in the Forebay SiteThe Dust Emission to be Generated During Dismantling of the Material from the Forebay Site Total Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 1.990 m3 * 1,4 ton/m3 = 2.786 tonDaily Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 2.786 ton / year * 2 years / 20 months * 1 month /

26 days = 10,71 ton/dayHourly Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 2.786 ton / year * 2 years / 20 months * 1 month

/ 26 days * 1 day/8 h = 1,34 ton/hAmount of Dust = 1,34 ton/h * 0,025 kg/ton = 0,034 kg/h (9)

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The Dust Emission to be Generated During Loading of the Material from the Forebay Site 1,34 ton/h x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,013 kg/h (10)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Transportation of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant from the Forebay Site

The distance between the Forebay and Crushing-Screening Plant is 500 m. Assuming that 1 truck carries 20 tons material at once, the daily number of trips is found as (10,71/2) ton/day / 20 ton/trip = 1 trip. In that case, the dust emission to be generated during transportation;


The Dust Emission to be Generated During Unload of the Material, which is Dismantled from the Forebay Site, to the Crushing-Screening Plant

50% of the material will be transferred to the crushing-screening plant.(1,34/2) ton/h * 0,01 kg/ton = 6,7.10-3 kg/h (12)

Dust Emission to be Generated from the Activities in the Penstock SiteThe Dust Emission to be Generated During Displacement of the Material from the Penstock

Site Total Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 9,90 m3 * 1,4 ton/m3 = 13,86 tonDaily Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 13,86 ton / year * 2 years / 20 months * 1 month /

26 days = 0,053 ton/dayHourly Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 13,86 ton / year * 2 years / 20 months * 1

month / 26 days * 1 day/8 h = 6,66.10-3 ton/hAmount of Dust = 6,66.10-3 ton/h * 0,025 kg/ton = 1,66.10-4 kg/h (13)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Loading of the Material from the Penstock Site 6,66.10-3 ton/h x 0.01 kg/ton = 6,66.10-5 kg/h (14)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Transportation of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant from the Penstock Site

The distance between the Penstock and Crushing-Screening Plant is 500 m. Assuming that 1 truck carries 20 tons material at once, the daily number of trips is found as (6,66.10-3 / 2) ton / day / 20 ton/trip = 1,66.10-4 1 trip. In that case, the dust emission to be generated during transportation;


The Dust Emission to be Generated During Unloading of the Material, which is Dismantled from the Penstock Site, to the Crushing-Screening Plant

50% of the material will be transferred to the crushing-screening plant.(6,66.10-3 /2) ton/h * 0,01 kg/ton = 3,33.10-5 kg/h (16)

Dust Emission to be Generated from the Activities in the Power Plant Building SiteThe Dust Emission to be Generated During Displacement of the Material from the Power Plant

Building and Switchgear Site Total Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 1.820 m3 * 1,4 ton/m3 = 2.548 tonDaily Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 2.548 ton / year * 2 years / 20 months * 1 month /

26 day = 9,80 ton/dayHourly Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 2.548 ton / year * 2 years / 20 months * 1 month

/ 26 days * 1 day/8 h = 1,225 ton/hAmount of Dust = 1,225 ton/h * 0,025 kg/ton = 0,031 kg/h (17)

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The Dust Emission to be Generated During Loading of the Material from the Power Plant Building and Switchgear Site

1,225 ton/h x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,012 kg/h (18)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Transportation of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant from the Power Plant Building and Switchgear Site

The distance between the Power Plant Building and Switchgear and Crushing-Screening Plant is 500 m. Assuming that 1 truck carries 20 tons material at once, the daily number of trips is found as 9,8 ton/day / 20 ton/trip = 0,49 1 trip. In that case, the dust emission to be generated during transportation;


The Dust Emission to be Generated During Unloading of the Material, which is Dismantled from the Power Plant Building and Switchgear Site, to the Crushing-Screening Plant

50% of the material will be transferred to the crushing-screening plant.(1,225/2) ton/h * 0,01 kg/ton = 6,12.10-3 kg/h (20)

Dust Emission to be Generated from the Activities in the Borrow Pit SitesThe Dust Emission to be Generated During Dismantling of the Material Total Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 18.132,55 m3 * 1,4 ton/m3 = 25.386 tonDaily Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 25.386 ton/year * 2 years/20 months * 1 month/26

days = 97,64 ton/dayHourly Amount of Material to be Dismantled: 25.386 ton/year * 2 years/20 months * 1 month/26

days * 1 day/8 h = 12,20 ton/hAmount of Dust = 12,20 ton/h * 0,025 kg/ton = 0,305 kg/h (21)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Loading of the Material 12,20 ton/h x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,122 kg/h (22)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Transportation of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant

The distance between the Borrow Pit Sites and Crushing-Screening Plant is 500 m. Assuming that 1 truck carries 20 tons material at once, the daily number of trips is found as 97,64 ton / day / 20 ton/trip = 4,88 5 trips. In that case, the dust emission to be generated during transportation;

0.7 kg/km-trip x 5 trips / 8 h x 1 km = 0,43 kg/h (23)

The Dust Emission to be Generated During Unloading of the Material to the Crushing-Screening Plant

12,20 ton/h * 0,01 kg/ton = 0,1223 kg/h (24)

The amount of annual material to be processed in Crushing-Screening Plant is 15,000 m3 * 1,4ton/m3 = 21.000 tons. The mount of hourly yield material is 10,09 kg/h. When the emission factor is taken as 0,0243 kg/ton for the crushing unit, the dust emission to be generated in the crushing-screening plant is calculated as;

10,09 kg/h * 0,0243 kg/ton = 0,245 kg/h (25)

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Emissions to be Formed in Concrete Plant

Emission formation is expected during the exchange of bunker filters in the concrete plant. The emission factor for the controlled systems during the exchange of bunker filters is 0,0045 kg/ton based on epa emission factors (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch11/final/c11s12.pdf) for ready-mixed concrete production plants. Considering that annually 3.780 tons of cement and 20 tons of chemicals will be used, the total amount of the materials that will be used in the bunkers is 3.800 tons. It is calculated as 380 tons monthly, 14,61 tons daily and 1,83 tons hourly. In that case, the dust emission to be generated during bunker cleaning is calculated as;

1,83 ton/h * 0,0045 kg/ton = 8,23.10-3 kg/h (26)

In this case, the total dust emission to be formed is calculated as;

0,072 +0,028+0,087+0,014+0,262+0,105+0,262+0,05+0,034+0,013+0,087+6,7.10-

3+1,66.10-4+6,66.10-5+0,087+3,33.10-5 +0,031+0,012+0,087+6,12.10-3+0,305+0,122+0,43 +0,1223+0,245+8,23.10-3 = 2,47 kg/h

According to this situation 2,47 kg/h 1,5 kg/h is greater. In accordance with the Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities published in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2006 and No. 26236, the hourly mass flows of the emissions that are released to air from the chimneys and outside the chimneys of the existing and new installation plants are determined by measurement in the chimneys for the existing plants and by emissions released to the atmosphere from outside the chimneys and the use of emission factors for the new installation plants. “In the case that hourly mass flow (kg/h) values exceed the values presented in RCAPOIF Table 6, Air Pollution Contribution Values (APCV) of the emissions in the impact area of the plant are calculated hourly if possible, if not, monthly and annually” provision is applicable. According to that since 2,47 kg/h 1,5 kg/h is greater, APV (Air Pollution Values) and TPV (Total Pollution Values) are calculated below and modeling study is conducted.

Environmental Legislation formula-II is used for dust modelling.Formula II (Griffort Dispersion)

() : integration variable in the x direction x,y,z : Cartesian coordinates at the peak point

(x, in the dispersion direction and perpendicular to this direction cases)y : horizontal (0, in the given example)z : vertical (taken as 2 for suspended particles in the air, 0 for precipitating dusts)C(x,y,z) : Air pollution contribution value (mg/m3), (1μg = 0,001 mg) for any dispersion

situation at the peak point. Q : Mass flow rate of the emission released from the emission source Z : Altitude of peak point from the ground (m)

(taken as 2 for suspended particles in the air, 0 for precipitating dusts)Uh : Wind speed (m/s)

Horizontal and vertical dispersion parameters (m)ϭY =F * xf

ϭZ =G * xg

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http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch11/final/c11s12.pdf


Amount of Precipitated Dust Calculation:

(Environmental Legislation Formula III)

F, f, G, g parameters are specified as follows according to the effective chimney height, if the effective chimney height is below 50 m;

Table 6 Specifying F, f, G, g Parameters

Dispersion Class F f G gA (Very Unstable) 1,503 0,833 0,151 1,219

B (Unstable) 0,876 0,823 0,127 1,108C/I (Neutral) 0,659 0,807 0,165 0,996C/II (Neutral) 0,640 0,784 0,215 0,885D (Stable) 0,801 0,754 0,264 0,774E (Very Stable) 1,294 0,718 0,241 0,662

The specification of dispersion class is performed taking the existing meteorological data and daily cloudiness situation of the weather into consideration. The annual cloudiness is within 3/8 – 5/8 ratio in the Province of Kahramanmaraş. The dispersion class corresponding that cloudiness is B (Unstable) class. Wind speeds are determined as follows.

Table 7 Wind SpeedsUa(m/sn) UR(m/sn)

1.4 and lesser 11.4-1.8 1.51.9-2.3 22.4-3.8 33.9-5.4 4.55.5-6.9 67-8.4 7.58.5-10 9

higher than 10 12

And the Wind Speed (UH) value is calculated by

Uh = UR (h/za)M formula. In the formula;

Za = Altitude of the anemometer from the ground in meters (10 m)H = Effective chimney height, maximum altitude that dust can reach (10 m)

Below values are taken for M.

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Table 8 M Values Table

Dispersion Class MA (Very Unstable) 0.09

B (Unstable) 0.20C/I (Neutral 0.22

C/II (Neutral) 0.28D (Stable) 0.37

E (Very Stable) 0.42

In this case, the dispersion values and Uh values are calculated in the below table.

Table 9 Classifications of Wind Data During GenerationDIRECTION DISPERSION UA (m/sn) UR (m/sn) UH (m/sn)

N C/2 4,4 4,5 4,5NNE C/2 4,1 4,5 4,5NE C/2 5,4 4,5 4,5

ENE B 3,1 3 3ENE B 1,8 1,5 1,5ESE B 2,5 3 3SE B 2,9 3 3

SSE B 2,7 3 3S B 1,9 2 2

SSW B 2,1 2 2SW B 2,1 2 2

WSW B 2,4 3 3WSW B 1,9 2 2WSW B 3 3 3NW B 3,8 3 3

NNW B 4,6 4,5 4,5

As a result of the calculations, the dispersion values depending on the directions are calculated taking the meteorological data of the province of Kahramanmaraş into account.

Dispersion Calculations of the Dust to be Generated During Generation Operations;

Q = 2.47 kg

80% of the total dust formed after generation are composed of particles bigger than 10 (Based on the previous experiences).

