UNIVERSITY OF KENT

Module Specification

1. The title of the module:Contemporary Energy Security: Models, Markets and Strategies (PO943)

(Brussels School of International Studies)

2. The School responsible for management of the module:Politics and International Relations (Brussels)

3. The Start Date of the Module:Spring 2012

4. The cohort of students (onwards) to which the module will be applicable.September 2011 entrants onwards.

5. The number of students expected to take the module20 - 25

6. Modules to be withdrawn on the introduction of this proposed module and consultation with other relevant Departments and Faculties regarding the withdrawalNo module needs to be withdrawn.

7. The level of the module (eg Certificate [C], Intermediate [I], Honours [H] or Postgraduate [M])M (FHEQ Level: 7)

8. The number of credits that the module represents 20

9. Which term(s) the module is to be taught in (or other teaching pattern)Spring

10. Prerequisite and co-requisite modulesNone

11. The programmes of study to which the module contributesThe module is most relevant to the MA programme in International Political Economy, but it will be open to all MA students at the BSIS.

12. The intended subject specific learning outcomes and, as appropriate, their relationship to the programme learning outcomes of the MA in International RelationsSLO: 1-7. On successful completion of the module, students will have a good knowledge and understanding of:

SLO 1: Understand the foundational precepts of energy security issues grounded in the tripartite view of IR Theory, pluralistic IPE market perspectives, and neoliberal institutionalist-oriented theories of governance.

SLO 2: Critically assess these theories in terms of their ability to generate 4 cardinal ‘working models’ of energy security as they inform the geo-political, geo-economic and institutionalised dynamics of the energy industry.

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SLO 3: Competently demonstrate a working knowledge of the characteristics of key energy actors, including consumers, producers and transit states, as well as the public and private energy actors at the national, regional and international level.

SLO 4: Understand the key features of the ‘topography’ of energy security; namely the tensions and challenges comprised in east-west Pan-European Energy Security; north-south demands as features in the transition between old and new ‘Great Games’, alongside contemporary trends of resource nationalism and ‘pipeline politics’.

SLO 5: Be familiar with the clashes arising between extraction of hydrocarbons and geological and atmospheric impacts as well as the impact this has on fashioning Climate Change policy.

SLO 6: Clearly grasp the connections between the conceptual foundation and empirical outcomes of energy relations entailed in four relevant and topical case studies, as well as competently pointing to the inherent tension of energy security as both a form of nationalised securitised conflict and a source of integrated institutionalised cooperation.

SLO 7: Be competent in identifying contemporary energy relationships as a series of inter-connections between multi-actor, multi-policy terrains and the way in which they currently define the developed West, as well as affecting north-south consumer-producer relations.

By helping students to progress towards these subject-specific outcomes, the module contributes to achieving the following Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO) of the M.A. programme in International Political Economy:

PLO A1: Acquire knowledge and understanding of key historical and philosophical issues in the development of the global economy, together with familiarity with appropriate bibliographical sources (SLO: 1, 2, 3, 4)

PLO A2: learn how to apply general theoretical and conceptual frameworks to the analysis of specific issues and problems in domestic, regional, and international settings (SLO:5,6 );

PLO A3: learn to utilise qualitative and quantitative research methods and evaluate critically their application in the scholarly literature and in policy papers (SLO:5);

PLO A4: learn how to design and conduct a research project demonstrating awareness of epistemological and methodological principles appropriate to the subject of that research project (SLO: 5) ;

PLO A5: learn how to carry out an independent research project and write in a scholarly manner demonstrating familiarity with academic conventions (SLO: 2, 5);

PLO A6: Acquire knowledge and understanding of the nature of political, economic, social and technological problems, their emergence and dynamics (SLO: 1-4);

PLO A7: Acquire knowledge and understanding of the effect of global economic, political and social processes on development, both in national and international perspective (SLO: 1-4).

PLO B 1: develop general research skills, especially bibliographic and computing skills (SLO: 3,5);

PLO B2: learn how to gather, organize and deploy evidence, data and information from a variety of secondary and some primary sources (SLO: 3,6) ;

PLO B3: be able to identify, investigate, analyse, formulate and advocate solutions to problems; develop reasoned arguments (SLO: 1, 2, 6);

PLO B4: be able to develop reasoned arguments, synthesise relevant information and exercise critical judgement (SLO: 2, 6) ;

PLO C1: understand the different uses for theory in International Political Economy

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and develop an individual stance on the appropriate application of theory (SLO: 1,2,5,6);

PLO C2: apply concepts, theories and methods used in International Political Economy to contemporary issues and problems (SLO: 2);

PLO C3: evaluate the interrelationships between the literatures and methodologies of International Political Economy and related disciplines, such as law, political theory, economics, sociology and history (SLO:1,2);

PLO C4: describe, evaluate and apply different approaches to collecting, analysing and presenting social and technical information (SLO: 5,6);

PLO D1: Communication: communicate effectively and fluently in speech and writing; organise information clearly and coherently; use communication and information technology for the retrieval and presentation of information, including, where appropriate, statistical or numerical information (SLO: 1-3 );

PLO D2: Information technology: produce written documents; undertake online research; communicate using e-mail; process information using databases (SLO: 5);

PLO D3: Working with others: define and review the work of others; work co-operatively on group tasks; understand how groups function; collaborate with others and contribute effectively to the achievement of common goals (SLO: 5, 6);

PLO D4: Improving own learning: explore personal strengths and weaknesses; time management; review working environment (especially student-staff relationship); develop autonomy in learning; work independently, demonstrating initiative and self-organisation. Important research management skills include the setting of appropriate timescales for different stages of the research with clear starting and finishing dates (through a dissertation); presentation of a clear statement of the purposes and expected results of the research; and developing appropriate means of estimating and monitoring resources and use of time (SLO: 1-6).

