CHAPTERS 9, 10, AND 11

(ALL 600 CE – 1450 CE)

CHAPTER 9: CHINA TANG AND SONG DYNASTY

First of all, don’t 4GET that EVERY Chinese dynasty will have:1. Confucianism2. The Mandate of Heaven and Emperors3. Nomads attacking, Chinese Princesses Selling ,and the

Great Wall.4. Patriarchy and terrible treatment of women5. Lots and lots of ……Peasants6. They all use the Silk Road7. A little Buddhism later on8. They ALL try to invade Korea, Vietnam and Japan

AFTER THE HAN DYANSTY COLLPASES (TOO BIG AND TOO EXPENSIVE) COME THE NEXT 2 DYNASTIES:

1. THE TANG DYNASTY (620-905)2. THE SONG DYNASTY (950-1280)

TANG AND SONG INVENTIONSA. First of all, the Tang Dynasty (no, not the drink), invent GUNPOWDER.

And then they also invent Chinese firecrackers. And what would the 4th of July be without some poor kids getting their hand blown off with an M-80?!

- The Chinese DID NOT invent guns, however, just gunpowder. It will be the Europeans who first invent guns. That’s why Europe will eventually take over most of the world(North America, South America, Christopher Columbus etc.)

B. They also invent the MAGNTEIC COMPASS, which lets sailors and travelers know which way is North. The compass I have points to the nearest Starbucks.

Fun fact: Whenever a dog is urinating, it turns around to face North. Freshmen do too!

PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT CHINESE INVENTIONS IS……SILKSilk is one of the most luxurious items out there. It is really soft, really shiny

and it keeps you warm in winter. The problem was that no one knew how China made it. They didn’t know if it grew on trees, grew in the ground or what? As a result, EVERY rich person in France, Spain and Italy wanted it. Because of silk, China became the ‘center of the universe’, which was just fine with them. In fact, their nickname was “The Middle Kingdom”!

Well, it turns out that silk actually comes from silk worms. The worms create little cocoons out of silk, go to sleep (hibernation) and come out freshmen, I mean moths. It takes THOUSANDS of little silk worms to make one jacket, one dress, or one scarf out of silk. If a European was caught trying to steal a single silkworm, the Chinese would kill them and cut off their heads! I heard one of you stole a test the other day

OTHER TANG AND SONG INVENTIONSC. The number ‘zero’(like in Pinnacle)D. Negative Numbers (how many of you have a negative GPA?!)E. Toilet paper (yay!!!!). But what did people use before toilet paper?????F. Paper money (Should we go back to the $1.00 coin?)G. Printing blocks made of wood

PRINTING BLOCKS MADE OF WOOD This one is VERY IMPORTANT .It used to be that a person would have to make hundreds of copies of books

by hand. In fact, entire monasteries were devoted ONLY to making copies of the Bible. The Chinese changed all that.

They invented this system of writing Chinese characters on blocks made of wood and then pouring ink all over them. Then they could move them around and make copies of everything. You could make hundreds of books, letters, poems, military instructions, homework etc.

**Eventually the Europeans will invent the faster and better AUTOMATIC PRINTING PRESS and use it to make thousands of…..Bibles. Another reason why Europe will take over soon and we will get pizza and pasta and French fries.

The Tang created State-sponsored commercial infrastructures like the Grand Canal in China.

H. The famous GRAND CANAL which linked china’s 2 biggest rivers; the yellow river and the Yangste river. (huge engineering accomplishment)

- It was both state-sponsored and a commercial (economic) piece of infrastructure cuz they needed it for movement and trade ($$) [5 AP THEMES]

F. 30,000 miles of canals linking all of china’s rivers. (This is also a major engineering accomplishment)

THE TREATMENT OF WOMEN……………………………….The Song Dynasty will start the VERY AWFUL FOOTBINDING OF WOMEN

- Chinese girls will have their toes and heel tied together with very strong string. This will keep the bones from growing properly.

- For their entire lives Chinese girls will have very small deformed feet with their toes bent completely backwards. This is known as FOOTBINDING

This is what guys wanted and you would never get a rich Government employee unless you had small, broken feet.