For the particles suspended in air C (x, y, z)Q = 0,494 kgh = 10 mz = 2 mVdi = 0,01 m/s

For Dust Amount Precipitated C (di)Q = 1,976 kgh = 10 mz = 0 mVdi = 0,07 m/s

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Table 9 Distribution of the Particles Suspended in Air during the Construction Activities (g/m3)DIRECTION

DISPERSION

UH (m/s) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

N C/2 4,5 70,25 35,59 13,09

7,01 4,48 3,15 2,37 1,86 1,51

NNE C/2 4,5 70,25 35,59 13,09

7,01 4,48 3,15 2,37 1,86 1,51

NE C/2 4,5 70,25 35,59 13,09

7,01 4,48 3,15 2,37 1,86 1,51

ENE B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

ENE B 1,5 210,74

106,78

39,26

21,03 13,43 9,46 7,11 5,58 4,52

ESE B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

SE B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

SSE B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

S B 2 158,05

80,08 29,45

15,77 10,07 7,10 5,33 4,18 3,39

SSW B 2 158,05

80,08 29,45

15,77 10,07 7,10 5,33 4,18 3,39

SW B 2 158,05

80,08 29,45

15,77 10,07 7,10 5,33 4,18 3,39

WSW B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

WSW B 2 158,05

80,08 29,45

15,77 10,07 7,10 5,33 4,18 3,39

WNW B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

NW B 3 105,37

53,39 19,63

10,52 6,71 4,73 3,55 2,79 2,26

NNW B 4,5 70,25 35,59 13,09

7,01 4,48 3,15 2,37 1,86 1,51

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Figure 3 Graph of Distribution of the Particles Suspended in Air Depending on the Directions during the Construction Activities (g/m3)

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Table 10 Distribution of the Precipitated Dusts during the Construction Activities (mg/m2-h)DIRECTION

DISPERSION

UH (m/s) 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

N C/2 4,5 279,85

142,30

52,19 27,94

17,83 12,57 9,44 7,41 6,00

NNE C/2 4,5 279,85

141,80

52,14 27,93

17,83 12,57 9,44 7,41 6,00

NE C/2 4,5 279,85

141,80

52,14 27,93

17,83 12,57 9,44 7,41 6,00

ENE B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

ENE B 1,5 839,54

425,39

156,41

83,78

53,49 37,70 28,31 22,22 18,01

ESE B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

SE B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

SSE B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

S B 2 629,66

319,05

117,31

62,84

40,12 28,28 21,24 16,66 13,50

SSW B 2 629,66

319,05

117,31

62,84

40,12 28,28 21,24 16,66 13,50

SW B 2 629,66

319,05

117,31

62,84

40,12 28,28 21,24 16,66 13,50

WSW B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

WSW B 2 629,66

319,05

117,31

62,84

40,12 28,28 21,24 16,66 13,50

WNW B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

NW B 3 419,77

212,70

78,21 41,89

26,74 18,85 14,16 11,11 9,00

NNW B 4,5 279,85

141,80

52,14 27,93

17,83 12,57 9,44 7,41 6,00

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Figure 4 Graph of Distribution of the Dusts Precipitated Depending on the Directions During the Construction Activities (g/m3)

The dust emission amounts to be sourced from the operations performed in the plant sites and their distributions depending on the meteorological conditions are calculated above by means of related formulas. The emission values resulting from the calculations performed are evaluated below according to their RCAPOIF Long-term Limit (LTL) and Short-Term Limit (STL) values.

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Table 11 APCV LTL and STL Limit Values

LTL STLParticles Suspendedin Air

a) General 150 (µg/m3) 300 (µg/m3)b) Industrial Regions 200 (µg/m3) 400 (µg/m3)

DustPrecipitated

a) General 350(mg/m2.day) 650(mg/m2.day)b) Industrial Regions 450(mg/m2.day) 800(mg/m2.day)

The total dust emission flowrate to be formed by the start-up of the project will be 2.47 kg/h and it is calculated based on the assumption that all dust sources will be active at the same time. Although there is such necessity in the situation modelling studies, such situation is not in question in practice. When the table on distribution of suspended particles in air (Table 9) is analyzed, it is seen that the dust distributions in all directions decrease to below LTL and STL values starting from 100 m distance. And when the table on distribution of precipitated particles (Table 10) is analyzed, it is seen that the precipitated dusts reduce below the limit values starting from 100 m distance. The nearest settlement to the project units is Davutlar quarter located in the northwest of the borrow pit I at approximately 800 m distance. Even when the blowing winds at those distances and directions are analyzed, it is estimated that the dust emissions to be formed at the construction stage will not impact the settlements. The LTL and STL values meet the limits in the nearest settlement Davutlar quarter.

The transmission canal to be constructed in the scope of the project is planned to be opened by means of loose blasting up to 0+800 from the regulator axis. This section will be constructed by closed canal system. To prevent the employees working in that section to be affected by the dust, ventilation will be installed. The dust to be formed from the loose blastings performed in the tunnel will not spread around as it will precipitate. Since the tunnel will be evacuated at the times of blasting and it will be re-entered into the tunnel after risk, there will not be any dust impact on the personnel. However, according to the worst-case scenario, the total dust emission is calculated based on the assumption that this section will also be constructed as open-space, so dust emission will occur in the dust emission calculations. However, in reality the emissions will precipitate and stay inside the tunnel during the tunnel construction to be performed in the 800 m section starting from the regulator and spreading to the environment is not in question. Explosive types, amounts and blasting patterns to be used during the tunnel construction at the construction stage are presented below. Jumbo drilling machine, pedestal hand drilling machine, powergel magnum explosives, excel blasting cap igniter, detonation fuse and magneto blasting detonator will be utilized during tunnel blastings.

15.615 m3 tunnel excavation in total will be conducted for 1.700 m tunnel in the scope of the project. 800 m of this excavation will be performed by means of loose blasting and constructed as closed canal, and 5.330 m3 excavation in total will be conducted by blasting. Daily 2,60 m tunnel will be excavated. 1,8 kg explosive is planned to be used per 1 m3 tunnel excavation at tunnel blastings. In this case, 17,29 m3 excavation material will come out from daily 2,60 m of tunnel excavation. 9,594 kg explosives in total will be utilized for 5.330 m3 tunnel excavation. 70 bores will be opened in one shot in tunnel blastings, 1,85 kg explosive will be placed in each bore and 1 blasting cap will be used. In this case, 9.594 kg explosives and 5.300 blasting caps will be consumed for 5.330 m3 tunnel excavation in total.

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The Amount of Excavation Performed by means of Blasting (m3): 800 m long, 5,330 m3 in total

Type of Explosive to be Used : Powergel Magnum 365, 36 * 400 mm

Amount of Explosives to be Used : 9.594 kgType of Blasting Caps to be Used : Excel LP 3 mAmount of Blasting Caps to be Used : 5.330 pcs.Bore diameter (mm) : 45Bore length (m) : 3.5Shot efficiency : 1

Figure 5. Transmission Tunnel Blasting Pattern

Concerning the use, transportation and storage of above-mentioned explosives, the provisions of the "Regulation on the Procedures and Principles Concerning the Production, Importation, Transportation, Protection, Storage, Sale, Use, Disposing and Inspection of Non-Monopoly Blasting Agents and Game Materials and the Like” enforced upon the Decree of the Council of Ministers dated 29 September 1987 and No. 12028, which is amended by the Decree of the Council of Ministers dated 28 October 2004 and No. 8057 will be complied with.

Within the scope of the project, emission will occur due to the operation of heavy equipments in the activity area. Tüpraş – 400 will be used as fuel for the heavy equipment to be operated on site and the general properties of Tüpraş – 400 diesel fuel are presented in Table 12.

Required fuel demand for the heavy equipment operating on site will be approximately 50 l/h. According to that, the fuel demand is calculated as;

Q = 50 l/h x 0,835 kg/l = 41,75 kg/h = 0,04 t/h

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Table 12 General Properties of Tüpraş 400 Diesel FuelPROPERTIES Guarantee Method

Color, ASTM 3,0 Max ASTM D 1500Density, 15 C (kg/l) 0,820-0,850 ASTM D 1298Pour Point C, (F)WinterSummer

-6,7 (20) Max-3,9 (25) Max

ASTM D 97

Distillation Recovery C (F)90%End PointSulphur, by mass (%)

357 (675) Max355 (725) Max0,7 Max

ASTM D 86

ASTM D 129 or IP 356Carbon residue(on % distillation), by mass (%) 0,2 Max ASTM D 524Viscosity, 37,8 34,45 ASTM D 88Corrosion, Copper Strip 3 hours 50 C Strip no 3 or less ASTM D 130Ash, by mass (%) 0,01 Max ASTM D 482Cetane Index Calculated 50 Min ASTM D 976Carbon Deposits (%) 0,03 Max ASTM D 2709

SOURCE: TÜPRAŞ-2004

Table 13 Release Factors for Pollution Releasing from Diesel Vehicles (kg/t)POLLUTANTS DIESEL

Carbonmonoxides 9.7Hydrocarbons 29Nitrogen Oxides 36Sulphur oxides 6.5Dust 18SOURCE: The Principles of Air Pollution and its Control, 1991

Estimated pollution values expected to be originated from the heavy equipment based on the release factors presented on Table 13 are calculated as;

Carbonmonoxides : 9,7kg/Tx0,04t/h = 0,39 kg/hHydrocarbons : 29kg/Tx0,04t/h = 1,16 kg/hNitrogen Oxides : 36kg/Tx0,04t/h = 1,44 kg/hSulphur Oxides : 6,5kg/Tx0,04t/h = 0,26 kg/hDust : 18kg/Tx0,04t/h = 0,72 kg/h

The mass flowrate values calculated for the heavy equipment are very low, therefore there will not be any negative impact on the existing air quality. The fuel systems of the vehicles operating at the project site will regularly be controlled and the provisions of the Circular on Exhaust Gas Emissions of Motor Vehicles dated 08.07.2005 and No. 25869 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry will be complied with.

I.V Noise

Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project is in the context of establishments that are not subject to Noise Control Permission Certificate included in the Article 44 of “Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 07.03.2008 no 26809.

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The noise levels of the equipment to be utilized for the preparation of the field in the scope of the project will comply with the provisions of the “Regulation on Noise Emission in the Environment Generated by Equipment Used Outdoors” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.01.2003 and No. 25001, drafted by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Calculation of the noise level to be generated (heavy equipment, blasting etc.) at the construction stage of the project and assessment of its results based on the principles of the “Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 07.03.2008 and No. 26809 are presented below. List of the machinery equipment to be operated at the project site, their numbers and sound power levels are given in the below table.

Table 14 Noise Intervals and Maximum Noise Levels for Heavy EquipmentEquipment Number Lmax

(Dba)Type of Source

Bulldozer 2 90 AreaCrusher Excavator 6 82 AreaLoader 4 84 PunctualCompressor 4 80 PunctualTransmixer 6 90 LinearWater Truck 2 88 LinearTruck 10 88 LinearCrushing-Screening Plant 1 115 AreaConcrete Mixer 1 85 AreaConcrete Pump 1 82 Area

The total noise level to be generated during the plant activities is calculated by means of the below given formula.

nLwt = 10 log Ʃ10Lwi/10

i=1

The settlements around the project site are presented in the topographical map in Appendix 1. Receiver points that will be possibly impacted by the noise emissions are the nearest settlements to the noise sources in the project. The nearest Bölükçam village is located in the 1.050 m south of where the regulator construction will be conducted. The nearest settlement to the power plant building is Davutlar quarter located in the 1.050 m northwest. The nearest settlement to Borrow Pit I is Davutlar quarter located in the northwest of the site at 800 m distance. The nearest settlement to Borrow Pit II is Bölükçam village located in the south of the site at 1.000 m distance. The nearest settlement to the Crushing-Screening Plant and Concrete Plant of the site is Bölükçam village located in the south of the site at 1.100 m distance. Besides, some equipment (loader, truck) will be utilized for loading and transporting the material coming out from the mirror points during the construction of the transmission tunnel. Distance of the end points of those approach tunnels, in which those works will be performed, to the nearest settlement is approximately 900 m (Bölükçamı village).

Distribution of the noise level to be generated around the projects site at the construction stage is calculated by the above-mentioned detailed formula. The estimated worst-case scenarios are calculated for the total noise impact generated at the project site during the construction works.

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The vehicles possibly to be utilized in the site activities according to the worst-case scenario are 6 crusher excavators, 4 loaders, 2 bulldozers, 10 trucks, 6 truck mixers, 4 compressors, 1 concrete mixer, 1 concrete pump, 1 crushing-screening plant and 2 water trucks. The change of noise levels depending on the distance calculated on this scenario is presented in Table 16 and Figure 5.

Total sound power level to be generated during site activities;

Lwt=10 log [(2*1090/10)+(6*1082/10)+( 4*1084/10)+( 4*1080/10)+( 6*1090/10)+(2*1088/10)+( 10*1088/10)+ ( 1*10115/10)+ ( 1 *1085/10)+ ( 1*1082/10)]Lwt= 115,25 dB

Sound pressure level at various distances around the plant of the total sound power level to be generated during site activities is calculated by means of below formula.