PLO D5: Problem solving: identify and define problems; explore alternative solutions and discriminate between them (SLO: 2, 5,6);

PLO D6: Personal career development: students are encouraged to manage their own career progression and development proactively and are supported in developing skills in researching and retrieving information on opportunities for employment and continuing personal and career development (SLO: 6).

13. The intended generic learning outcomes (GLO) and, as appropriate, their relationship to programme learning outcomes of the MA in International Relations

Students who successfully complete this module:

GLO1: will be able to work with theoretical knowledge and apply theory to practical issues

GLO2: will be aware of the ethical dimensions of the scholarly work done in their discipline in general as well as in their own work

GLO3: will be able to undertake analysis of complex, incomplete or contradictory areas of knowledge and make carefully constructed arguments

GLO4: will have a level of conceptual understanding that will allow them to critically evaluate research, policies, and practices

GLO5: will be reflective and self-critical in their workGLO6: will be able to use the internet, bibliographic search engines, online resources,

and effectively conduct researchGLO7: will be able to engage in academic and professional communication with

others

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GLO8: will have independent learning ability required for further study or professional work

By helping students to progress towards these generic learning outcomes, the module contributes to achieving the following Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO) of the M.A. programme in International Political Economy:

PLO A1: Acquire knowledge and understanding of key historical and philosophical issues in the development of the global economy, together with familiarity with appropriate bibliographical sources (GLO: 3, 4);

PLO A2: learn how to apply general theoretical and conceptual frameworks to the analysis of specific issues and problems in domestic, regional, and international settings (GLO: 1);

PLO A3: learn to utilise qualitative and quantitative research methods and evaluate critically their application in the scholarly literature and in policy papers (GLO:1,3);

PLO A4: learn how to design and conduct a research project demonstrating awareness of epistemological and methodological principles appropriate to the subject of that research project (GLO:3,4 );

PLO A5: learn how to carry out an independent research project and write in a scholarly manner demonstrating familiarity with academic conventions (GLO:3,4 );

PLO A6: Acquire knowledge and understanding of the nature of political, economic, social and technological problems, their emergence and dynamics (GLO: 1, 2, 3);

PLO A7: Acquire knowledge and understanding of the effect of global economic, political and social processes on development, both in national and international perspective (GLO: 1,2, 3 ).

PLO B 1: develop general research skills, especially bibliographic and computing skills (GLO:6 );

PLO B2: learn how to gather, organize and deploy evidence, data and information from a variety of secondary and some primary sources (GLO: 6);

PLO B3: be able to identify, investigate, analyse, formulate and advocate solutions to problems; develop reasoned arguments (GLO: 1,2,3);

PLO B4: be able to develop reasoned arguments, synthesise relevant information and exercise critical judgement (GLO: 1-4);

PLO B5: reflect on, and manage, their own learning and seek to make use of constructive feedback from peers and staff to enhance their performance and personal skills (GLO:8 );

PLO C1: understand the different uses for theory in International Political Economy and develop an individual stance on the appropriate application of theory (GLO: 1,3);

PLO C2: apply concepts, theories and methods used in International Political Economy to contemporary issues and problems (GLO: 1);

PLO C3: evaluate the interrelationships between the literatures and methodologies of International Political Economy and related disciplines, such as law, political theory, economics, sociology and history (GLO: 4);

PLO C4: describe, evaluate and apply different approaches to collecting, analysing and presenting social and technical information (GLO: 6);

PLO D1: Communication: communicate effectively and fluently in speech and writing; organise information clearly and coherently; use communication and information technology for the retrieval and presentation of information, including, where appropriate, statistical or numerical information (GLO: 7);

PLO D2: Information technology: produce written documents; undertake online

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research; communicate using e-mail; process information using databases (GLO: 6);

PLO D3: Working with others: define and review the work of others; work co-operatively on group tasks; understand how groups function; collaborate with others and contribute effectively to the achievement of common goals (GLO: 7);

PLO D4: Improving own learning: explore personal strengths and weaknesses; time management; review working environment (especially student-staff relationship); develop autonomy in learning; work independently, demonstrating initiative and self-organisation. Important research management skills include the setting of appropriate timescales for different stages of the research with clear starting and finishing dates (through a dissertation); presentation of a clear statement of the purposes and expected results of the research; and developing appropriate means of estimating and monitoring resources and use of time (GLO: 8);

PLO D5: Problem solving: identify and define problems; explore alternative solutions and discriminate between them (GLO: 1,3,4);

14. A synopsis of the curriculumAim of Course: The course has a three-fold role. First, to introduce students to the range of concepts and theories by which energy and ‘energy security’ may be defined and deconstructed. This conceptual foundation has three key sources: theories associated with the canon of IR Theory; pluralistic market perspectives emerging from IPE; and contemporary theories of governance arising largely from neoliberal institutionalism. From this foundational triptych, energy emerges simultaneously (but unevenly) as a concept of supply and demand, a public and foreign policy, and an economic programme. The securing of energy thus roughly confirms to the conceptual perspectives of realism, liberalism and governance in revealing energy according to a variety of dimensions: from sovereign and securitised, to integrated, liberalised and even institutionalised to globally-governed.

Second, the course puts these broad theories to use by introducing students to the ‘working models’ that arise from these definitions to describe both the major actors populating contemporary energy politics, and the predominant nature of their geo-political, geo-economic and institutionalised relationships with each other.

Third, the course applies the conceptual and empirical foundation established in the first 8 weeks in a series of relevant and topical case studies in which the ‘bipolar’ characteristics of energy security as both a form of nationalised securitised conflict and a source of integrated institutionalised cooperation feature. Simply put, the course moves from conceptual theories and models to practical examples of energy as security of supply and security of demand to demonstrate the multi-actor, multi-policy terrain of contemporary energy relationships currently defining the developed West, and a variety of new north-south consumer-producer relations.

15. Indicative Reading List Required Course Texts: Students are required to purchase a minimum of three of the following texts:

1. Banks, Ferdinand, E., The Political Economy of World Energy: An Introductory Textbook, New Jersey, World Scientific, 2007.