On the other hand, if you were a peasant girl, you needed your feet and so they wouldn’t be broken. In this sense, peasants girls had it better off than rich girls. The Chinese didn’t really stop this until 100 years ago. Remember, China and Confucianism both treat women really badly.

Many families would even kill baby girls. This is known as female infanticide and it happens even today with China’s One-Child Policy. The families want boys, so if they had a girl they would kill her, drown her, or sell her off. Stil happens today in the year 2015~~~~

RELIGION (CULTURAL SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC): THE TANG SAW BUDDISHM AS A THREAT TO CONFUCIANISM. WHY?

BUDDHISM ALLOWED WOMEN TO BE FREE (THIS THE CHINESE DID NOT LIKE!)

BUDDHISM TAUGHT THAT WE SHOULD CELEBRATE THE BIRTH OF GIRLS AS MUCH AS BOYS (WHAT!)

THE TANG HATED BUDDHIST MONASTERIES; THEY PAID NO TAXES MONKS AND NUNS WOULDN’T MARRY DUDES OR BREAK THEIR

FEET AND MAKE THEM UGLY.

EVENTUALLY THE TANG EMPIRE WOULD BURN DOWN 2500 BUDDHIST TEMPLES AND KILL 20,000 MONKS!!!!!! THIS IS ONE OF THE

WORST RELIGIOUS DISASTERS IN HUMAN HISTORY AND ENDS THE

“GOLDEN AGE” OF BUDDHISM IN CHINA. IT STILL SPREADS TO JAPAN, KOREA, VIETNA, THAILAND, LAOS, CAMOBODIA, BURMA AND THE

REST OF ASIA.

RELIGION PART 2:The Song Dynasty also started NEO-

CONFUCIANISM: the blending of Buddhism andConfucianism. Today, China and most of Asia have a lot of Buddhism

AND a lot of Confucianism. This is NEO-CONFUCIANISM!!!

THE MILITARY- The Tang and Song Dynasties invade Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Actually,

Japan, Korea and Vietnam HATE China even today.- When they took over, China made all 3 countries pay tribute to China and

bow down to the Emperor.- This “bowing down to the Emperor” is known as the KOWTOW

(pronounced Cow-tao). And if you wanted to trade with China, or not get killed, you better bow down. From now on any time one of you has a question for me, you will KOWTOW first.

Japan gets Buddhism, but it does not replace Shintoism (the worship of rivers, rocks and trees)

FUN FACT:THE CHINESE LOVED VIETNAM CUZ THEY HAD THIS REALLY FAST GROWING RICE CALLED CHAMPA RICE! I LIKE SHRIMP FRIED RICE MYSELF

THE END OF THE TANG AND THE SONG DYNASTIES EMPIRE (FOR THE SAME REASONS THAT ALL BIG EMPIRES FALL)

TOO BIG!!!!!TOO EXPENSIVE!!!!

TOO HARD TO CONTROL ALSO, TOO MANY PEOPLE (OVERPOPULATION) TOO MUCH POVERTY(TOO MANY PEASANTS)

AND TOO MUCH FAMINE (NOT ENOUGH TO EAT. ALSO, LIKE ALL LARGE EMPIRES THEY RUNIDE THE LAND WITH

OVERGRAZING, DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION)

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS:1.What are the Tang and the Song inventions in order of importance:

2.Explain ‘female foot binding’:

3.Explain ‘neo-Confucianism’:

4.How did the Song Dynasty treat Buddhism in general?

5.Explain the Chinese relationship with Japan, Korea and Vietnam:

6.Why did the Tang Empire end and what does this say about all large empires?

7.Define ‘shintoism’:

8.Define ‘champa rice’:

9.What’s the ‘KOWTOW’?