Lpt= Lwt + 10 log (Q / 4 ∏ r2)

Sound pressure level of the sound power level depending on the distances;x = 10 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 102 ) = 84,26 dBx = 20 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 202 ) = 78,24 dBx = 30 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 302 ) = 74,72 dBx = 40 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 402 ) = 72,22 dBx = 50 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 502 ) = 70,28 dBx = 100 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 1002 ) = 64,26 dBx = 200 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 2002 ) = 58,24 dBx = 300 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 3002 ) = 54,72 dBx = 400 m : Lpt = 115,25+ 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 4002 ) = 52,22 dBx = 500 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 5002 ) = 50,28 dBx = 600 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 6002 ) = 48,70 dBx = 700 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 7002 ) = 47,36 dBx = 800 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 8002 ) = 46,20 dBx = 900 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 9002 ) = 45,18 dBx = 1000 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 10002 ) = 44,26 dBx = 1100 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 11002 ) = 43,43 dBx = 1200 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 12002 ) = 42,68 dBx = 1300 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 13002 ) = 41,98 dBx = 1400 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 14002 ) = 41,34 dBx = 1500 m : Lpt = 115,25 + 10 log ( ¼ * 3,14 * 15002 ) = 40,74 dB

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The operating frequency range of the heavy equipment is in 500-4000 Hz range, sound pressure level of each point is equal to its approximate noise level. Therefore, the sound pressure levels calculated above depending on the distances are equal to the noise levels to be detected and those values are presented in the below table.

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Table 15 Sound Pressure Levels to be generated depending on the Distances and Daytime Noise LevelsDistance

(m)Sound Pressure Level

Lpt (dB)Daytime Noise Level

Lday (dBA)10 84,26 84,2620 78,24 78,2430 74,72 74,7240 72,22 72,2250 70,28 70,28

100 64,26 64,26200 58,24 58,24300 54,72 54,72400 52,22 52,22500 50,28 50,28600 48,70 48,70700 47,36 47,36800 46,20 46,20900 45,18 45,18

1.000 44,26 44,261.100 43.43 43.431.200 42.68 42.681.300 41.98 41.981.400 41.34 41.341.500 40.74 40.741.600 40.18 40.18

Net Sound Level, Lpg

In the first 100 meters LPG = LPORT and the atmospheric absorption valuesafter 100 meters are calculated and presented as a table below.

x = 100 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 100/60 ) = 1,97 dBAx = 200 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 200/60 ) = 3,95 dBAx = 300 m : A atm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 300/60 ) = 5,92 dBAx = 400 m : A atm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 400/60 ) = 7,89 dBAx = 500 m : A atm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 500/60 ) = 9,87 dBAx= 600 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 600/60 ) = 11,84 dBAx =700 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 700/60 ) = 13,81dBAx =800 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 800/60 ) = 15,79 dBAx =900 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 900/60 ) = 17,76 dBAx =1000 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1000/60 ) = 19,73 dBAx =1100 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1100/60 ) = 21,71 dBAx =1200 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1200/60 ) = 23,68 dBAx =1300 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1300/60 ) = 25,65 dBAx =1400 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1400/60 ) = 27,63 dBAx =1500 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1500/60 ) = 29,60 dBAx =1600 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1600/60 ) = 31,57 dBA

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The net sound levels that will occur in that case are given in table 11.

Table 16 Net Sound Level to be Generated During the Site Activities Depending on the Distances

x = 10 m 84,26 dBAx = 20 m 78,24 dBAx = 30 m 74,72 dBAx = 40 m 72,22 dBAx = 50 m 70,28 dBAx = 100 m 62,29 dBAx = 200 m 54,29 dBAx = 300 m 48,80 dBAx = 400 m 44,33 dBAx = 500 m 40,41 dBAx = 600 m 36,86 dBAx = 700 m 33,54 dBAx = 800 m 30,41 dBAx = 900 m 27,42 dBAx = 1.000 m 24,53 dBAx = 1.100 m 21,73 dBAx = 1.200 m 19,00 dBAx = 1.300 m 16,33 dBAx = 1.400 m 13,71 dBAx = 1.500 m 11,14 dBAx = 1.600 m 8,60 dBA

Figure 5: Graph of Lg Noise Distribution to be Generated During the Site Activities

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The vehicles possibly to be utilized in the regulator area activities according to the worst-case scenario; 2 excavators, 1 bulldozer, 5 trucks, 4 transmixers, 1 concrete pump, and 1 water truck. The noise levels calculated based on that scenario and calculated as a result of the model developed against the distance is presented in Table 18 and Figure 6.

Total sound power level to be generated during Regulator construction activities;

Lwt = 10 log [( 2*1082/10 )+(1*1090/10)+( 5*1088/10 )+( 4*1090/10 )+( 1*1082/10 )+( 1*1088/10 )Lwt = 99,67 dB

Sound pressure level at various distances around the plant of the total sound power level to be generated during regulator construction is calculated by means of below formula.

Lpt= Lwt + 10 log ( Q / 4∏ r2 )


Table 17 Sound Pressure Levels to be Generated Depending on the Distances and Daytime Noise LevelsDistance



Lday (dBA)10 68,68 68,6820 62,66 62,6630 59,14 59,1440 56,64 56,6450 54,70 54,70100 48,68 48,68200 42,66 42,66300 39,14 39,14400 36,64 36,64500 34,70 34,70600 33,12 33,12700 31,78 31,78800 30,62 30,62900 29,60 29,60

1.000 28,68 28,68


In the first 100 meters LPG = LPORT and the atmospheric absorption values after 100 meters are calculated and presented as a table below.

x = 100 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 100/60 ) = 1,97 dBAx = 200 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 200/60 ) = 3,95 dBAx = 300 m : A atm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 300/60 ) = 5,92 dBAx = 400 m : A atm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 400/60 ) = 7,89 dBAx = 500 m : A atm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 500/60 ) = 9,87 dBAx=600 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 600/60 ) = 11,84 dBA

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x =700 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 700/60 ) = 13,81dBAx =800 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 800/60 ) = 15,79 dBAx =900 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 900/60 ) = 17,76 dBAx =1000 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1000/60 ) = 19,73 dBA


Table 18 Net Sound Level to be Generated During the Regulator Construction Activities Depending on the Distances

x = 10 m 68,68 dBA

x = 20 m 62,66 dBA

x = 30 m 59,14 dBA

x = 40 m 56,64 dBA

x = 50 m 54,70 dBA

x = 100 m 46,71 dBA

x = 200 m 38,71 dBA

x = 300 m 33,22 dBA

x = 400 m 28,75 dBA

x = 500 m 24,83 dBA

x = 600 m 21,28 dBA

x = 700 m 17,96 dBA

x = 800 m 14,83 dBA

x = 900 m 11,84 dBA

x = 1.000 m 8,95 dBA

Figure 6: Graph of Lg Noise Distribution to be Generated During the Regulator Construction

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The vehicles possibly to be utilized in the HEPP building construction activities according to the worst-case scenario; 1 excavator, 1 bulldozer, 3 trucks, 2 transmixers, 1 concrete pump, and 1 water truck. The noise levels calculated based on that scenario and calculated as a result of the model developed against the distance is presented in Table 20 and Figure 7.

Total sound power level to be generated during HEPP building construction activities;

Lwt = 10 log [( 1*1082/10 )+(1*1090/10)+( 3*1088/10 )+( 2*1090/10 )+( 1*1082/10 )+( 1*1088/10 )Lwt = 97,67 dB

Sound pressure level at various distances around the plant of the total sound power level to be generated during HEPP building construction is calculated by means of the below formula.

Lpt= Lwt + 10 log ( Q / 4∏ r2 )





Lday (dBA)10 66,68 66,6820 60,66 60,6630 57,14 57,1440 54,64 54,6450 52,70 52,70100 46,68 46,68200 40,66 40,66300 37,14 37,14400 34,64 34,64500 32,70 32,70600 31,12 31,12700 29,78 29,78800 28,62 28,62900 27,60 27,60

1.000 26,68 26,68



x = 100 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 100/60 ) = 1,97 dBAx = 200 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 200/60 ) = 3,95 dBAx = 300 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 300/60 ) = 5,92 dBAx = 400 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 400/60 ) = 7,89 dBAx = 500 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 500/60 ) = 9,87 dBAx=600 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 600/60 ) = 11,84 dBA

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- 38 -


x =700 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 700/60 ) = 13,81dBAx =800 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 800/60 ) = 15,79 dBAx =900 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 900/60 ) = 17,76 dBAx =1000 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1000/60 ) = 19,73 dBA


Table 20 Net Sound Level to be Generated During the Power Plant Construction Activities Depending on the Distancesx = 10 m 66,68 dBA

x = 20 m 60,66 dBA

x = 30 m 57,14 dBA

x = 40 m 54,64 dBA

x = 50 m 52,70 dBA

x = 100 m 44,71 dBA

x = 200 m 36,71 dBA

x = 300 m 31,22 dBA

x = 400 m 26,75 dBA

x = 500 m 22,83 dBA

x = 600 m 19,28 dBA

x = 700 m 15,96 dBA

x = 800 m 12,83 dBA

x = 900 m 9,84 dBA

x = 1.000 m 6,95 dBA

Figure 7 Graph of Lg Noise Distribution to be Generated During HEPP Building Construction

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3 loaders and 3 trucks will be operated in the mirrors included in the approach tunnels during the transmission tunnel construction according to the worst-case scenario. The noise levels calculated based on that scenario and calculated as a result of the model developed against the distance is presented in Table 22 and Figure 8.

Total sound power level to be generated during transmission tunnel construction activities;

Lwt = 10 log [( 3*1084/10 )+(3*1088/10)Lwt = 94,23 dB

Sound pressure level at various distances around the plant of the total sound power level to be generated during transmission canal construction is calculated by means of below formula.

Lpt= Lwt + 10 log ( Q / 4∏r2 )





Lday (dBA)10 63,24 63,2420 57,22 57,2230 53,70 53,7040 51,20 51,2050 49,26 49,26100 43,24 43,24200 37,22 37,22300 33,70 33,70400 31,20 31,20500 29,26 29,26600 27,68 27,68700 26,34 26,34800 25,18 25,18900 24,16 24,16

1.000 23,24 23,24Net Sound Level, Lpg


x = 100 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 100/60 ) = 1,97 dBAx = 200 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 200/60 ) = 3,95 dBAx = 300 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 300/60 ) = 5,92 dBAx = 400 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 400/60 ) = 7,89 dBAx = 500 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 500/60 ) = 9,87 dBAx=600 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 600/60 ) = 11,84 dBAx =700 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 700/60 ) = 13,81dBA

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x =800 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 800/60 ) = 15,79 dBAx =900 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 900/60 ) = 17,76 dBAx =1000 m : Aatm = 7,4 * 10-8 * ( 40002 * 1000/60 ) = 19,73 dBA


Table 22 Net Sound Level to be Generated During the Transmission Canal Construction Activities Depending on the Distancesx = 10 m 63,24 dBA

x = 20 m 57,22 dBA

x = 30 m 53,70 dBA

x = 40 m 51,20 dBA

x = 50 m 49,26 dBA

x = 100 m 41,27 dBA

x = 200 m 33,27 dBA

x = 300 m 27,78 dBA

x = 400 m 23,31 dBA

x = 500 m 19,39 dBA

x = 600 m 15,84 dBA

x = 700 m 12,52 dBA

x = 800 m 9,39 dBA

x = 900 m 6,40 dBA

x = 1.000 m 3,51 dBA

Figure 8 Graph of Lg Noise Distribution to be Generated During Transmission Tunnel Construction

The distances of settlements to the construction sites are given in Table 23 below and net noise levels calculated at the nearest settlements in Table 19.

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Table 23 Distances of Project Units to SettlementsSettlements Construction

Site (m)Regulator (m) Power Plant

(m)Transmission Tunnel (m)

Bölükçam village 1.100 1.050 1.400 900Davutlar village 1.600 2.200 1.050 1.000

Table 24 Net Noise Levels Calculated at the Nearest Settlements

Settlements Noise Impact Originated from Construction Site Activities (dBA)

Noise Impact Originated from

Regulator Construction

Activities (dBA)


Power Plant Construction

Activities (dBA)


Transmission Tunnel Activities

(dBA)Bölükçam village 21,73 8,95 6,95 6,40Davutlar village 8,60 <1 <1 3,51

I.VI Vibration

Blasting operations during tunnel activities will cause a vibration transmitting from the source to the far. People depending on the ground conditions where they are located on the moment of blasting may detect the vibration at 1 km distance from the blast site. Though it is very rare, vibration due to blasting may cause damage in buildings located very closely.