2. Kalicki, J. and David Goldwyn, Energy and Security: Toward a New Foreign Policy Strategy, Washington, Woodrow Wilson Centre Press, 2005.

3. Müller-Kraenner, S., Energy Security: Re-Measuring the World, London, Earthscan, 2008.

4. Tekin, A. and Paul A. Williams, Geo-Politics of the Euro-Asia Energy Nexus: The

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Euroepan Union, Russia and Turkey (New Security Challenges), Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

5. Youngs, Richard, Energy Security: Europe’s New Foreign Policy Challenge, Routledge, 2009.

Further Readings: Students are encouraged to invest in at least one of the following texts to complement the required readings. (I) European Energy Security Kalyuzhnova, Y. (eds) Energy in the Caspian Region, Palgrave, London, 2002.Leveque, Francois, Jean-Michel Glachant, Julian Barquin and Christian Von Hirschhausen, Security of Energy Supply in Europe: Natural Gas, Nuclear and Hydrogen (Loyola De Palacio Series on European Energy Policy) by, Edward Elgar, 2010.

Marquina, Antonio, Energy Security: Visions from Asia and Europe by, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Quemada, José María Marín, Carlos Velasco Murviedro, Javier García-Verdugo Sales and Gonzalo Escribano Francés, Energy Security for the EU in the 21st Century: Markets, Geopolitics and Corridors (Routledge Studies in Ecological Economics) by, Routledge, 2012 (forthcoming).

(II) Russian Energy Security Pirani, S. (ed) Russian and CIS Gas Markets and Their Impact on Europe, OIES, 2009,Smith, Keith C. Russia and European Energy Security: Divide and Dominate, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2008.

(III) Global Energy Governance

Goldthau, A. and Jan Martin Witte (ed). Global Energy Governance: The New Rules of the Game, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 2010

Klare, M. T., Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict, New York, Henry Holt and Company, 2001. Kramer Franklin, and John Lyman, Transatlantic Cooperation for Sustainable Energy Security: A Report of the Global Dialogue between the European Union and the United States, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009.

Lesage, D. Thijs Van de Graaf and Kirsten Westphal. Global Energy Governance in a Multipolar World, Burlington: Ashgate, 2010.

Wenger, A., R. Orttung, J. Perovic, Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, Oxford University Press, USA, 2009.(IV) Energy and LawRoggenkam, M. (ed) Energy Law in Europe Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Sanam S. Haghighi, Energy Security: The External Legal Relations of the European Union with Major Oil and Gas Supplying Countries (Modern Studies in European Law) by, Hart Publishing, 2007.

(V) Energy History Yergin, D. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power, Free Press; New Edition, December, 2008.

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Debeir, J-C., Deleage, J-P., and Hemery, D., In the Servitude of Power: Energy and Civilization Through the Ages, London, Zed Books, 1986.

16. Learning and Teaching Methods (LTM), including the nature and number of contact hours and the total study hours which will be expected of students, and how these relate to achievement of the intended learning outcomesLecturesThere will be twelve one-hour lectures dealing with the elements outlined above. Each lecture will introduce major concepts and developments, reflect critically on those concepts, situate each concept and its development within the wider political context and the context of the course, and provide navigation points through the relevant reading so that students are provided a structured environment in which to achieve the learning outcomes SLO 12: 1-4 and GLO 13: 1, 2, and 4. More specifically, these outcomes will be achieved through the oral and visual presentation of lecture material that will introduce the relevant issues, present key positions, demonstrate points of contention by leading students through the central debates, and demonstrate means of accommodating them in a research project. Additionally, an introduction to the use of practical research skills, analytical skills, and forms of argumentation, will enable students to enhance their research and development of key skills (SLO 12:5,6; GLO 13: 6-8).

SeminarsEach weekly one-hour lecture will be complemented by a one-hour seminar (a total of 12 hours), in which the topic of the lecture will be deconstructed and analyzed in smaller groups. The seminars are intended to develop the necessary skills of the students in expressing, attacking and defending academic positions and arguments. Through this, students will acquire greater familiarity with the subject matter of the module and hence be assisted in achieving the module’s objectives. Seminars will be based on discussions of the topics introduced in the lectures and the reading done independently by students, including the examination of specific case studies. In particular, students will gain comprehensive understanding by linking lectures, independent reading and class discussion; applying concepts and theories to questions of policy and practice; enabling them to structure and defend complex arguments through discussions (SLO 12: 3, 5, 6, 7; GLO 13: 4-8). These learning outcomes will be achieved through student participation in informal group work and presentations which require the use of research, analytical and presentational skills, as well as through the seminar discussions in which students develop their understanding through interaction, co-operation and confrontation with their peers.

Independent study (176 hours)Students will be expected to read the stipulated texts for each lecture and seminar session, as well as embarking more widely upon the recommended texts of the module. Additionally, students will be expected to conduct independent research for their seminar presentation, and their coursework essay. This will help them in particularly to achieve learning outcomes SLO 12: 3 and 6 and GLO 13: 1, 4-8), namely by exploring in detail aspects and issues introduced in the lectures; linking them to wider issues in international politics; reflecting critically on them, and develop their own perspective. These outcomes will be achieved through students’ own reading, research and preparation of an assessed coursework essay.

Method/tools Learning outcomes Lectures Mainly SLO 12: 1-4 and GLO 13: 1, 2, and

4.Seminars Mainly SLO 12: 3, 5, 6, 7; GLO 13: 4-8. Independent study

SLO 12: 3 and 6 and GLO 1, 4-8.

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17. Assessment methods and how these relate to testing achievement of the intended learning outcomesClass participation and Seminar Presentation: 20%Briefing Paper: 30%Final Exam: 50%

Formative assessment of the seminar presentations and written assignments will be given throughout the module in the form of oral and written feedback. Summative assessment of the module will be based on the following three modes of assessment.