10. Why will Europe become stronger than China?

11. What’s the Chinese Civil Service Exam again?

12. Why did China have such a PROBLEM with Buddhism

CHAPTER 10:GHENGIS KAHN AND THE MONGOLS

NINE THINGS YOU HAVE TO KNOW ABOUT THE MONGOLS

1. The Mongols were pastoralists, or nomads, from Central Asia (just like the Huns). Central Asia is a really inhospitable place. The land was harsh and you couldn’t really grow any fruits or vegetables; It’s really just a collection of grasslands. A nomad measured his wealth by the number of animals he has; goats, camels, horses, high school students etc. There was no industry and no farming. That’s why they would constantly attack places like China; because they didn’t have their own stuff. They would also attack traders on the Silk Road and steal their things. That’s why the Chinese built the Great Wall in the first place.

2. At the same time, however, the Mongols were fierce horse warriors. The children would be brought up on horseback and know how to ride a horse before they could walk. They also learned how to shoot a bow and arrow from a horse, which is very difficult to do. Even in Mongolia today, horseback archery is a very big deal. In fact, they even invented a long bow which could shoot an arrow 1500 feet. That’s ¼ mile for you math nerds.

3. The Mongols also invented the battering ram and improved upon the catapult that the Roman Empire invented.

- That’s why the Chinese Dynasties would either pay them off or sell them Chinese Princesses. It was easier than having to fight them.

4. And when the Mongols conquered you they either A) Put you to work B) threw you in the army or C) Enslaved you

If you ran away, they killed your whole unit….If one kid cheats, I fail the WHOLE class

Crazy Fact: Their leader Genghis Khan raped so many women in Asia that it is said that 7% of all boys in China have Genghis Khan’s DNA!

The Mongol Empire was HUGE!!!!!!!

• They took over the Middle East• They took over Russia• They took over Northern India (Which Alexander COULD NOT!)• They finally took over China!• They basically controlled everything from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern

Europe.

RussiaThe Mongols were BRUTAL in Russia destroying everyone and everything

around them. This is when Moscow becomes the capital of Russia. Russia’s kings also take the word ‘czar’ from Ceasar

The Middle East• The Mongols become Muslim• Still, they basically let conquered peoples practice any religion they

wanted.• Why? Cuz if you want to control a large empire, you better give them

SOME RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.

ACTUALLY, MUSLIMS HAD A BEEF WITH THE MONGOLS:- MONGOLS ATE PORK WHICH ISLAM FORBIDS

- THEY KILLED ANIMALS WITHOUT SLICING THEIR NECKS FIRST - THE MONGOLS WERE ALL ALCOHOLICS AND ISLAM FORBIDS

ALCOHOL

India- They wanted India because of all the spices and the jewels.- Remember, Southern India is too hard to take because of all the jungles

and malaria.

- They conquer Northern India, however, and now that they are Muslim they make all of Northern India Muslim, while the South stays Hindu.

- Muslims and Hindus in India DO NOT get along.

China- China was the only country the Mongols didn’t completely destroy. They

left China alone because they needed all their animals and all their rice.- In fact, the Mongols turned the famous Forbidden Kingdom, where the

Emperor used to live, into kind of a farm where their animals would graze, poop and run around.

- This is actually the year Beijing becomes the capital. It used to be Chang’An because that’s where the Silk Road ended. Chang’an is called Xi’an (pronounced shee-ahn)

- The Mongols renamed China the Yuan Dynasty and ruled it for 100 years.

The Mongols also wanted to learn from China. In fact, they wanted to learn from all their conquered lands. The Mongols brought so many cultures together that they are known as the Great Connectors!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

THE GREAT CONNECTORS: TRADE, TRADE, TRADE!!!!1. They brought Chinese gunpowder from China all the way to Europe and

everywhere in between (India, Russia, the Middle East)2. Remember how into astronomy the Islamic Caliphates were? Well, the

Mongols brought observatories and masters of Astronomy all the way from the Middle East into China.

Fun Fact: When I was a Freshmen at Boston University I wanted to major in Astronomy, but the Assistant professor told me the homework was math problems that were 8 or 9 hours long so……….

3. They also brought all of the medical practices that the Muslims invented into China (Cat guts, the toothbrush, trigonometry)

4. And most importantly, the Mongols brought coffee grown in India and the Middle East and brought it all over the world, even to the Starbucks on the corner of Broward and University where I go.