Air shock also occurs due to the blasting activities and like vibration and it also transmits from the source to the far. Although the probability of the air shock to cause structural damage is very low, it can be easily perceived by the people and fauna elements since it causes astoundment and fright. Although at the same time the air shock does not damage windows and ornaments, it may create vibrations and especially the noise caused by glassware may increase the perception degree of the air shock.

Estimation of Vibration LevelDepending on the amount of the explosive used at one shot, the vibration amount occurring

after blast may be calculated by the formula below (Olofsson, 1991)

V= K. (Q / R3/2)1/2

Here;V: Maximum particle speed of the vibration occurring (mm/s)Q: Weight of the charge (explosive) blasting in unit of time (kg)R: Distance to the blasting area (m)K: Transmission Coefficient ( 400)

Nevertheless, literature information regarding the probable impacts on the structures around the area where the blast was performed depending on the geological structure are given in Table 25.

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Table 25 Impacts that Vibration Speed may Cause on Buildings (Olofsson, 1991)

Sand, clay and underground water

Soft limestone Granite, hard limestone, quartz Possible impacts on buildings

Vibration Speed (mm/s)

91318

182535

355070

Free of Damage

30 55 100 Small cracks40 80 150 Significant cracks60 115 225 Significant deformation

The blast will be performed in the 0+800 section from the regulator axis of the transmission canal. This section will be constructed by closed canal system. The nearest settlement along the route of transmission canal is Bölükçam village located at 900 m distance. Additionally, the blasts in the transmission canal will be conducted under the ground and it will be carried out at a distance of 50 m to the surface. Limestone with robust characteristic and crystallized in some parts is observed as a result of geological studies conducted in the transmission canal route. While performing vibration calculations in the context of the worst-case scenario, the vibration level for Bölükçam village, located nearest to the transmission canal is taken into account. The blast plan is presented above and the change of the vibration level caused by the blast according to that plan against the distance to the project site is presented in Figure 9.

The air shock caused by blast is calculated by the correlation below (CALZIA, 1969)

High impact zone : D<5√WModerate impact zone: 5√W<D<10√WLow impact zone : 10√W<D<15√W

D = Impacted zone range (m)W = Amount of dynamite shots in a delay sequence = Instant charge (kg)

The impact zone distances in the case that maximum instant charge (129,50 kg) is used are given below.

High impact zone : 57 mModerate impact zone: 57 – 114 mLow impact zone : 114 – 171 m

The nearest settlement to the transmission canal is Davutlar Village located in the 900 m south of the site. Therefore, there will not be any negative impact of the air shock occurring after the blast on the settlements around the transmission canal. The amount of explosives that may be used at once, not to affect the nearest settlement by the vibration to be generated due to the blast is calculated by the formula below.

Q = R 3/2 * V 2 k2

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In the formula:

V : particle speed (meter/second)k : Rock damping rate (is between 26-260 for bench blasting)Q : amount of explosives to be used at once (kg)R : distance of the nearest structure to the blast point (meter)

According to the international standards, the damaging probability of the particle speed below 50 mm/sec is described as low, however, in our country the damaging speed is accepted as V=30 mm/sec for the old buildings with mud mortar, stone or brick structural elements. For this reason, it is taken as V=30 mm/sec for the calculations. K coefficient is taken as the vibration transmission capacity of the rock. The variability of the units between the source of blast and the vulnerable point and the frequency of the discontinuities such as fracture, fault, and crack affect k coefficient. In the homogeneous units coefficient approaches to 260 whereas intensity of the tectonic impacts and each unit coefficient exceeded reduces to 26. K coefficient is taken as 260 for the calculations to increase the safety assuming that the units are homogeneous and without fractures. In reality, the units between the buildings that are the source of blast and the vulnerable point are with fractures.

Maximum explosive amounts to be utilized at once without damaging any structure at 600 m distance are calculated with the formula below, when the particle speed is taken as 30 m/s and rock damping coefficient as 260.

Q = 900 3/2 * 30 2 2602

Q = 359,47 kg

Any damage of the blasts to be performed on site is not expected in the settlements due to shock or vibration since the instant charge to be used in the project is 129,50 kg and the maximum explosive amount to be utilized at once without damaging any structure at 900 m distance is 359,70 kg.

There will not be any negative impact of the air shock occurring after the blasts on the settlements located around the project site because the village at 900 m distance is further away from the low impact zone that will be formed after the blasts as can be seen in the calculated air shock impact as well.

I.VI Hazardous Wastes:

The probable source for the hazardous waste during the construction stage of the activity is oil and grease to be formed as a result of oil change of the heavy equipment and fluorescent lamps used for the lighting of the construction site and printer cartridges. Any waste oil formation is not in question since the oil change of the heavy equipment will be performed at the licensed service stations. The other hazardous wastes to be generated will be collected separately from the other wastes in a special area at the construction site of which impermeability to the ground is maintained, and these wastes will be taken by the licensed transporting vehicles and disposed in the licensed recycling/disposal plants.

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I.VIII Waste Batteries and Accumulators

The accumulators utilized in the vehicles and heavy equipment during the construction stage will be changed at the service stations when they become waste. The new accumulator will be taken for deposit and will be changed at the service when it becomes a waste.

II. The Amount of Waste Generation during the Operation Stage and Chemical, Physical and Biological Characteristics of the Wastes

Following the installation of the plant, 10 personnel are planned to be employed at the operation stage. Probable wastes to be generated during the operation stage are domestic solid wastes, waste generator oils and wastewater. No emission will generate since the electricity energy will be used for heating the administrative building in the plant. Since the staff to work in the plant is less than 50 persons, an infirmary will not be constructed in the plant, thus no medical waste formation is in question. Since the oil change of the vehicles used for transportation purposes in the plant will be performed in the licensed service stations, oil and grease waste formation is not in question either. However, it is possible that the lubricating oil to be used in turbines and generators will become waste oil in time. The accumulator changes of the vehicles will be performed in the service stations, therefore, waste accumulator formation is not in question. The only source of noise anticipated during the operation stage is the generators and turbines located in the HEPP building. However, the HEPP building that will be installed 1.050 m away from Davutlar quarter, will be constructed with isolation, thus the noise and vibration will be confined within the building.

I.I Solid Wastes:

At the operation stage of the planned activity, 10 personnel in total are planned to be employed. Domestic solid wastes produced by this 10 personnel that will work in the plant is calculated as follows based on the value of the amount of domestic solid wastes produced by one personnel - 1,34 kg;

10 persons * 1,34 kg/person*day = 13,4 kg/day

The amount of domestic solid waste produced at the operation of the project is calculated as 13,4 kg/day and the provisions of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814 will be complied with.

II.II Wastewater:

Wastewater originated from the working personnel during the operation stage of the project consists of the domestic wastewater and it is calculated as 1,5 m3/day based on 0,15 m3/person value. Pollution loads of the produced domestic wastewater is calculated as;

TSS 0,3 kg/day (1,5 m3/day x 200 mg/l /1000)BOD5 0,3 kg/day (1,5 m3/day x 200 mg/l /1000)COD 0,75 kg/day (1,5 m3/day x 500 mg/l /1000)Total Nitrogen 0,06 kg/day (1,5 m3/day x 40 mg/l /1000)Total Phosphor 0,015 kg/day (1,5 m3/day x 10 mg/l /1000)

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Domestic wastewaters originated from the staff will be collected in the cesspool that will be drilled in a suitable spot and of which impermeability to the underground will be maintained through proper techniques, and will be periodically discharged to the system where the municipality discharges the sewerage after vacuuming with sewage trucks. Provisions of the Article 25 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution will be taken into account on this issue. The dimensions of the cesspool tank that is planned to be constructed is set as 5*5*3 = 75 m3 in the context of the Regulation on the Pits to be excavated where Sewer System Construction is not Possible enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 19.03.1971 and No. 13783. Moreover, the provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687 will be complied with on this issue.

II.III Hazardous Wastes, Waste Oils, Waste Battery and Accumulators

Transformation of lubricating oils used during the operation stage for the lubrication of generators and transformers into waste in time is possible. Additionally, the fluorescent lamps used for lighting in the plant will be included in the hazardous waste category at the end of their life cycle. Since the staff to work in the plant is less than 50 persons, an infirmary will not be constructed in the plant, thus no medical waste formation is in question. Waste accumulator formation is not in question since the accumulator changes of the vehicles will be performed in the services. Produced waste lubricants and fluorescent lamps will be collected separately from the other wastes at the activity site and it will be maintained that following their waste oils analysis the waste oils formed will be taken by the licensed transporting companies and delivered to the licensed waste oil recycling plants. Fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps are not recyclable and will be disposed by delivering to the licensed disposal plants.

1.d) Accident Risks due to the Technology and Materials to be Utilized

Blast and utilization of heavy equipment are at issue during the works that will be performed in the project. Occupational accidents are likely to happen in the cases of lack of attention and disregard of the safety instructions of the personnel and if the safety tools and equipment are not used. The qualified personnel will be employed and the staff will be trained on work safety in order to decrease the occupational accidents to the minimum degree.

In order to prevent all types of occupational accidents at this stage, warning signs will be located in the working areas and personal protective equipment will be handed to the employees. The risks of occupational accidents due to a decrease in concentration will be avoided through short breaks during working hours. The impact of the blast on the environment will be low since it will be performed only in the closed tunnel. The necessary precautions for the employees will be followed and no one will be accepted into the blast area.

Powergel Magnum 365 will be utilized as explosive and will be stored at the project site. The use, protection, transportation and storage of the explosives will be conducted in compliance with the "Regulation on the Procedures and Principles Concerning the Production, Importation, Transportation, Protection, Storage, Sale, Use, Disposing and Inspection of Non-Monopoly Blasting Agents and Game Materials and the Like.”

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The provisions of Public Health Law dated 24.04.1930 and No. 1593; Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety dated 09 December 2003 and No. 25311; Regulation on Safety and Health Signs dated 23 December 2003 and No. 25325; Regulation on Equipment and Protective Systems Used in Potentially Explosive Settings dated 27 October 2002 and No. 24919; Noise Regulation dated 23 December 2003 and No. 25325 will be complied with on those issues.

Table 26 Monitoring Plan

PARAMETER TO BE MONITOREDMONITORINGINTERVAL

Plant WastewaterCODpH

monthly

Domestic and Industrial Solid Wastesmonthly

Plant Air Emissionmonthly

Noise monthly

If the Personnel is Employed in Hygienic ConditionsMonthlyor not, Inspection of Kitchen,Bathroom,Dressing-Rest Rooms and Spaces

monthly

Provisions of the Bylaw on Occupational Health and Safety Measures monthly

The monthly inspections are required in accordance with the legislations and regulations regarding the issues mentioned above, however, the authorized institutions would make inspections immediately when a complaint arises. Necessary fire-fighting equipment will be located at appropriate places for a probable fire or explosion in the plant. In addition to these, there will be a guard available day and night and the required trainings on making the necessary contacts through the phones given below in case of sabotage, explosion, natural disaster, accident, fire etc. connections and positional interventions of first-aid and civil defence measures and response functions will be provided to him.

Fire 110 Gendarmerie 156Emergency 112 Water Failure 185Police 155 Electrical Failure 186

Emergency response plan is as follows.

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Figure 9 Emergency Response Plan

1.e) Measures to be Taken against the Probable Environmental Impacts of the Project

I. Environmental Impacts of the Solid Wastes and Measures to be Taken

Solid wastes such as excavation, construction iron, wood wastes used for formworks, packaging material etc. originated due to the excavation works will be generated at the construction stage in the activity. Among those wastes the recyclable materials such as iron, steel, metal and similar will be collected separately from the other wastes and will be sold as scrap. Formwork wood wastes to be formed will be collected at specific time intervals and will be delivered to the villagers in the surrounding areas if there is any demand. Non-recyclable wastes will be disposed by the Municipality of Pazarcık.

100 personnel in total are planned to be employed at the construction stage and the formation of 134 kg/day domestic solid waste is expected. For the disposal of the solid wastes formed, the principles related to the collection and transportation of solid wastes laid down in the Section 4, Article 18 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814 will be complied with. According to this, solid wastes will not be dumped into the places where they will cause negative impacts on the environment and will be collected in standard closed waste bins. In accordance with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be disposed at the garbage storage areas after being transported by special closed vehicles that will be provided by KIVANÇ Enerji, in a way not to pollute the environment in terms of appearance, smell, dust, leakage and similar factors.