1. Seminar Presentation Each student will make a 10-minute presentation answering the weekly seminar questions by using the weekly readings. The seminar presentations will expect the students to demonstrate familiarity with the readings; and knowledge and understanding in being able to use these to answer pre-assigned seminar questions.

2. The Briefing Paper (BP)The BP is designed to enable students to apply the theoretical and practical insights and debates to an empirical case. With a limit of 3,000 words, the BP should draw on the background of the previous weeks of the course, and can focus on any area of energy security; theoretical, model-based, empirical or case study related. The BP should be written with a practical dimension in mind (i.e. as a substantive piece of informed analysis to be used by policy-makers). It requires a minimum of 9 sources, drawing on both primary and academic sources. 3. Exam

The three-hour exam consists of two parts: a short-answer identification component, with 2-3 sentence answers, and a selection of essay questions, requiring the student to choose and write three essay answers. The combination of short and long answers is specifically designed to test the breadth and depth of the student’s knowledge.

Type of assessment

Task Learning outcomes assessed

Weight towards final mark (%)

Seminar Presentation

Presentation of Weekly Readings to answer Weekly Question

12: 1, 2, 613: 3

20 %

Briefing Paper

A 3000 word briefing paper

12: 1, 2, 5, 6 (depending on topic)13: 1, 3, 4, 5

30%

Exam Short-answer identification component, and essay question component.

Tbc 50%

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18. Implications for learning resources, including staff, library, IT and space

a. Staff: No additional resources requiredb. Library: The acquisition of 1 to 5 new volumes per year will be necessary c. IT: No additional resources requiredd. Space: No additional resources required

19. A statement confirming that, as far as can be reasonably anticipated, the curriculum, learning and teaching methods and forms of assessment do not present any non-justifiable disadvantage to students with disabilities

This is the case.

20. University Department (for cognate programmes) or Faculty (for non-cognate programmes) responsible for the programme:Brussels School of International Studies; Faculty of Social Science

Statement by the Director of Graduate Studies: "I confirm I have been consulted on the above module proposal and have given advice on the correct procedures and required content of module proposals"

Albena Azmanova................................................................Director of Learning and Teaching

…………………………………………………Print Name

29.04.10..............................................Date

Statement by the Head of Department: "I confirm that the Department has approved the introduction of the module and, where the module is proposed by Departmental staff, will be responsible for its resourcing"

Roger Vickerman.................................................................Head of Department

…………………………………………………….Print Name

29.04.10..............................................Date

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University of Kent BrusselsBrussels School of International StudiesSpring 2012

Contemporary Energy Security: Models, Markets and Strategies

(PO XX)

Module Convenor: Dr. Amelia Hadfield

Office: Institute for European Studies, Pleinlaan 5, 1stFloor, B-1050, Brussels Email: Amelia.Hadfield@vub.ac.bePhone: 02.614.8011Office hours: by appointment

Teaching Arrangements: Twelve x 1-hour lectures; followed by twenty-four x 1-hour seminars. Timing: Spring Term: Wednesday 10.00-13.00 hours.

Aim of Course: The course has a three-fold role. First, to introduce students to the range of concepts and theories by which energy and ‘energy security’ may be defined and deconstructed. This conceptual foundation has three key sources: theories associated with the canon of IR Theory; pluralistic market perspectives emerging from IPE; and contemporary theories of governance arising largely from neoliberal institutionalism. From this foundational triptych, energy emerges simultaneously (but unevenly) as a concept of supply and demand, a public and foreign policy, and an economic programme. The securing of energy thus roughly confirms to the conceptual perspectives of realism, liberalism and governance in revealing energy according to a variety of dimensions: from sovereign and securitised, to integrated, liberalised and even institutionalised to globally-governed.

Second, the course puts these broad theories to use by introducing students to the ‘working models’ that arise from these definitions to describe both the major actors populating contemporary energy politics, and the predominant nature of their geo-political, geo-economic and institutionalised relationships with each other.

Third, the course applies the conceptual and empirical foundation established in the first 8 weeks in a series of relevant and topical case studies in which the ‘bipolar’ characteristics of energy security as both a form of nationalised securitised conflict and a source of integrated institutionalised cooperation feature. Simply put, the course moves from conceptual theories and models to practical examples of energy as security of supply and security of demand to demonstrate the multi-actor, multi-policy terrain of contemporary energy relationships currently defining the developed West, and a variety of new north-south consumer-producer relations.

Module Objectives: On successful completion of the module, students will be able to:

Understand the foundational precepts of energy security issues grounded in the tripartite view of IR Theory, pluralistic IPE market perspectives, and neoliberal institutionalist-oriented theories of governance.

Critically assess these theories in terms of their ability to generate 4 cardinal ‘working models’ of energy security as they inform the geo-political, geo-economic and institutionalised dynamics of the energy industry.

Competently demonstrate a working knowledge of the characteristics of key energy actors, including consumers, producers and transit states, as well as the public and

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private energy actors at the national, regional and international level. Understand the key features of the ‘topography’ of energy security; namely the

tensions and challenges comprised in east-west Pan-European Energy Security; north-south demands as features in the transition between old and new ‘Great Games’, alongside contemporary trends of resource nationalism and ‘pipeline politics’.

Be familiar with the clashes arising between extraction of hydrocarbons and geological and atmospheric impacts as well as the impact this has on fashioning Climate Change policy.

Clearly grasp the connections between the conceptual foundation and empirical outcomes of energy relations entailed in four relevant and topical case studies, as well as competently pointing to the inherent tension of energy security as both a form of nationalised securitised conflict and a source of integrated institutionalised cooperation.

Be competent in identifying contemporary energy relationships as a series of inter-connections between multi-actor, multi-policy terrains and the way in which they currently define the developed West, as well as affecting north-south consumer-producer relations.