AP EXPLANATION OF HOW MUCH THE MONGOLS TRADED:1. Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the dffusion ofliterary, artistic, and cultural traditions.2. Increased cross-cultural interactions also resulted in the diffusion of

scientific and technological traditions.3. Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of new

weapons and modes of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations.

MAKE SURE YOU CAN READ THESE. THEY BASICALLY SAY THE MONGOLS SPREAD: 1)Scientific and technological traditions

2) new weapons and modes of transportation3) diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions.(diffusion means ‘spread of’)

BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT THING THE MONGOLS CARRIED WAS…………… THE PLAGUE

The plague is a virus that is carried by fleas on rats and middle school students. It causes boils, gangrene, seizures, and eventually death. It is especially deadly because it is carried through the air. One can catch just by being in the same room as one who is infected. (THIS MEANS IT IS AIRBORNE and can be spread by sneezing, coughing or going on Facebook)

The Plague kind started in China while the Mongols were in charge. It killed, 35 million Chinese people. The Mongols connected everything SO MUCH that they brought the plague into Europe and there it killed another 25 million (that’s 1/3 of the total population of Europe!)

In those days rats and fleas were everywhere but humans did not know about the existence of microorganisms like bacteria or viruses. They didn’t know about germs. So everyone tried healing people with the plague, praying with them, feeding them, sleeping next to them etc.

All the while they kept spreading it. Eventually people figured it out and would burn all the dead bodies.

Go online and look at photographs of people with the plague. They’re disgusting and i know freshmen like that.

Don’t 4GET that ‘DISEASE’ is under Environment and the Plague can be

social, religious, economic etc. See how below:

CONSEQUENCES OF THE PLAGUE:1. The Catholic Church loses some power because people eventually realized

that the priests couldn’t help you.2. So many people died that those left could make more money (Supply and

Demand)3. Women got a little bit more freedom too because everyone needed

workers.4. As a result, there were actually a lot of social, economic and political

improvements.

Fun fact: the Mongols would even catapult dead bodies that had the plague into your village so that everyone would catch it. This was the world’s first example of BIOLOGICAL WARFARE

P.S. the plague still exists but we have a cure. You better get the medicine in the first 12 hours of infection though. Otherwise, it’s deadly.

MARCO POLOI say Marco and you say…….No! We’re NOT in a pool!

Marco Polo was the first guy to ever take the Silk Road all the way from Europe to China. Before him it was just traders on the Silk Road that would hand stuff off to the next guy.

Marco Polo (1250-1350) was the first INTERREGIONAL TRAVELER to actually illustrate and write about INTERCULTURAL knowledge and understanding.

You see, he knew that the Mongols were responsible for spreading many things: Scientific and technological traditions, Literary, artistic and cultural traditions, the Plague

So he wrote a book about all of it called The Travels.

THE SILK ROAD (Who used it?)- The Roman Empire traded with the Han- After the Roman Empire collapsed, the Byzantine Empire traded with the

Tang/Song- The Mongols traded with everyone on the Silk Road

- Muslims traded with Europe after the Crusades- Muslims traded with the Byzantine Empire after the Crusades- Muslims traded with the Mongols

So China will trade with everybody.Muslims will trade with everybodyEurope will trade with everybody

The Mongols will trade with everybody

** Remember, the Great Wall of China was built because dirty nomads were attacking the Silk Road. China would either fight them, wall them in, or sell them Freshmen princesses (You know who you are!)

BUT WHAT DID THEY TRADE1.Silk (Duh!!!!!) (Remember: no one knew how silk was made. They thought

it grew in the ground or came down from fairies. If you got caught leaving China with a silk worm…off with your head!)

2.The Plague (fleas on rats)3.Buddhism (from India to China/ from China to Japan/from Japan to

Southeast Asia)- By monks and businessmen, merchants and missionaries.4.Christianity (from Europe into Eurasia, and sometimes to China, and

sometimes to Japan…..)- By monks and businessmen, merchants and missionaries.