It is considered that 50% of the excavation materials that will be generated during the construction activities, will be converted to the appropriate sizes at the crushing-screening plant and then will be utilized for concrete production and the rest will be utilized either as backfill material for the roads constructed/rehabilitated or during the rehabilitation of the equipment area. The vegetative soil obtained during the excavation will be stored under suitable conditions in the area of the unit to be excavated or nearby, and will be used in the rehabilitation and/or landscaping activities.

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Any process originated solid waste formation during the operation period of the activity is not in question. 13,4 kg/day domestic solid waste will be generated by the working staff. For the disposal of the solid wastes formed, the principles related to the collection and transportation of solid wastes laid down in the Section 4, Article 18 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814 will be complied with and according to this, solid wastes will not be dumped into the places where they will cause negative impacts on the environment and will be collected in standard closed waste bins. In accordance with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be disposed at the garbage storage areas after being transported by special closed vehicles of the subcontractor company of the Municipality of Pazarcık for garbage collection and transportation services, in a way not to pollute the environment in terms of appearance, smell, dust, leakage and similar factors.

Reusable and recyclable solid wastes originated from the plant will be disposed in accordance with the related provisions of the Regulation on Control of Packaging and Packaging Wastes dated 30.07.2004 and No. 25538.

II. Environmental Impacts of Oils and Measures to be Taken

Any process originated waste oil formation during both construction and operation stages of the project is not in question. Any waste oil production is not expected since the oil change of the heavy equipment and transportation vehicles to be utilized at the construction and operation stages will be performed at licensed gas stations. It is possible that the lubricating oil to be used in turbines and generators at the operation stage will become waste oil in time. Produced waste lubricants will be collected separately from the other wastes and it will be maintained that following their waste oils analysis the waste oils formed will be carried with the licensed transporting companies and delivered to the licensed waste oil recycling plants.

Food will not be prepared in the plant and catering services will be provided from the companies and restaurants in the surrounding districts. Therefore, any waste vegetable oil produced within the scope of the activity is not in question.

III. Wastewater and Measures to be Taken

The wastewater formation at the construction stage of the project will consist of activities related with concrete production and drinking/using water purposes for the staff. The water necessary for concrete plant and prevention of dust emission will be supplied from Aksu creek. Drinking - utility water will be supplied from the spring waters existing near the construction site to be installed. As a result of the calculations, the domestic water demand for 100 persons to work at the construction stage is estimated to be 15 m3. In the same way, 50 m3 water for washing the concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers and approximately 2,000 m3 water in total will be required for concrete production in the course of the whole project.

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Domestic wastewaters will be collected in the cesspool of which the project is enclosed, and will be periodically discharged to the system where the municipality discharges the sewage after vacuuming with sewage trucks. Provisions of the Article 25 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution will be taken into account on this issue. The wastewater that will be formed as a result of the washing of concrete aggregate material and concrete mixer will contain high TSS. For this reason, the solid materials in the water caused by material washing needs to be separated from the water. For this purpose, a sedimentation pool with 50 m3 volume (3,5 m x 3,5 m x 4,09 m) (L x W x H) and 24 h retention is planned on the site where the construction facilities are located. The treated water in terms of TSS and present in the pool will be re-circulated by a pump to be installed on the surface and will be used for spraying and dust precipitating activities and also for the washing of concrete aggregate and mixers. The discharge of the unused water to the Creek after sedimentation may be considered. The provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687 and Fisheries Law No. 1380 will be complied with concerning this issue.

1,5 m3/day wastewater originated from the working personnel during the operation stage of the project will be collected in a watertight cesspool that will be constructed at the construction stage and will be vacuumed by the sewage truck in certain time intervals and discharged to the system where the Municipality of Pazarcık discharges the sewerage. Provisions of the Article 25 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution will be taken into account on this issue.

IV. Air Pollution, Emissions and Measures to be Taken

The Province of Kahramanmaraş, where the project will be realised, is among the cities facing the air pollution on the first degree. The primary reason for this is wood and coal used for heating during the winter season. And the traffic is the second reason for this. According to the data provided by the Environmental Status of the Province of Kahramanmaraş there are 96,500 vehicles registered at the provincial traffic registry. There are no industries in the region where Kesme Regulator and HEPP facilities are located other than village settlements. Bölükçam village is located as the closest settlement to the regulator construction that will be conducted. In addition to not having any industries in the region, there are no activities as construction and the like to cause dust, noise, water and soil pollution.

The total dust flow rate to be formed by the start-up of the project will be 2.47 kg/h and it is calculated based on the assumption that all dust sources will be operating at the same time. Although there is such obligation in the situation modelling studies, such situation is not in question in practice. When the distribution of suspended particles in air table (Table 9) is analyzed, it is seen that the dust distributions in all directions decrease below LTL and STL values starting from 100 m distance. And when the distribution of precipitated particles table (Table 10) is analyzed, it is seen that the precipitated dusts decrease below the limit values starting from 100 m distance. The nearest settlement to the project units is Davutlar quarter located in the northwest of the borrow pit I at approximately 800 m distance. Even when the blowing winds at those distances and directions are analyzed, it is estimated that the dust emissions to be formed at the construction stage will not affect the settlements. The LTL and STL values meet the limits in the nearest settlement Davutlar quarter.

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The construction areas will be kept humid through watering in order to prevent dust formation. The material will be humidified before it is crushed in the crushing-screening plant by the pulverized dust suppression system. Dust precipitating filters will be installed on the bunkers in the ready-mixed concrete plant. Restrictions for the speed will be imposed for the vehicles in the working area, new and well-kept vehicles will be selected and their exhaust inspections will be conducted regularly. For preventing the dust formation on the roads used for working area and transportation, those parts will be humidified by sprinkler. Before starting the excavation works, rehabilitation and construction activities will be performed on the roads.

The tunnels planned to be constructed in the project will be opened by means of loosening blastings when required. Ventilation will be installed to prevent the staff working inside the tunnels from being affected by the dust. The dust to be generated due to the loosening blastings inside the tunnel will not spread since it will precipitate in the tunnel. Since the tunnel will be evacuated at the times of blasting and it will be re-entered into the tunnel after risk, there will not be any dust impact on the personnel.

Formation of any emission polluting the air at the operation stage is not in question.

V. Noise and Measures to be taken

Noise occurring during the construction of the activity is calculated in accordance with the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise related to above section and when the values obtained as result of calculations are compared with the Article 26 of the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise, it is seen that the noise source stays below the limit value for sensible noise at settlement, in the nearest settlement interaction, stated in the regulation.

The only source to generate a noise during operation period is the generator and turbines located in the hydroelectric building. The building will be constructed with isolation to prevent the emission of noise generated in the building, thus noise and vibration will be confined in the building.

VI. Vibration and Measures to be Taken

Vibration may occur during the blasts to be performed along the transmission tunnel at the construction stage of the activity. The impact zone distances to be formed in case of instant charge (129,50 kg) that is used at the blasts to be performed along the transmission tunnel as calculated in the vibration section are presented below.

High impact zone : 57 mModerate impact zone : 57 – 114 mLow impact zone : 114 – 171 m

The nearest settlement to the blasting areas is at 900 m distance and it will not be affected by the vibration after blast.

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The only source to generate a vibration during the operation period will be the generator and turbines located in the hydroelectric building. The building will be constructed with isolation to prevent the vibration generated in the building, thus, vibration will be confined in the building.

VII. Hazardous Wastes and Measures to be Taken

Any hazardous waste formation during both construction and operation stages of the project is not in question. Although waste oil production is expected at the construction stage due to the oil change of heavy equipment and vehicles, waste oil formation is prevented considering that the oil change will be performed in the licensed service stations. Transformation of lubricating oils used during the operation stage for the lubrication of generators and transformers into waste in time is possible. Additionally, the fluorescent lamps used for lighting in the plant will be included in the hazardous waste category at the end of their life cycle. Since the staff to work in the plant is less than 50 persons, an infirmary will not be constructed in the plant, thus no medical waste formation is in question. Produced waste lubricants and fluorescent lamps will be collected separately from the other wastes at the activity site and it will be maintained that following their waste oils analysis the waste oils formed will be taken by the licensed transporting companies and delivered to the licensed waste oil recycling plants. Fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps are not recyclable and will be disposed by sending them to the licensed disposal plants.

VIII. Waste Battery and Accumulator and Measures to be Taken

The accumulators utilized in the vehicles and heavy equipment during the construction stage will be changed in the service stations when they become waste. The new accumulator will be taken for deposit and will be changed in the service when it becomes waste. Waste batteries sourced from the tools and equipment used in administrative affairs at the operation stage will be collected separately from the other domestic wastes and delivered to the Municipality of Pazarcık.

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SECTION 2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT2.a) Current Land Use and Quality (Agricultural Area, Forest Area, Planned Area, Water Surface, etc.)

22,810 hectare area in total are irrigated in Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project site and its surroundings in Narlı and Kahramanmaraş Plains by Kartalkaya Dam, which was constructed on Aksu creek located in the 5 km northwest of Pazarcık district in Kahramanmaraş province and was taken into operation in 1971. Additionally, the water is delivered for drinking, utility and industrial water demand of Gaziantep province. Kesme Regulator and HEPP project are located in the upstream of existing Kartalkaya Dam. After the waters are used through Kesme Regulator and HEPP project, they will be discharged into the existing Dehliz Regulator regulating the irrigation waters in the downstream. Sır Enerji project hydroelectric power plant having an installed power of 8 MW, which was developed by the private sector and is under construction, is located at the slope of Kartalkaya dam as bottom power plant. Energy generation is planned with the waters delivered for irrigation or sluiced waters from Karakaya dam by Kesme Regulator and HEPP project. It will be constructed and operated in a way not to hinder Dehliz regulator and irrigation.

The approximate x and y coordinates for the units included in Kesme HEPP project are presented in Table 27 below. In addition to the material to be obtained from the excavation works in the course of the project, 2 borrow pits will be utilized.

Table 27 Unit Coordinates of Kesme Regulator and HEPP Project

Units CoordinatesX Y

Regulator 4148200,000 341250,000Transmission Tunnel Start Point 4147921,000 340031,000Transmission Tunnel End Point 4148123,000 341248,000HEPP 4147950,000 339980,000Forebay 4147917,000 340000,000Borrow Pit I 4147859,000 339821,000Borrow Pit II 4148090,000 341429,000Site 4148386,000 340763,000

The project site is mountainous in terms of geographical formations. Kesmeli – Kurtağacı – Çarıkyurlar Ridge is located to the north of the project area, Fars – Sarıkaya hills to the south and Kartakaya dam is located to the east of it.

The closest settlements to Kesme Regulator project are Davutlar quarter in the northwest and Bölükçam village in the south. The distances of the settlements to Kesme Regulator and HEPP units are given in the Table 23 above.

The project area is outside the municipality adjacent areas. An approved environment plan or zoning plan pertinent to the region is not available. The entire area where the project will be located is in forestland status. Permit will be obtained for the forestland areas that fall within the project area as per the Article 17 of the Forest Law No. 6831.

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I. Geological, Hyrogeological Characteristics and Natural Disaster Status

The rock units outcropping in the survey area and its immediate vicinity are divided into two groups; allochtonous and autochthonous. The allochtonous units consist of the rock groups settled in the region in the Maastrichtian and demonstrating complex (serpentine, shale with silicium, clayed limestone, radiolarite volcanic rocks and external blocks, etc.) sequence, and the Ophiolite nappe structure tectonically lied over those. The Autochthonous units are the sedimentary rocks, basalt derivatives and young alluvium deposits that have been depositing since the Maastrichtian. The most wide-spread unit in the field having the bedrock qualification is the allochthonous ophiolite nappe (hollow) rocks. All the other units are cover in nature.