Teaching MethodThe course will be conducted through:

Ex cathedra teaching by the course convenor; and occasional guest lecturers where appropriate;

The PowerPoint slides of the lectures will be made available to all students; Compulsory Weekly Readings from assigned key texts Additional Weekly Readings provided in the form of hyperlinks to existing articles, or

PDF scans uploaded onto the UKC Moodle learning platform Seminars, consisting of Q&A periods, assigned student presentations based on the

weekly readings (complete with 1 page handouts), a variety of other seminar-based interaction and activities.

Course Materials The course materials will consist of

Compulsory Weekly Readings from key texts (between 2-4 per week) Additional readings provided on Moodle for specific themes and weeks Lecture Notes taken by all students during class Seminar handouts provided by the students Course synopsis and slides provided by the convenor.

It is crucial that students read all compulsory readings for each week, to make sense of the lecture, to understand each session, to present the main arguments during the seminar, and to participate fully.

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Course Assessment

Class participation and Seminar Presentation: 20%Briefing Paper: 30%Final Exam: 50%

Seminar Presentation

Students will make a 10-minute presentation on one of the weekly readings that should conform to the following guidelines: submit a one-page outline of your presentation to Dr Hadfield before the day of your

presentation; do not read out a written text but try to talk from notes;

Your presentation will be assessed on the basis of the following criteria: Content: structure; knowledge and understanding; evidence of research; concise and

persuasive argument; key point emphasised; relevant material; attention to new ideas Style: steady pace; clearly audible; captured interest; maintained interest, good

communication; good organisation; enthusiasm for the subject; use of visual aids Interaction: control of nervousness; handling of questions; eye contact with audience

Seminar Objectives

Seminars themselves will allow you to explore the material to which you have been introduced in both the lecture and the presentation in your own words. To do this successfully, you will need to prepare for each lecture and seminar by reading the requisite articles/chapters/documents in advance and being prepared to engage in the debate of the day. Seminar style will vary from week to week, including document examination, broader discussion, specific presentations (as above), group work and debates. These varying approaches are designed to stimulate your engagement with the issues at hand, while achieving both the specific and general learning outcomes enumerated above.

Briefing Paper: Due last week of term

In addition to the seminar presentation and the exam, a core part of the course is the Briefing Paper (BP). Requirements: Length: 3,000 words. The BP should draw on the background of the previous weeks of the course, and can focus on any area of energy security; theoretical, model-based, empirical or case study related.Focus: The BP should be written with a practical dimension in mind (i.e. as a substantive piece of informed analysis to be used by policy-makers). It requires a minimum of 9 sources, drawing on both official and academic sources. Features: Following the structure of Public Policy Analysis, the Briefing Note needs to contain the following generic features:-identify a policy problem regarding the public provision of (energy) goods and services at the local, national, regional or international level, providing appropriate context as to how the problem first arose;-suggest a solution by articulating the policy design, formal and informal (plus public and private) actors and levels involved in its implementation, its impact in terms of outcomes vs. outputs, and methods of evaluation; Evaluation based on:

Language, style, clarity, organization of papers and work. Empirical precision: correct interpretation and reproduction of factual information. Capacity to apply theory to empirical information.

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Capacity to analyze and to develop a critical assessment of both empirical as well as theoretical materials.

Clear statements of guiding questions and subsequent conclusions.

Exam

The three-hour exam consists of two parts: a short-answer identification component, with 2-3 sentence answers, and a selection of essay questions, requiring the student to choose and write three essay answers. The combination of short and long answers is specifically designed to test the breadth and depth of the student’s knowledge.

Required Course Texts: Students are required to purchase a minimum of three of the following texts:

1. Banks, Ferdinand, E., The Political Economy of World Energy: An Introductory Textbook, New Jersey, World Scientific, 2007.

2. Kalicki, J. and David Goldwyn, Energy and Security: Toward a New Foreign Policy Strategy, Washington, Woodrow Wilson Centre Press, 2005.

3. Müller-Kraenner, S., Energy Security: Re-Measuring the World, London, Earthscan, 2008.

4. Tekin, A. and Paul A. Williams, Geo-Politics of the Euro-Asia Energy Nexus: The Euroepan Union, Russia and Turkey (New Security Challenges), Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

5. Youngs, Richard, Energy Security: Europe’s New Foreign Policy Challenge, Routledge, 2009.

Further Readings: Students are encouraged to invest in at least one of the following texts to complement the required readings. (I) European Energy Security Kalyuzhnova, Y. (eds) Energy in the Caspian Region, Palgrave, London, 2002.Leveque, Francois, Jean-Michel Glachant, Julian Barquin and Christian Von Hirschhausen, Security of Energy Supply in Europe: Natural Gas, Nuclear and Hydrogen (Loyola De Palacio Series on European Energy Policy) by, Edward Elgar, 2010.

Marquina, Antonio, Energy Security: Visions from Asia and Europe by, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Quemada, José María Marín, Carlos Velasco Murviedro, Javier García-Verdugo Sales and Gonzalo Escribano Francés, Energy Security for the EU in the 21st Century: Markets, Geopolitics and Corridors (Routledge Studies in Ecological Economics) by, Routledge, 2012 (forthcoming).

(II) Russian Energy Security Pirani, S. (ed) Russian and CIS Gas Markets and Their Impact on Europe, OIES, 2009,Smith, Keith C. Russia and European Energy Security: Divide and Dominate, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2008.

(III) Global Energy Governance

Goldthau, A. and Jan Martin Witte (ed). Global Energy Governance: The New Rules of the Game, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 2010

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Klare, M. T., Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict, New York, Henry Holt and Company, 2001. Kramer Franklin, and John Lyman, Transatlantic Cooperation for Sustainable Energy Security: A Report of the Global Dialogue between the European Union and the United States, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009.

Lesage, D. Thijs Van de Graaf and Kirsten Westphal. Global Energy Governance in a Multipolar World, Burlington: Ashgate, 2010.