5. Islam will spread into Eurasia- By missionaries and businessmen- But Islam will spread with armies as well!!

(Coffee/Astronomy/Math/Books on Philosophy etc.)

Don’t 4GET that on ANY ESSAY about these empires, and on ANY

ESSAY about TRADE, the Silk Road is key!

And if you remember correctly, the Islamic Empires used the Sahara Desert to trade “SALT FOR GOLD”. That involved the Middle East and Islam, North Africa, West Africa with Ghana and Mali, and even India with all their jewels and tigers and princesses. So now with the Sahara Desert and the Silk Road you have 2 MAJOR TRADE NETWORKS TO WRITE ABOUT.

Don’t 4get that TRADE falls under ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, and SOCIAL SYSTEMS in the 5 THEMES OF AP!!!!!!!!!!!

THE MING DYNASTYIN 1368 THE MONGOLS IN CHINA WERE DEFEATED AND CHINA

BROUGHT BACK THE MING DYNASTY (1368-1500)

1. First of all, the Ming had the most expensive vases in the world. They are called……………..MING VASES. The most expensive once, since it’s 750 years old, just sold for $36,000,000!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2. They wanted to bring the OLD China back; Confucianism, the Emperor, et. They kicked the nomads and their dirty animals out and started rebuilding.

3. But they had a problem. The Mongols were still running around the Silk Road like a bunch of crazy people. The Chinese had to find a new way to do business. They set out on…..THE INDIAN OCEAN.

4. They sent a dude named Zheng He (pronounced JUNG_HA) all over the Indian Ocean lookin for dudes to trade with.

5. He went to India, the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, East Africa, back to the Middle East, back to India etc.

6. His most famous ship was called the junk!

- It had square sails as opposed to the triangular sails of Europe cuz triangular sails are better to catch the Monsoon Winds of the Indian Ocean as opposed to the winds of the Mediterranean in Europe.

- He had 27,000 sailors and 300 ships.

The funny thing is that he and china had absolutely no desire to conquer any lands around the Indian Ocean. Not India, not the Middle East, not Africa. Nowhere!

All they wanted to do was get trading partners for China and make their leaders come down to Beijing and bow down to Shtrakhman.

China had an opportunity to ‘conquer the world’! And they didn’t. Europe wasn’t strong yet, the world (especially the Indian Ocean) was China’s for the taking. But I guess all they wanted was money and fame, just like Justin Bieber.

And so, just like Justin Bieber, china disappeared into the backseat of life. The biggest navy in the world just……stopped, like we all wish Justin Bieber would.

CHAPTER 11 ASSIGNMENTS

1.Why is the fact that Mongols were pastoralists important?_______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

2.Why did they win their battles?

3. List each areas the Mongols took over and 3 characteristics from each:AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3

4.Explain the following statement: “the Mongols were called the world’s Great Connectors”:

List EVERYTHING that the Mongols spread in order of significance:B. c. d. e. f.

5. Explain the various characteristics of THE PLAGUE:

6. Who is Marco Polo and why is he important?

7. What’s so important about the MING DYNASTY?

8. Who is Zheng He and why is he even important?

9. What is meant by the statement “CHINA HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO ‘CONQUER THE WORLD’! AND THEY DIDN’T”.

10. Explain hoe each TRADE NETWORK is important: A. The Silk Road:

B. The Sahara Desert

ASIAN CAPITALS I messed them up. Fix them and then memorize them.

(Test soon)

1. CHINA- TOKYO2. JAPAN- BEIJING

3. SOUTH KOREA- PYONGYAN4. NORTH KOREA-SEOUL

5. THE PHILIPINNES-BANGKOK6. MONGOLIA- MANILLA

7. THAILAND-ULAN BATOR8. VIETNAM- PHON PEND9. CAMBODIA- VIENTIANE

10. LAOS-HANOI

CHAPTER 11: THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

QUICK REVIEW: ROMAN EMPERORS

JULIUS CEASARTook over Rome and brought Rome from a Republic to an Empire. It was the

year ‘0’ (Zero)

(Remember: On AP Essays, you will ONLY be asked about ONE of these periods, NOT BOTH!) Roman Republic: 500 BCE- 0/ Roman Empire: 0-476 CE

- He disbanded the Senate and took all power onto himself. He became so powerful that one of his own friends, a guy named Brutus, actually killed him, stabbing him to death, When he was being stabbed he famously said in Latin “Et Tu Brute!” It means “Even you, my good friend Brutus!”