The location of the regulator on the right shore is on solid peridodite rock having no decomposition and decay. The left shore consists of peridodite rocks as well. The whole area where the transmission line will pass through is composed of ophiolite rocks. In one part of the area where the forebay will be constructed there is old alluvium cover with pebbles, sand and silt representing the old riverbed of Aksu creek and on the other part, there is talus cover composed of basalt particles and pebbles belonging to stream sediment unit. On the penstock route there are different cover and fill units. There is a thick set padding on the valley overlooking floor facade of the water arch existing in the lower elevations. Just over the arch there is talus filling inside a small valley and on the top there are old riverbed fill near the forebay and talus. There is approximately a 6 m high arch fill on the power plant location and there is approximately 3 – 4 m thick talus cover at the back of it. The lake area is composed of ophiolite rocks in majority.

The nearest surface water to the activity site is the Aksu creek constituting the water source of the regulator, however there are no polluting impact that will be affected by the activity since the wastewater will be discharged into the sewerage system through the measures taken.

Underground water resources have still been utilized in the downtown Kahramanmaraş. The regular use of the deep wells started in 1978 by the facilities installed according to a project conducted. Lakes and lagoons throughout the province are presented in Table 28 and the rivers in Table 29.

Table 28 Kahramanmaraş Province, Lake and Lagoons (K.Maraş Province Environment Status Report)NAME OF THE LAKE SURFACE AREA (ha) LOCATION WATER SOURCEGavur Lake 76 Türkoğlu Natural LakeKumaşır Lake 9 K.Maraş Natural LakeKızıliniş Lagoon 34 Türkoğlu İmalı RiverSarsap Lagoon 70 Elbistan Sarsap Riverİncecik Lagoon 6,28 Elbistan İncecik StreamMerk Lagoon 2,22 Çağlayancerit Kurudere and CacıkZorkun Lagoon 15,10 Çağlayancerit Zorkun Stream

Table 29 Kahramanmaraş Province Rivers (K.Maraş Province Environment Status Report)RIVERS Average Flowrate (m3/sn) Utilization ModeMainstream of Ceyhan River 27,36 Irrigation + EnergyGöksun Creek 13,06 IrrigationAksu Creek 32,56 Irrigation + Drinking WaterKörsulu Creek 4,34 EnergyAndırın Stream 3,23 Irrigation + EnergyKeşiş Stream 12,84 Irrigation + Energy

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The depths of underground water vary between 69-108 m throughout Kahramanmaraş province. There is 1 geothermal area in Süleymanlı in Kahramanmaraş province.

There is no natural disaster risk in the activity area and its surroundings. Project site is located in the 1st Degree earthquake zone in the earthquake zones map of Turkey. All the facilities to be installed will be constructed in accordance with the parameters anticipated for that degree of earthquake. The earthquake map demonstrating the earthquake status of the project site is presented in Figure 10.

Kahramanmaraş is located in a Graben system lying to the north from the Arabian Peninsula and ending at Ahır Mountains. A fault group from Sakçagöz to Pazarcık district in the north east – south west direction and a fault group parallel to that along the İslahiye-Türkoğlu line starting from Hatay until Kahramanmaraş central plain in the south of Kahramanmaraş province constitute the structure of the graben. There are secondary horsts and grabens in that major graben system. The graben ends in the thrust line in the north of Kahramanmaraş province.

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Figure 10 Earthquake Map

II. Status, Quality and Renewability of the Natural Resources in the Region

The project site and its surroundings are not close to any seas. There is a wide stream network in the province. Ceyhan River, one of the important rivers of Turkey, originates from the territories of the province. In this context, the water resources in the region are composed of inland surface waters and underground waters.

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Inland surface waters are in the basin of Ceyhan River and have a wide stream network. Aksu being one of the strongest branches of Ceyhan originates from the mountainsides of Engizek Mountain. Aksu creek sourced from a very strong spring right in the east of Küçükcerit Village, is named as “Ağasuyu” or “Aksugüzü” at the beginning. Aksu is fed by the waters coming from Aksu Büyükcerit direction and becomes a very strong river. Aksu Valley, expands near Pazarcık and opens to Narlı Plain. Aksu creek flowing first in the southwest direction, after to the northeast and then heading to the north is merged into Ceyhan after crossing the Kahramanmaraş Plain in the southeast-northwest direction.

There are many dam reservoirs in the region. Ceyhan river is originated from Pınarbaşı quarter in 3 km east of Elbistan district and its length reaches up to 220 km within the borders of Kahramanmaraş Province. The slope in the middle and upper parts of the river exceeds 1%. Ceyhan River merging with Söğütlü, Hurman and Göksün creeks flow in narrow passes in some places. The average water flowrate in Ceyhan River is 301 m3/sec and this value decreases to 56 m3/sec in dry months and reaches to 1.690 m3/sec in the spring season.

Rain and snow waters enter from the karst lakes and come out from the springs in the bottom of the slopes. The most outstanding springs are the springs in Pınarbaşı and Tanır located within the borders of Elbistan. The temperature of the aforementioned springs is below 10 0C even in summer months and the pH is neutral. There are Kartalkaya, Menzelet and Sır Dams on Ceyhan River and its branches. Kartalkaya Dam reservoir was taken into service in 1972. This earthfill type of dam installed on Aksu creek was built for irrigation purposes. At the same time, drinking water of the province of Gaziantep is supplied from Kartalkaya Dam. And Menzelet Dam reservoir is installed on the Ceyhan River in the northwest of the province. Rockfill type Menzelet Dam is installed for energy and flood purposes. Sır Dam constructed in concrete arch type is for energy purposes. Berke dam reservoir covers the territories of Kahramanmaraş province borders although located within the borders of Adana province.

The area of dam reservoirs in the province is more than 110 km2. Kahramanmaraş province is rich in terms of Dam Reservoirs. The dams constructed on Ceyhan River and its branches are Kartalkaya, Menzelet and Sır dams. Berke, Ayvalı and Kılavuzlu dams are under construction. Adatepe and Kandıl Dams are at tendering stage. Furthermore, there are also smaller dam projects such as; Karatepe, Hasanlı, Söğütlü, Nurhak, Geben, Harmancık.

The dam reservoirs in the province are convenient in terms of professional and amateur fishery activities. Dam reservoirs have the opportunities in their surroundings developed and will be developed by the reactive usages in respect to flora, transportation system and their relation with the settlements. Menzelet, Ayvalı and Sır Dams have the priority based on this point of view.

Afşin-Elbistan lignite deposits in the province covers approximately a 100 km2 area in the region between the districts of Afşin and Elbistan. The presence of lignite in the region was identified by the joint research of MTA (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration) and TKİ (General Directorate of Turkish Coal Enterprises) and Dr. Otto Gold Company between 1967-1969. In that period of time, approximately 850 boreholes were drilled in the region and the borders and quality of the mine was determined.

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Based on the determinations confirmed by the later researches conducted, the reserve is 3.4 billion tons of lignite. Considering 3/1 m3/ton stripping/coal ratio of an economical open pit mine, approximately 1,7 tons of this reserve has exploitable quality. Aforementioned reserve is expressed in 3 separate sections as Çöllolar, Kışlaköy and Afşin sectors.

In accordance with the Bern Convention and other international expansions that Turkey is a party, there are no flora-fauna types to be protected. No natural resources as mines, natural spring waters etc. are encountered at the project site.

2. b) Considering the List of Sensitive Regions in Appendix-V; the Assessment of the Wetland Areas, Coastal Areas, Mountainsides and Forests, Agricultural Areas, National Parks, Specially Protected Areas, Densely Populated Areas, Historical, Cultural, Archaeological and similar Areas, Erosion Areas, Landslip Areas, Afforested Areas, Potential Erosion and Afforested Areas as well as Aquifers that should be Protected in Accordance with the Law on Underground Waters No. 167 and the Natural Environment

The location of the project is Aksu Creek Basin merging into Kartalkaya Dam reservoir in the southeast of Kahramanmaraş province.


1. Areas to be protected under the legislation of our countrya) “National Parks”, “Natural Parks”, “Natural Monuments” and “Natural Protection

Areas” defined in the Article 2 of National Parks Law dated 9/8/1983 and No. 2873 and determined in accordance with Article 3 of this Law.

The only nature protection area within the borders of Andırın district is Körçoban Nature Protection area. There are no national parks, natural parks, natural monuments and natural protection areas in the activity area and close surroundings as defined in the Article 2 of National Parks Law dated 9/8/1983 and No. 2873 and determined in accordance with Article 3 of this Law.

b) “Wildlife Protection Areas and Wild Animals Nesting Areas” determined by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry based on Land Hunting Law dated 1/7/2003 and No. 4915

Kahramanmaraş-Adana Hançerderesi Wildlife Development Area among the wildlife protection areas and wild animals nesting areas is located within the borders of Kahramanmaraş province; it is out of the project site borders and far away from the site.

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c) Determined and registered areas defined as “Cultural Heritage”, “Natural Properties”, “Archaeological Site” or “Protection Area” in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th points of subparagraph (a) titled as “Definitions” of the first paragraph of the 3rd Article of Cultural and Natural Heritages Protection Law dated 21/7/1983 and No. 2863 and in accordance with the same law and the relevant articles of the Law dated 17/6/1987 and No. 3386 (Law on the Amendment of Some Articles of Cultural and Natural Heritages Protection Law No. 2863 and Addition of some Articles to this Law).

There are such areas at the project site (south).

ç) Production and Reproduction Areas of Fisheries in the scope of Fisheries Law dated 22/03/1971 and No. 1380There are no such areas at the project site and its immediate surroundings.

d) The areas defined in the Articles 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution Regulation published in the Official Gazette dated 31/12/2004 and No. 25687

The activity itself is hydroelectric power plant operation. Since there will not be any washing/enrichment plant installed polluting the underground and surface waters in the scope of the project, any waste and wastewater polluting the underground and surface sources in the region will not be generated. For this reason, polluting components shall not be generated with respect to Strict Protected Area, Short-range Protection Area, Medium-range Protection Area, and Long-range Protection Areas.

e) “Vulnerable Pollution Zones” defined in the Article 49 of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality published in the Official Gazette dated 2/11/1986 and No. 19269

There are no such areas at the project site and its surroundings. As a result of the calculations performed, air quality values of the heavy equipment that will work in the site will not reach the limit values given in Article 6.

f) The areas determined and declared as “Special Environmental Protection Zones” by the Council of Ministers in accordance with the Article 9 of Environmental Law dated 9/8/1983 and No. 2872.

There are no areas within the project site borders determined and declared as Special Environmental Protection Zones by the Council of Ministers in accordance with the Article 9 of Environmental Law dated 9/8/1983 and No. 2872.

g) Areas taken under protection in accordance with the Bosphorus Law dated 18/11/1983 and No. 2960

The interaction of the area defined with its coordinates in the related law and the project site is not possible.

ğ) Areas considered as forestland in accordance with the Forest Law dated 31/08/1956 and 6831The whole land within the borders of the project site is in the forestland status and required

permits will be obtained from the Regional Directorate of Forestry before starting the works.

h) Areas where construction ban is imposed due to the Coastal Law dated 4/4/1990 and No. 3621

There are no such areas within the scope of the project.

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ı) Areas indicated in the Law on Improvement of Olive Production and Grafting Wild Ones dated 26/1/1939 and No. 3573There are no such areas at the project site and its immediate surroundings.

i) Areas indicated in Pasture Law dated 25/2/1998 and No. 4342Project site is not located in pasture land.

j) Areas Indicated in the Regulation on Protection of Wetlands enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 17/5/2005 and No. 25818

There are no areas at the project site and its immediate surroundings mentioned in the Regulation on Protection of Wetlands.

2. Areas to be protected under the international agreements that our country is a partya) Protection Zones I and II specified in “Important Marine Turtle Reproduction Areas,”

“Mediterranean Seal Nesting and Reproduction Areas” en among the areas taken under protection in accordance with “Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats” (BERN Convention) that are enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 20/02/1984 and No. 18318

There are no flora, fauna, Protection Zones I and II indicated in “Important Marine Turtle Reproduction Areas”, “Mediterranean Seal Nesting and Reproduction Areas” specified in the related Convention in the project areas and its surroundings.

b) Areas taken under protection in accordance with the “Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution” (Barcelona Convention) enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 12/06/1981 and No. 17368

The project site and its surroundings have no relationship with the areas taken under protection in accordance with the “Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution” (Barcelona Convention).

i) There are no areas in our country identified as “Special Protection Zones” required by the “Protocol on Conservation of Special Protection Zones in the Mediterranean Sea” published in the Official Gazette dated 23/10/1988 and No. 19968).

ii) There are no areas included in “100 Coastal Historical Sites of Common Interest in the Mediterranean” issued by the United Nations Environment Programme selected in accordance with the Geneva Declaration dated 13/9/1985.

iii) There are no coastal areas that are living and nesting areas for the “Endangered Marine Species Specific to the Mediterranean Sea” included in the Article 17 of Geneva Declaration.

c) Cultural, historical and natural areas that are granted the status of “Cultural Heritage” and “Natural Heritage” by the Ministry of Culture as per the 1st and 2nd Articles of “The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14/02/1983 and No. 17959

There are no such areas at the project site.