Wenger, A., R. Orttung, J. Perovic, Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, Oxford University Press, USA, 2009.(IV) Energy and LawRoggenkam, M. (ed) Energy Law in Europe Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Sanam S. Haghighi, Energy Security: The External Legal Relations of the European Union with Major Oil and Gas Supplying Countries (Modern Studies in European Law) by, Hart Publishing, 2007.

(V) Energy History Yergin, D. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power, Free Press; New Edition, December, 2008.

Debeir, J-C., Deleage, J-P., and Hemery, D., In the Servitude of Power: Energy and Civilization Through the Ages, London, Zed Books, 1986.

(VI) Additional ReadingsStringer, Kevin D., “Energy Security: Applying a PortfolioApproach”, Baltic Security & Defence Review, 10: 121-142, 2008.Ciuta, Felix, “From Oil Wars to Total Security: Conceptual /Contextual notes on Energy Security”, University College London,School of Slavonic and East European Studies, 2009.

Gooch, Anthony and Harrison, Ben   (ed.), European Union;Delegation of the European Commission to the U.S.A., EUFOCUS, 1- 8, 2009.

Hadfield, A. 'Energy and Foreign Policy: EU-Russia Energy Dynamics', in Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases, Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield and Tim Dunne (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2007.

Emerson. M. 'Russia in Europe and the West', CEPS Briefing Paper, 2010. Monaghan, A.,'Russia-EU Relations: an Emerging Energy Security Dilemma'Pro et Contra, Vol. 10, Issue 2-3, 2006.

Smith, K.C., 'Russia and European Energy Security–Divide and Dominate'. Center for Strategic and International Studies, pp. 7; 9; 11; 22–23., 2008.

‘Energy Security for Europe: The EU Agenda until 2050’, Speech of Commissioner Gunther Oettinger at King’s College, London, 10 February 2011.

European Commission, ‘EU energy trends to 2030 – UPDATE 2009, DG Energy, 2009.

European Commission, Green Paper, A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy, 2006.

European Commission, Green Paper, Towards a European Strategy for the security of energy supply, DG Energy, 2001.

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Council Directive 68/414/EEC of 20 December 1968 imposing an obligation on Member States of the EEC to maintain minimum supplies.

Pollack, Mark, Helen Wallace, Alasdair Young (ed.), ‘Policy-Making in the European Union’, Chapter 3, ‘Energy Policy: Sharp Challenges and Rising Ambitions’, Oxford University Press, USA, 2010, pp. 357-378.

Javier Solana, ‘Europeans must act collectively on energy security’, Financial Times, 09/03/2006, p.17.

World Energy Outlook, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2010.

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Module Schedule: Spring 2012Week 1: (History) Historical foundations: How energy won the war but lost the peace – Reviewing key energy events from mid-20th century to 2011 Week 2: (Theory I) Realpolitik Energy: Exploring Realism, Nationalism, Sovereignty within Energy resources and practices (Waltz to Buzan and Back): Energy as security and conflictualWeek 3 (Theory II) Liberal Energy: Exploring Liberalism, Neoliberal Institutionalism, Law and Integration within Energy Resources and Practices (Keohane and Nye): Energy as collective and cooperative Week 4 (Economics) Managing the Markets: State-Led or Smithian approaches? Regulation, De-regulation, Competition and Unbundling Week 5 (Definitions and Models) 4 Models of Energy Security: Supply and Demand (Peak vs Optimists); Public and Foreign Policy; Marketplace options; Law and Governance. Week 6 (Actors): Consumers, Producers and transit states, and the uneasy public-private overlap of National energy Companies Week 7 (Terrain): ‘Mapping the Actors’ The Political Geography of Pan-European Energy Security: Old and New ‘Great Games’, Resource Nationalism and ‘Pipeline Politics’Week 8: Environment, Alternatives and Accidents: Climate Change and the Political Ecology of Energy Security: Sustainable or Indefensible? Week 9: (Case Study I) EU: Internal Market Ambitions vs. External Energy Policy (AWOL or MIA?)Week 10 (Case Study II): Russia and the Caspian HinterlandWeek 11: Africa and the Gulf of Guinea: Rise of the South? Week 12: Canada vs. the Gulf: Orthodox and Challenges

Weekly Themes and Readings

Week 1: Historical foundations: How energy won the war but lost the peace – Reviewing key energy events from mid-20th century to 2011 Weekly Seminar Questions

1. What are the key features of post war energy use?2. What prompted the energy embargo and spikes of the 1970s? What impact did this

have on developed vs. developing countries?3. What different iterations does energy security go through during the 1980s and

1990s?4. Explore gluts and droughts in oil and gas. 5. In what way is energy security a ‘multi-dimensional’ concept?

Weekly Readings:

D. Yergin ‘The Prize’

Lutz Kleveman, The New Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia, Atlantic Books, London, 2003.

Ilie, Livia. Economic Considerations Regarding the First Oil Shock, 1973 – 1974. MPRA Paper No. 6431 (December 2007).

Ross, Arthur. “OPEC’s Challenge to the West”, The Washington Quarterly, 3, no. 1 (December 1980): 50-57.

Barry Barton el al. (2004)

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Week 2: (Theory I) Realpolitik Energy: Exploring Realism, Nationalism, Sovereignty within Energy resources and practices (Waltz to Buzan and Back): Energy as security and conflictualWeekly Seminar QuestionstbcWeekly Readings Michael Klare, Blood and Oil: How America’s Thirst for Petrol is Killing Us, Penguin Books, 2005.

Yergin, Daniel. “Ensuring Energy Security”. Foreign Affairs, 85, no. 2 (March/April 2006).

Roland Dannreuther, International Security: The Contemporary Agenda, Polity, London, 2007, Chapter Five ‘The Struggle for Resources: Oil and Water’

Belkin, Paul. The European Union’s Energy Security Challenges. CRS Congress Report (Januray 2008).