CONSTANTINE (THE LAST DUDE)1. Constantine made the ENTIRE Roman Empire Christian 2. He saw all of the problems that the HUGE Roman Empire was having (It

was too big and too hard to defend), and he decided to split it up in 2.- The west side would be called Western Europe while the east side

would be called the Byzantine Empire- Basically the Byzantine Empire would have Greece, Egypt, the area

known as Turkey, and a little bit of the Middle East. (SEE MAP ABOVE)

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE It’s capital became ‘Constantinople’ named after….Constantine. I guess

Shtrakhmanovich was taken. Constantinople was a lot easier to defend. **Remember, Rome was

being attacked by the Germans, the Vikings, AND the Huns.

It also had a lot more gold, was less spread out, and was thus, EASIER to defend against attack. Western Europe was a lot closer to the Germans AND the Vikings, who come from Northern Europe and countries like Norway, Sweden and Finland.

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE LOOKS A LOT LIKE ROME AS WELL They also had a lot of roads to transport troops and stuff.

They also taxed both their subjects AND any conquered peoples. And just like every other empire, they would throw people from

conquered territories into their army. They also did business with China along the Silk Road just like Rome (what

does China have they we all want? Silk, porcelain, acupuncture, ramen noodles!!!)

THEY ALSO HAD EMPERORS WHO LOVEDDDDDD TO CONQUER!: EMPEROR JUSTINIAN

Starting in 550 JUSTINIAN tries to take:Italy back from ze Germans (nope)

North Africa back from Ze Germans (nope)Ze Middle East from the Muslims (nope)

Spain (nope)He can’t do it.

Oh well! The Byzantines live on!

THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE IS RELIGION

VS. Most of Europe was Catholic. The Pope was head of the Catholic Church and the most powerful man in Europe. He lived in Vatican

City in Rome.

The Byzantine Empire, however, was Eastern Orthodox Christian. This is what their cross looks like. It’s on my grandmother’s

grave in Russia.

OTHER DIFFERENCES BEWTEEN CATHOLICISM AND EASTERN ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY

In the Catholic Church women cannot be priests or bishops. This is because Jesus only had male Apostles.

In Orthodox Christianity women CAN be priests and can even get married. Neither Churches allow gay marriage but opinions are constantly changing.

The Catholic Church has a Pope who lives in the Vatican. The Eastern Orthodox Church has the Patriarch of Greece and the

Patriarch of Moscow.

They also speak Greek while in the Vatican they speak Latin.

WESTERN EUROPE SUCKS…The Vikings and the Germans really messed up Europe after the fall of the

Roman Empire in the year 476 CE

First of all, they destroyed all the big cities and left villages in their place.

**The Italians like to drink wine, the Germans like to drink beer. The Italians like to eat chicken, the Vikings and Germans like to eat sausages. I like to eat tofu!

Rome used to have 1,000,000 people. After the Germans and the Vikings moved in, Rome only had 10,000 people. Remember, Europe lost 25% of its population to disease, war and the plague

**The Vikings have a dish called ‘haggis’ which is the sheep’s lungs, heart and spleen cooked in the sheep’s own stomach. Yum! I eat it only with mustard.

Feudalism in the middle agesThe king is on top! (Shtrakhman)

Lords (Seniors)Controlled large estates called Manors that are self sufficient and

separate from the other lands. They also had a lot of SERFS (everybody else)

SERFDOMRegular dudes and dudettes who lived on the land who could be

bought or sold with the land.

Kind of like slavery but they could not be beaten and could live with their families. In exchange they got protection from the lord. This is

called SERFDOM.