ç) Areas taken under protection in accordance with the “Convention on the Protection of Wetlands of International Importance as Habitat for Particularly Waterfowls” (RAMSAR Convention) enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 17/05/1994 and No. 21937

There are no such areas at the project site and its close surroundings.- 60 -


d) European Landscape Convention enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 27.07.2003 and No. 25181

There are no areas at the project site identified within the scope of the European Landscape Convention.

3. Areas to be protected a) Areas of which current characteristics are identified as areas to be protected and for which

the construction ban is imposed in the Approved Environment Plans (Areas of which the natural characteristics will be protected, including biogenetic reserve areas, geothermal areas and similar)

Those types of areas are not in question since there is not an approved environment plan for the project site and Kahramanmaraş province.

b) Agricultural Areas: Agricultural development areas, irrigated, possibly irrigated and areas under the land usage classes of I, II, III and IV, classes of I and II used in rain dependent agriculture, and all the special product plantation areas

Since the area that the activity will be performed is among forestlands it is not included in agricultural land status.

c) Wetlands: Natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, having still or flowing water, fresh, brackish or salty, covering depths not exceeding 6 m during the withdrawal stage of tides, all waters having importance as habitat for all the living species foremost waterfowls, swamps, reeds and turbaries and the wetlands in terms of ecology of those areas starting from the coastal line and towards the inland direction.

There are no areas at the project site that can be defined as wetland.

d) Lakes, rivers, underground water operation sitesSince the project itself is the operation of a hydroelectric power plant, it will be constructed on

Körsulu creek and there is no risk of pollution for hydrological resources.

e) Areas having importance for the scientific researches and/or habitat for endangered or possibility endangered species and endemic species for our country, biosphere reserve, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas, geologic and geomorphologic formations with unique characteristics

None of the above-mentioned areas are included in the project site or its surroundings.

I. Flora and Fauna

Especially macquis and the floristic compositions of river shore vegetation are observed in the area. In the Maquis Formation composed of mixed bushes: Quercus coccifera (Kermes Oak), Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak), Cistus creticus (Rockrose) and Paliurus spina-christi (Blackthorn) species exist dominantly. Oak formations in the right and left valleys of Ceyhan River have emerged due to the destruction of Calabrian Pine forests. Among the river shore plant community: Salix pseudomedemii (willow) and Populus tremula (Aspen) species exist dominantly. There are no endemic species for our country among the existing species in the area.

The project area includes habitats rather preferred as breeding and navigation area especially by the continental vertebrate fauna elements having mobility.

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The above-mentioned flora types are observed widespread as well outside the project site. The fauna species existing in the region are the ones that are widespread in Turkey and having high propagation potential. Since the project area dominantly includes scrubland, vineyards and fruit gardens, it constitutes reproduction and shelter habitat for Passeriformes. The population density of determined bird species at the project site and close surroundings is rather low and in general they are represented by 1-10 individuals except some of the passeriformes.

Dust and noise that will be generated during the construction activities will have an impact on flora and fauna. During the construction period, most of the continental fauna species are expected to leave the area around the construction site and go to the similar areas temporarily depending on the intensity of the construction activities. The noise values calculated within the worst case scenarios will end with the completion of construction activities, therefore that impact will be for a short period of time.

Impacts such as dust and noise influencing the flora-fauna in the region during the construction activities will disappear with the completion of construction activities. However, watering will be performed while conducting dust-forming activities and operation of all the construction equipment at the same time will be prevented to minimize the impacts at that period. Moreover, it will be emphasized that the construction equipments to be new and well kept, and the exhaust inspections of the vehicles will be performed regularly. Vibrations originated from the blasts will be kept under control through measurement and the number of explosives to be blasted will be reduced in the case that the vibration is high.

Endangered species and species under protection by 2009 hunting season Central Hunting Commission’s resolution (CHC 2009) of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry are not encountered. When endanger alarming species and species under protection in CHC 2009 are encountered, the provisions of Bern Convention and the resolutions of the Central Hunting Commission will be complied with.

In EIA studies, the research is conducted in a short period of time not to prolong the investment period of the activity owner. The studies for the determination of the flora and fauna comprise approximately 1-1.5 year process. This procedure is conducted in a short period of time since it will prolong the investment process of the activity owner in EIA studies. In this case, during the studies intended for determination of flora and fauna, the field studies are supported by the literature studies.

As a result of investigation and literature studies conducted throughout the project site and province, in general herb and maquis plant formations are observed. There are pinus pallasina-pinus nigra and pinus brutia in the close surrounding of the province.

Table 30 Flora of Project Site and Close SurroundingsNAME IN LATIN NAME IN TURKISH NAME IN LATIN NAME IN TURKISHRHAMNACEAE CICTACEAE

Paliurus spina-christi Karaçalı (Blackthorn) Helianthemum salicifolium

ROSACEAE CHENOPODIAEAE

Rosa canina Kuşburnu (Dog Rose) Chenepodium arvense

Crataegus monogyna Geyik dikeni (Hawthorn) CONVOLVULACEAE

Rubus sanctus Böğürtlen (Blackberry) Convolvulus arvense

MORACEAE CRUCIFERAE

Ficus carica İncir (Fig) Alyssum linifolium ssp linifolium

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NAME IN LATIN NAME IN TURKISH NAME IN LATIN NAME IN TURKISHCOMPOSITAE Capsella bursa-pastoris Çoban çantası (Shepherd’s Purse)Senecio vernalis Kanarya otu (Eastern

Groundsel)DIPSACEAE

Taraxacum officinale Karahindiba (Dandelion) Scabiosa argentea Sinir otu (Plantain)Echinops pungens Eşekdikeni (Thistle) HEDERACEAECentaurea depressa Peygamber çiçeği (Low

Cornflower)Hedera helix Sarmaşık (Ivy)

Centaurea virgata EUPHORBIACEAECirsium creticum ssp creticum Euphorbia falcata ssp rosulans Sütleğen (Spurge)Logfia arvensis GRAMINEAECichorium inthybus Hordeum bulbosum Yabani arpa (Wild Barley)Sonchus asper Poa bulbosaAnthemis chia Papatya (Daisy) Stipa bromoidesLABIATAE PAPAVERACEAEThymus sipyleus ssp rosulans Kekik (Thyme) Glacium leiocarpum Gelincik (Poppy)Ajuga chamaephtis ssp chia Papaver rhoeasSalvia virgata PLANTAGINACEAELILIACAEA Plantago lanceolata Sinir otu (English Plantain)Allium orientale Yabani soğan (Wild

Onion)MALVCEAE

LEGUMINASAE Malva neglecta Ebegümeci (Mallow)Astragalus hamosus Geven (Tragacanth) UMBELLIFERAETrifolium campestre Üçgül (Hop Trefoil) Eryngium campestreTrigonella monspeliaca Torillis leptophyllaMedicako Sativa sativa Yonca (Clover) Turgelium hirsutum Pıtrak (Cocklebur)Medicago rigidula VIOCEAEROSACEAE Viola odorata Kokulu menekşe (Sweet Violet)Fragaria vesca Çilek (Woodland

Strawberry)Rubuc rhoeas Böğürtlen (Blackberry)

Any species, which is endemic, rare and endangered, protected under national and international laws are not encountered in the project site.

II. Fauna of Activity Area and its Surroundings

The area that the facility is planned to be installed is composed of rivers in some places and lands in some places as it is seen at the photos. According to that, the species observed in the activity area and its surroundings are determined through field studies and in the light of information collected from the locals and listed below;

Table 31 Fish Species Living in the Waters of Kahramanmaraş Region

Scientific name Name in Turkish (Geldiay ve Balık, 1988) Local NameCyprinus carpio Sazan (Carp) Üretim, aynalı

Leuciscus cephalus Tatlısu kefali (European Chub) KefalCapoeta capoeta angorae Siraz Sarı balık

Capoeta barroisi Siraz Çapar balıkAlburnus orontis İnci Balığı (Bleak) Gümüş balığı

Silurus glanis Yayın (Wels catfish) Et balığıClarias lazera Kara balık (Eel-like Catfish) Kara balık, Sekiz bıyık

Salaria fluviatilis Horozbina (Freshwater Blenny)Salmo trutta macrostigma Dağ alabalığı (Brown Trout) Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Acanthobrama marmid Tahta balığı (White Sea Bream) ÇipuraBarbus rajanorum Bıyıklı balık (Goatfish) Sivri sazan

Aphanius cyprii Dişli azancık (Phyllopteryx)Nemachaeilus angorae Çöpçü (Angora Loach)

Nemachaeilus tsyhienchus “Phoxinellus zeregii Ot balığı (Gray Wrasse)

Rutilus tricolar Gördek balığı (Rovella)Garra rufa Yağlı balık (Doctor Fish) kaya balığıCobitid sp. Tatlı su kaya balığı (Monkey Goby) “

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Table 32 Fauna of Project Site

NAME IN LATIN NAME IN TURKISH NAME IN LATIN NAME IN TURKISHAMPHIBIA AMPHIBIANS COLUBRIDAEPLEOBATIDAE Coluber caspiusPelobates syriacus Toprak kurbağası*

(European Spadefoot Toad)Coluber jugularis

BUFONIDAE Eryx jaculus familiarisBufo viridis Gece kurbağası

**(European Green Toad)Eirenis modestrus

Bufo bufo Siğili kurbağa (Toad) LACERTIDAERANIDAE Ophisops elegans Tarla kertenkelesi

(Snake-eyed Lizard)Rana ridibunda Ova kurbağası* (March

Frog)Lacerta princepskurdistanica

REPTILIA REPTILES Lacerta cappadocica wolteri

AGAMIDAE Lacerta trilineta mediaAgama stellio Dikenli keler* (Asian Rock

Agama)Agama r.ruderata

TESTUNIDINAE Agama s.stelioTestuda graeca Adi tospağa** (Spur-thighed

Tortoise)Crfodactylus heterocercus

LACERTIDAE MAMALIA MAMMALSMabuya aurata CANIDAEAgama ruderata Vulpes vulpes Tilki1 (Red Fox)Agama stelio Canis aereus Çakal³ (Golden Jackal)Blonus strauchi aporus GLIRIDAEEumeces schneider princeps

Myomimus roachi

Mabuya aurata HYSTRIDAREVerranus grisesus Hystrx cristata Oklu kirpi**1 (Crested

Porcupine)Lacerta tirilineta LEPORIDAEAVES BIRDS Lepus europeus Yabani tavşan*2

(European Hare)CORVIDAE MURIDAECorvux corax Karakarga³ (Raven) Mus musculus Ev faresi (Mus)Garrulus glandarius Alakarga³ (Jay) TALPIDAEPica pica Saksağan³ (Magpie) Talpa europeus Köstebek (Mole)FRINGILLIDAE MUSTELIDAECarduelis carduelis Saka**1 ( European

Goldfinch)Mustela nivalis Gelincik*1 (Weasel)

PASERIDAE Meles meles Porsuk*1 (European Badger)

Passer domesticus INSECTA INSECTSFALCONIDAE Polistes callicus Eşek arısı (European

Paper Wasp)Falko subbuteo Delice doğan**1(a3) (Eurasian

Hobby)Chloeartis conspers Ağustos böceği (Cricket)

PHASINIDAE Mantis religiosa Peygamber devesi (European Mantis)

Cotumix cotumix Bıldırcın2A4 (Common Quail) Mecosthetus grossuz Çekirge (Grasshopper)Turdus plaris Ardıç kuşu (Fieldfare) Anarcridium

aegyptiumÇöl çekirgesi (Egyptian Locust)

Buteo buteo Şahin (Buzzard) Supella supellectilum Hamam böceği (Cockroach)

ENDANGERED BIRD SPECIES

Cygnus cygnus Ötücü kuğu (Whooper Swan)

Perdix perdix Çil keklik (Grey Partridge)In the Table:*,1 : Species under protection

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** : Species under strict protection2 : Species that are allowed to be hunted in certain intervals3 : Species that can always be hunted

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SECTION 3 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT AND SITE

Hydroelectric Energy is a type of energy having the characteristics of immediately meeting the energy demands increasing and decreasing in the certain times of the day and shutting down when the demand decreases. Hydroelectric energy has the following advantages; being clean energy; if not used there will be loss of source due to natural discharge of our rivers to the seas; additionally the most important of all it is much cheaper compared to the alternatives that some of them are met by import, to meet the peak demands of our country; being practical and can immediately be given to the system and delivered to the demanded regions. Thus these advantages necessitates the development of our hydroelectric potential.