Shadrina, Elena. Russia’s foreign energy policy: norms, ideas and driving dynamics. Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute (2010).

Johnston, Peter. “The Security Impact of Oil Nationalization: Alternate Futures Scenarios”, Journal of Strategic Security III, no. 4 (2010), 1-26.

Kovacovska, Lenka. Resource Nationalism as a Characteristic of the Klare’s New Energy and Foreign Policy Paradigm. Paper for the SGIR 7th Pan-European International Relations Conference in Hard Times: International Relations Responses to the Financial Crisis (September 9-11, 2010).

Baumann, Florian. Energy Security as Multidimensional Concept. Center for Applied Policy Research, CAP Policy Analysis 1 (2008)

Barysch, Katinka (ed). Pipelines, Politics and Power. The Future of EU-Russia Energy Relations. Center for European Reform (2008).

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Week 3 (Theory II) Liberal Energy: Exploring Liberalism, Neoliberal Institutionalism, Law and Integration within Energy Resources and Practices (Keohane and Nye): Energy as collective and cooperative

Bayne and Woolcock, The New Economic Diplomacy, Ashgate 2007, Second Edition, Chapter 16 ‘Cooperating on Energy Policy: The Work of the IEA’.

Lee, Julian. Regional: The Oil and Gas Sector in Transition: Challenges and the Role of the EBRD – Energy Operations Policy. Report for the Center for Global Energy Studies (May 2005).

Mitrova, Tatiana. Integration of Gas Markets and Security of Gas Supply and Demand. Report for the Energy Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences.

Verrastro, Frank, and Ladislaw, Sarah. “Providing Energy Security in an Interdependent World”, The Washington Quarterly, 30, no. 4 (2007), 95–104.

Ganova, Aglika. European Union Energy Supply Policy: Diversified in Unity? Institut Europeen des Hautes Etudes Internationales (May 2007).

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Week 4 (Economics) Managing the Markets: State-Led or Smithian approaches? Regulation, De-regulation, Competition and Unbundling Y. Kalyuzhnova (eds) Energy in the Caspian Region, Palgrave, London, 2002, Chapter Three ‘Economies and Energy’

Andreas Wenger, Robert Orttung, Jeronim Perovic, Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, Chapter Two ‘Changing Markets, Politics, and Perceptions: Dealing with Energy (Inter) Dependencies’

Fattouh, Bassam. OPEC Pricing Power. Paper for the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (2007).

Barnaházi, Borbála and Konstantin Korobchenko. EU-Russia Relations with Special Emphasis on Economic Cooperation. Center for Enlargement Studies, Central European University.

Erixon, Fredrik. Europe’s Energy Dependency and Russian commercial assertiveness. ECIPE Policy Briefs (2008).

Jensen, James T. The Development of a Global LNG Market. Is it Likely? If so, When? Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (2004).

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Week 5 (Definitions and Models) 4 Models of Energy Security: Supply and Demand (Peak vs Optimists); Public and Foreign Policy; Marketplace options; Law and Governance. Y. Kalyuzhnova (eds) Energy in the Caspian Region, Palgrave, London, 2002, Chapter Six ‘Domestic Use of Energy: Oil Refineries and Gas Processing’ and Chapter Seven ‘Convergent Economies: Implications for World Energy Use’

Simon Pirani (ed) Russian and CIS Gas Markets and Their Impact on Europe, OIES, 2009, Chapter One ‘Natural Gas in Transition: systemic reform issues’, Chapter Two ‘The Russian Gas Balance to 2015: difficult years ahead’, and Chapter Twelve ‘Towards a More Sustainable Global Energy System: Integrating Demand-side and Supply-side Policies’

Luft, Gal. Oil and the New Economic Order. Report for the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (February 2008).

Goldthau, Andreas and Jan Martin Witte (ed). Global Energy Governance: The New Rules of the Game. Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin (2010).

Lesage, Dries, Thijs Van de Graaf and Kirsten Westphal. Global Energy Governance in a Multipolar World. Burlington: Ashgate, 2010.

Keppler, Jan Horst and Christian Schuelke. Investing in the Energy Sector. An Issue of Governance. Report for the Institut Français des Relations Internationales (Ifri) (2009).

Seliverstov, Sergej. Energy Security of Russia and the EU: Current Legal Problems. Institut Français des Relations Internationales (IFRI) (2009).

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Week 6 (Actors): Consumers, Producers and transit states, and the uneasy public-private overlap of National energy Companies Andreas Wenger, Robert Orttung, Jeronim Perovic, Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, Chapter One ‘The Changing International Energy System and its Implications for Cooperation in International Politics’

Commercial Frameworks for National Oil Companies. Working Paper for the Center for Energy Economics (note: no reproduction or distribution without permission of the authors)

Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries. IEA (2007).

Skinner, Robert and Robert Arnott. The Oil Supply and Demand Context for Security of Oil Supply to the EU from the GCC Countries. Report for the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (2005).

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Week 7 (Terrain): ‘Mapping the Actors’ The Political Geography of Pan-European Energy Security: Old and New ‘Great Games’, Resource Nationalism and ‘Pipeline Politics’

Cross-Border Oil and Gas Pipelines: Problems and Prospects. Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) (2003).

Stevens, Paul. Transit Trouble. Pipelines as a Source of Conflict. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2009

Bremmer, Ian and Johnston, Robert 'The Rise and Fall of Resource Nationalism', Survival, 51, no. 2 (2009), 149 – 158.

Luong, Pauline J. Beyond ‘Resource Nationalism’: Implications in State Ownership in Kazakhstan’s Petroleum Sector. Ponars Eurasia Policy Memo no. 98 (April 2010).

Maniruzzaman, A. F. M. The Issue of Resource Nationalism: Risk Engineering and Dispute Management in the Oil and Gas Industry. Paper for the Amsterdam Conference on Global Contract Risk Management for the Oil and Gas Industry (April 2009).