EUROPE STARTED TO SUCK .CITIES REALLY STARTED TO SUCK.

Multiple factors contributed to the declines of urban areas in this period.

Required examples of these factors : 1. Invasions-obviously (ZE GERMANS,THE HUNS, CENTRAL

ASIAN NOMADS, MUSLIM ARMIES ETC.)

2. Disease- yup, that too! THE PLAGUE!!!!!!!!!!

3. The decline of agricultural productivity-cuz everyone was running from ze Germans and ze Huns!!

4. Many people don’t know this but Europe went through a ‘ mini-Ice Age ’ and a mini-warming period during the Middle

Ages.

The Little Ice Age First, there was a warming period from 800-1200 (yay!) Then, from about 1350-1850 it really cooled down-(No!) This could have been due to changes in solar radiation or ocean currents. With the Industrial Revolution in 1850, temperatures started climbing and

haven’t stopped since.

Info on Global WarmingTemperatures have gone up about 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit in the last 100

years and sea levels have risen about 8 inchesIf we do not stop Global Warming (and I do not think we will), temperatures

will go up anywhere from 4-10 degrees by 2100. That’s a disaster. In addition, sea levels could rise by about 3 feet. That’s bad! But hey, I’ll be dead and you’ll be grandparents. Good luck!!!

But then Western Europe makes a comeback!!! (AP NOTES)

The fate of cities varied greatly, some made a rebound, some continued to suck. Some had periods of significant decline, and some had periods of increased urbanization buoyed (HELPED) by rising productivity and expanding trade networks.

This means that a lot of people stated moving to cities (urban-ization) because production went up on farms and trade networks improved

Multiple factors contributed to urban revival.Required examples of these factors : 1. The end of invasions (YAY!) Crazy invasions ended! Europe started to heal

again and the world went on. Ze Germans went back to Germany and the Mongols were gone from China

2. The availability of safe and reliable transport (Who takes the Plantation Trolley!)

3. Increased agricultural productivity and subsequent rising Population- (Obviously the more food you can produce the greater the population.)

4. Greater availability of labor also contributed to urban growth. This means that a lot of people moved to cities because everyone needed a job.

FUN FACT: Do you know what percentage of people in the world live in BIG CITIES? About half: 3,500,000,000 people

Required examples of forms of labor organization : 1. Various forms of coerced and unfree labor: Peasants who have to work

for free (China, India, and my 1st hour) Don’t forget who had to build the Great Wall of China.

2. Free Peasant Agriculture: In some countries you either had to work government land for free or pay some of your food as a tax. This is known as a Government-imposed labor tax

3. Military obligations And in almost every country you either had to fight for free or were drafted. Plus, if you lived in a conquered area, sometimes the only way to get citizenship was to join the Army.

4. Guilds and Craft production: Group of workers like blacksmiths or potters, or craftsmen like shoe makers. Also, the lollipop guild from ‘Wizard of Oz’

AP STUDENTS: Don’t 4get that on ANY AP ESSAY, whether POLITICAL, SOCIAL, OR ECONOMIC, you can write about slavery and the poor: how every country basically FORCED either slaves or peasants to work, FORCED them to pay taxes, and FORCED them to FIGHT in their armies for free!

CHAPTER 12 ASSIGNMENT

A. Review Question: What is the difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?

B. Review Question #2: What is the difference between Greek ‘Direct Democracy’ and the Republic of Rome?

1. Why was Constantine so important?

2. List 2 similarities and 2 differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church:

A) B) A) B)

3.Was Emperor Justinian an Emperor in the traditional sense or not? Please provide proof of your answer.

4. How did Germany and the Vikings change Western Europe?

5. Explain what ‘FEUDALISM’ is and what ‘SERFDOM’ is:

6. How is my class really a feudal enterprise?

7. List 3 reasons why Europe started to suck:

8. List 3 reasons why Europe made a comeback:

9. What was ‘The Little Ice Age’?

10. What was the “Medieval Warming Period”?

11. List 3 forms of ‘LABOR ORGANIZATIONS’:

LAST PART: ASSIGNMENT #2:READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION ON THE

CRUSADESTHE CRUSADESJerusalem, the capital of Israel, is considered one of the holiest places on Earth. It is

revered by Jews, Christians and Muslims and, unfortunately, they have been fighting for it for 1000 years.