The project is one of the HEPP projects developed that is intended for meeting Turkey’s energy demand. Hydroelectric power plants are one of the cleanest systems regarding energy generation. Our dependency on foreign resources will rather decrease by the start-up of hydroelectric power plants and cheap energy will be obtained. Moreover, country’s own natural resources will be used instead of natural gas and petroleum. A serious dynamism in terms of employment will be experienced, constructing dams all around Turkey. Additionally, subsidiary industries and related investments will also be activated.

The profitability of the project is found as less than 1 in the analysis calculation performed in accordance with DSİ criteria. There are no alternative activity possibilities other than the formulation proposed in the project. Because the project has to be constructed as proposed between Karakaya Dam and Dehliz Regulator. There are no other technical alternatives for the project.

There are no operation areas having the qualification of introducing different formulations in the Kesme Regulator and HEPP project. However, despite the fact that the most suitable location was tried to be chosen for the determination of the regulator axis, if a better axis determination that will be found at the final project stage, then it may also be analyzed.

I. Results

Rapid industrialization and population growth rendered the energy sector to a sector in which the rapid investment for our country should be made. Especially, the fact that our country is insufficient in terms of petroleum resources, on the contrary rich in terms of surface water resources, made the energy policy shift to hydroelectric power plants (HEPP) necessary. HEPPs are one of the major energy resources preferred in the World because of their low operational costs and not having very important harmful impacts on the environment.

Nowadays, when the hydroelectric power plants have been rapidly realized, one of the projects planned to be constructed is Kesme Regulator, HEPP, Borrow Pits and Transmission Line Project. Kesme Project is located within the borders of the Province of Kahramanmaraş, Pazarcık District.

Annually 16,077 GWh energy generation in average is aimed at Kesme Hydroelectric Power Plant that will have an installed power of 4,852 MW.

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In the scope of regulator and HEPP project planned by KIVANÇ Enerji, construction of regulator, transmission canal, forebay, penstock and power house will be conducted. Kesme regulator will expand the streams in Aksu creek and will drop them into the plant through canal, forebay and penstock systems, so that energy will be generated and the streams will be discharged again into Aksu creek at the outlet of the power plant.

Kesme Regulator and HEPP is a plant with reservoir. Two borrow pit locations were chosen for the concrete aggregate materials of the reinforced concrete works of the engineering structures and the aggregates that will be obtained by excavation. It is considered that 50% of the excavation materials that will be generated during the construction activities, will be converted to the appropriate sizes at the crushing-screening plant and then will be utilized for concrete production and the rest will be utilized either as backfill material for the roads constructed/rehabilitated or during the rehabilitation of the equipment area. The vegetative soil obtained during the excavation will be stored under suitable conditions in the area of the unit to be excavated or nearby, and will be used in the rehabilitation and/or landscaping activities.

The nearest settlements to the Kesme Regulator project are Davutlar Quarter in the northwest and Bölükçam village in the south.


There are no natural parks, national parks and natural monuments within the borders of Kahramanmaraş province. There is Körçoban Nature Protection area under the Directorate of Kahramanmaraş Nature Protection and National Parks Branch Directorate within the borders of Andırın district. Adana Kahramanmaraş Hançerderesi Wildlife Rearing Area and Tekkoz-Kengerlidüz Nature Protection Area (72 ha) located in Amanos Mountains, Zorkun Wildlife Protection Area (2.8 ha) and Arsuz Wildlife Protection Area (49 ha) are in the region. However, none of those areas are within the borders of Kesme HEPP and energy transmission line. Based on the aforementioned information, it can be indicated that in the project impact area there are no cultural and natural heritages within the scope of “Cultural Heritage”, “Natural Heritage”, “Archaeological Site” and Protection Area” in accordance with Law on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage No. 2863.

In the context of maintaining the sustainable development principle, determining the positive and negative impacts of the project on natural resources, environmental conditions and local, regional and national scaled socio-economic elements will assist conducting environmental and socio-economic benefit and cost analyses of the project. Some environmental and socio-economic impacts will occur during the construction and operation stages of the project and with the necessary measures to be taken, the project will be a leastwise solution for the energy shortage expected in the future. The environmental impacts during the construction and operation stages may be on air, water, soil, flora and fauna whereas social impacts will be generally on the settlements around the project site and/or project site or on the persons who have lands at the project site. Employment opportunities will be provided to the locals during project construction, and the tools, equipment and materials required during construction will be supplied from the region causing dynamism in the economy.

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The impacts on air quality will be in general during the construction stage of the project. Dust emissions will occur during excavation-filling operations, activities carried out for the supply of materials from the material sites, the transportation and unloading of those materials; blastings to be made during the construction of the transmission tunnel and dust emissions from these activities and exhaust emissions from the construction equipment used during project construction activities. Those types of impacts are not expected at the operation stage. Measures such as watering and dust suppression will be taken especially during the activities that will be performed during construction period and activities having dust emissive qualifications in order to keep the dust occurring during the construction stage of the project below indicated limit values. With the purpose of minimizing emissions originated from heavy equipment, the exhaust inspections of the vehicles will be done and those vehicles will be utilized during the activities. In order to reduce the exhaust gas generated from the vehicles utilized at the construction and operation stages and not to exceed the given limit values, the provisions of Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Land Engine Vehicles in Traffic will be complied with. Moreover, in order to maintain the air quality standards during storing outdoors, transporting, loading and unloading of the excavation material, the measures for materials stored outdoor indicated in the Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities will be taken. Neither fuel nor dust generating process in the operation period will be performed, thus an impact on the air pollution is not expected.

The wastewater formation at the construction stage of the project will consist of activities related with concrete production and drinking/using water purposes for the staff. The water necessary for concrete plant and prevention of dust emission will be supplied from Aksu creek. Drinking - utility water will be supplied from the spring waters existing near the construction site to be installed. As a result of the calculations, the domestic water demand for 100 persons to work at the construction stage is estimated to be 15 m3. In the same way, 50 m3 water for washing the concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers and approximately 2,000 m3 water in total will be required for concrete production in the course of the whole project. The amount of water to be used in addition to the measures applied to prevent the dust emission occurred during the construction activities may change depending on the surface geometry of the material to be transported, meteorological conditions of the environment before and after watering and topographic condition of the land to be excavated.

Domestic wastewaters will be collected in the cesspool of which the project is enclosed, and will be periodically discharged to the system where the municipality discharges the sewage after vacuuming with sewage trucks. Provisions of the Article 25 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution will be taken into account on this issue. Wastewater resulted from the washing of concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers will be reused for washing of concrete aggregate material and concrete mixers processes after being treated in the sedimentation pool planned to be constructed. Discharge of unused water again into the creek after treatment will be considered. The provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31 December 2004 and No. 25687 and the Fisheries Law No. 1380 will be complied with.

1,5 m3/day wastewater generated from the working personnel during the operation stage will be collected in a leak proof cesspool that will be constructed at the construction stage and will be vacuumed by the sewage truck in certain time intervals and discharged to the system which the Municipality discharges the sewerage. The provisions of the Article 25 of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution will be taken into consideration on this matter.

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Noise will occur especially due to heavy equipment during excavation and filling operations at the stage of site arrangement. In addition to that, noise occurring due to project traffic during the operation period is possible. Project generated noise is expected to have negative impacts on settlements in the near environment of the project and fauna. With the purpose of prevention of that impact, the heavy equipment to be utilized will be regularly controlled and it will be maintained that the maximum noise levels indicated in the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise will not be exceeded. In order to keep the noise dependent impacts at minimum during the project construction, impact reducing and preventing measures will be taken. Against the noise occurring during energy generation, the control chamber in the HEPP building will be constructed with isolation against the noise and vibration that will be emitted from the generator and turbines.

100 personnel in total are planned to work at the construction stage and the formation of 134 kg/day domestic solid waste is expected. For the disposal of the solid wastes formed, the principles related to the collection and transportation of solid wastes stated in Section 4, Article 18 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No.20814 will be complied with. According to that, solid wastes will not be dumped into the places where they will cause negative impact on the environment and will be collected preserved in standard closed waste bins. In accordance with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be disposed at the garbage storage areas after being transported by special closed vehicles that will be provided by KIVANÇ Enerji, in a way not to pollute the environment in terms of appearance, smell, dust, leakage and similar factors.

It is considered that 50% of the excavation materials that will be generated during the construction activities, will be converted to the appropriate sizes at the crushing-screening plant and then will be utilized for concrete production and the rest will be utilized either as backfill material for the roads constructed/rehabilitated or during the rehabilitation of the equipment area. The vegetative soil obtained during the excavation will be stored under suitable conditions in the area of the unit to be excavated or nearby, and will be used in the rehabilitation and/or landscaping activities.

Any process originated solid waste formation during the operation period of the activity is not in question. 13,4 kg/day domestic solid waste will be generated by the working staff. For the disposal of the solid wastes formed, the principles related to the collection and transportation of solid wastes laid down in the Section 4, Article 18 of the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814 will be complied with and according to this, solid wastes will not be dumped into the places where they will cause negative impacts on the environment and will be collected in standard closed waste bins. In accordance with the Article 20 of the same section, they will be disposed at the garbage storage areas after being transported by special closed vehicles of the subcontractor company of the Municipality of Pazarcık for garbage collection and transportation services, in a way not to pollute the environment in terms of appearance, smell, dust, leakage and similar factors.

Usage of the reusable solid wastes will be maintained by selling them. Reusable and recyclable solid wastes originated from the plant will be disposed in accordance with the related provisions of the Regulation on Control of Packaging and Packaging Wastes dated 30.07.2004 and No. 25538.

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Any hazardous waste formation during both construction and operation periods of the project is not in question. The only hazardous waste possible to be produced in the context of the project may be specified as waste oils. Any waste oil originated from the process both in the construction and operation stages of the project are not in question. Any waste oil formation is not expected since at the construction and operation stages the oil change of the heavy equipment and transportation vehicles will be performed in the licensed gas stations. Transformation of lubricating oils used during the operation stage for the lubrication of generators and transformers into waste in time is possible. Produced waste lubricants will be collected separately from the other wastes at the activity site and it will be maintained that following their waste oils analysis the waste oils formed will be carried with the licensed transporting companies and delivered to the licensed waste oil recycling plants.

Food will not be prepared in the plant and catering services will be provided from the companies and restaurants in the surrounding districts. Therefore, any waste vegetable oil produced within the scope of the activity is not in question.

The accumulators utilized in the vehicles and heavy equipment during the construction stage will be changed in the services when they become waste. The new accumulator will be taken for deposit and will be changed in the service when it becomes waste. Waste batteries sourced from the tools and equipment used in administrative affairs at the operation stage will be collected separately from the other domestic wastes and delivered to the Municipality of Pazarcık.

Environmental impact assessment studies were conducted with the purpose of determining the required measures to prevent and/or minimize the mentioned environmental impacts and maximizing the project benefits in addition to the environmental protection through best engineering practices by assessing the alternatives. By means of measures and plans developed as a result of this study, the negative impacts that may be caused by Kesme HEPP throughout the province will be prevented and/or reduced and also maintaining the use of hydroelectric potential, it is expected that the environmental constraints will be decreased and the project will be a part of development in local, regional and national scales in an indirect manner.

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