Mares, David R. Resource Nationalism and Energy Security in Latin America: Implications for Global Oil Supplies. Working Paper for the Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University (January 2010).

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Week 8 : Environment, Alternatives and Accidents: Climate Change and the Political Ecology of Energy Security: Sustainable or Indefensible? Andreas Wenger, Robert Orttung, Jeronim Perovic, Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, Chapter Three ‘Changing Energy Use Patterns: Increasing Efficiency, Adopting Alternative Sources’

Sussman, Edna. “The Energy Charter Treaty’s Investor Protection Provisions: Potential to Foster Solutions to Global Warming and Promote Sustainable Development”, ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 14, no. 2 (2007).

Khalid, Kisswani. OPEC and Political Considerations when Deciding on Oil Extraction. MPRA Paper No. 27030 (December 2010).

Further readings: t.b.c.

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Week 9: (Case Study I) EU: Internal Market Ambitions vs. External Energy Policy Simon Pirani (ed) Russian and CIS Gas Markets and Their Impact on Europe, OIES, 2009, Chapter 12 ‘Russia, the CIS and Europe: gas trade and transit’.

Coskun, Bezen B. The EU's Quest for Energy Security and Persian Gulf, paper for the Fourth Pan-European Conference on EU Politics (September 2008).

Bamberger, Craig, Jan Linehan and Thomas Waelde. “The Energy Charter Treaty in 2000: In a New Phase”, in Energy Law in Europe, edited by Martha M Roggenkam, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2000).

Coop, Graham. “Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union: Is Conflict Inevitable?”, Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law (August 2009).

Baran, Zeyno. “EU Energy Security: Time to End the Russian Leverage”, The Washington Quarterly, 30, no. 4 (2007), 131-144.

EU-Russia Energy Relations, The EU-Russia Center Review, 9 (June 2009).

Grant, Charles and Katynka Barysh. The EU-Russia Energy Dialogue. Center for European Reform Briefing Note (2003).

Deitz, Laura, Lindsay Stirton and Kathryn Wright. The Energy Community of South East Europe: Challenges of, and Obstacles to, Europeanization. Working Paper for the Center for Competition Policy (2007).

Renner, Stephan. The Energy Community of Southeast Europe: A neofunctionalist project of regional integration. European Integration Online Papers (February 2009).

Barysch, Katinka. Turkey’s role in European Energy Security. Essay for the Center for European Reform (2007).

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Week 10 (Case Study II): Russia and the Caspian HinterlandKovacevic, Aleksandar. The Impact of the Russia – Ukraine Gas Crisis in South Eastern Europe, Report for the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (March 2009).

Stern, Jonathan. The Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis of January 2006. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (2006).

Yenikeyeff, Shamil M. The G8 and Russia: Security of Supply vs. Security of Demand? Oxford Energy Comment (August 2006)

Khasson, Viktorija. Discourses and Interests in EU-Russia Energy Relations. Chair InBev – Baillet Latour Working Papers No. 35

Milov, Vladimir. “Russia – EU Energy Dialogue: Filling a Vacuum”, Russia in Global Affairs, 4 (2007).

Yenikeyeff, Shamil M. The Georgia – Russia standoff and the future of Caspian and Central Asian energy supplies. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Energy Comment (August 2008).

Campaner, Nadia and Shamil Yenikeyeff. The Kashagan Field. A Test Case for Kazakhstan’s Governance of its Oil and Gas Sector.Report for the Institut Français des Relations Internationales (Ifri) (2008).

Belyi, Andrei V. “A Russian Perspective on the Energy Charter Treaty”, ARI, 98 (2009).

Belarus as a Gas Transit Contry. By the German Economic Team in Belarus, Research Center of the Institute for Privatization and Management (March 2004).

Billmeier, Andreas, Jonathan Dunn and Bart van Selm. In the Pipeline: Georgia’s Oil and Gas Transit Revenues. IMF working paper 209 (2004).

Chaffin, J. (2011a) 'EU to Break Out Energy Dependence on Russia'. Financial Times. Chaffin, J (2011b) 'Pledge Boosts European Pipeline Plans' Financial Times. FT Reporters. (2009) 'Ukraine Gas Row leads to European Shortage'. Financial Times. Kovačovska, L. (2007) 'European Union’s Energy (In)security - ; Dependence on Russia'. defenceandstrategy.eu. Neuger, J.G. (2008) 'EU, Dependent on Russian Energy, Balks at Georgia War Sanctions'. Bloomberg website. Noël, Pierre (2008) 'Beyond dependence: How to deal with Russian gas'.European Council on Foreign Relations. p. 2.

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Week 11: Gulf of Guinea: Rise of the South? Andreas Wenger, Robert Orttung, Jeronim Perovic, Energy and the Transformation of International Relations: Toward a New Producer-Consumer Framework, Chapter Six ‘Africa in the Context of Oil Supply Geopolitics’

Budina, Nina and Sweder van Wijnbergen. Managing Oil Revenue Volatility in Nigeria: The Role of Fiscal Policy.

Nwokeji, G. Ugo. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation and the Development of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry. History, Strategies and Current Directions. James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University (2007).

Omofonwan Samson I and Odia Lucky O. “Oil Exploitation and Conflict in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria”, J Hum Ecol, 26(1 ) (2009): 25-30.

Ross, Michael L. Nigeria’s Oil Sector and the Poor. Prepared for the UK Department for International Development “Nigeria: Drivers of Change” program (2003).

Shaad, Brian and Emma Wilson. Access to Sustainable Energy: What Role for International Oil and Gas Companies? Focus on Nigeria. Report for the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) (2009).

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Week 12: Canada vs. the Gulf: Orthodox and ChallengesWalde, Thomas W. Investment Arbitration Under the Energy Charter Treaty. From Dispute Settlement to Treaty Implementation. Conference on Energy – Arbitration, Gulf Arbitration Center (1998).

Further readings: t.b.c.

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