Holy Religious Sites of JerusalemJudaism- The Temple Mount and the Western Wall

Christianity- The Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Also near Bethlehem and Nazareth

Islam- The Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque.

THE YEAR 1000

By the year 1000 the armies of Islam controlled Israel and Jerusalem. This is because they essentially controlled all of the Middle East after Muhammad died.

At the same time, however, Western Europe was fiercely Catholic and the Byzantine Empire was Eastern Orthodox Christian.

The Muslims may have controlled Jerusalem, but the Catholics and Christians WANTED IT BACK! Their attempts to take back Jerusalem by force are known as THE CRUSADES.

THE CRUSADES: First Crusade 1095–1099: The Christians take Jerusalem and slaughter the Jews and the Muslims living there (HOW VERY CHRISTIAN OF THEM)

Second Crusade 1147–1149Now that they have Jerusalem, the Christians take Spain back from the

Muslims. But only part.

The rest of the Muslim armies would not be kicked out until King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella come around. Then, in 1491, one year before Christopher Columbus ‘discovers’ America, the King and Queen KICK EVER SINGLE JEW OUT OF SPAIN. This is known as the SPANISH INQUISITION.

Jews had 3 choices; Convert to Catholicism

Leave SpainGet killed

(HOW VERY CHRISTIAN OF THEM)

Third Crusade 1187–1192The Islamic commander Saladin unifies the Muslims and retakes Jerusalem,

but he famously lets Christians and Jews practice freely.(HOW VERY CHRISTIAN OF HIM)

He strikes a deal with the King of Jerusalem who had Leprosy and wore a silver mask all the time. Leprosy can cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes. Secondary infections, in turn, can result in tissue loss causing fingers and toes to become shortened and deformed

Fourth Crusade 1202–1204The Crusaders can’t take Jerusalem so they destroy Constantinople of the

Byzantine Empire instead. Even though Constantinople is COMPLETELY CHRISTIAN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Remember, Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity have many differences. Still, they’re all supposed to be Christian. The Catholics of Europe attack the Eastern orthodox Christians of Constantinople. (HOW VERY CHRISTIAN OF THEM)

CONSEQUENCES OF THE CRUSADES

** Remember how even the PLAGUE had POSITIVE consequences? Well, so did the Crusades. I mean, AFTER thousands of Jews, Christians and Muslims were killed.

ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CONSQUENCES OF THE CRUSADES, EVEN THOUGH THE MUSLIMS WON…………………………………………………………..

1. IS THAT EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST STARTED DOING BUISNESS AGAIN:

2. THIS IS HOW THEY GOT THE TRANSLATIONS OF ARISTOTLE AND ALL THOSE OTHER GREEK TEXTS.

3. PEOPLE LIKE COPERNICUS AND GALILEO READ ARABIC BOOKS ON ASTRONOMY TO HELP THEM FIGURE OUT THAT THE EARTH IS NOT AT

THE CENTER OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

4. STARBUCKS OPENS UP IN EVERY SINGLE EUROPEAN CITY AND MR. SHTRAKHMAN IS QUITE PLEASED.

5. AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, EUROPE WILL GET GUNPOWDER FROM CHINA AND WILL FINALLY INVENT……THE GUN!!!!!!!!

ASSIGNMENT: CRUSADES QUESTIONS1. Why go on the Crusades in the 1st place?

2. During which Crusade did the Muslims finally win?

3. Which crusade will soon allow Spain to be one of the most powerful countries on Earth?

4. Which REGIONS of the world did the Crusades involve? Hint: I’ll give you one: Europe

List the 3 most important consequences of the Crusades in order of importance: A) B) C)

THINKING QUESTION: Why do you think so many people fight about religion?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LET’S MOVE ON TO CHAPTERS 12-13:

THE AZTEC, INCA AND THE CONQUISTADORS!

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