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I hope you have a great summer! Here is your AP Biology assignment for next year’s class.

AP Biology is a difficult, college level, comprehensive survey class, and since the field of biology is so large we won’t have time in class to cover everything the AP College Board wants us to cover. Each of you must complete this assignment before returning to school in August but you will get extra credit and start the class out right if you complete it and email it to me by the dates below, otherwise, in order to get complete credit you must turn it in completed on the first day of class.The purpose of this assignment is to get a “head start” on the year by covering some general “science” information and DNA chapters that we will not have time to get to during the school year as well as read a best-selling book about a poor black woman’s cells that have played a huge role in Medicine and the ethical issues surrounding them. The information covered should be things you learned in freshman year biology with more details. This will allow us to quickly go through Chapters 1, 6 and 16 in the Campbell Biology book in the fall. When we get back will be grading your work and have a unit test.

Please be warned up front that the class will require many hours of work outside of the classroom as well as occasionally staying late after school and/or coming before school.

I am assuming all of you have internet access at home or at the library as well as an e-mail account. If this will be a problem then you need to come and see us in room 474 or 472 before school lets out.

The assignment has 3 parts and students who complete the assignments and email them to me on schedule below will start out the year with up to 25 extra credit points!

Extra Credit Schedule Part 1 due – Monday, June 16Part 2 due – Monday, July 28Part 3 due – Friday, August 22 (the Friday before the 1st day of school)

If you write out the answers and give it to me the first day of school you will still get full credit.

Part 11. The first part of the assignment is to go to http://bonnerbio.googlepages.com and click

on “Links” to find links to the sites listed in this assignment as well as an e-copy of this handout.

I will use this site to communicate to the class during the summer, including announcements and common questions that students have that might make your assignment a little easier, so check the site once a week or so.

2. Send me an e-mail with your name, why you have chosen to take AP Bio with all of the extra work it requires, along with your previous science teachers. My email is [email protected]

Part 21. Read The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks and answer the questions in the packet. The

questions should be answered and saved in Microsoft Word in the following format- Chapter 1

1. answer2. answer

etc. 2. email me the answers by July 29

Part 31. Do the Guided Reading Assignments (at end of this document) for Chapters 1, 6, and 16.2. For the diagrams, you can write on them with photo editing software and email them with the

rest of your answers on 8/22 or copy and paste them onto another sheet, print them out and do them. Bring the completed diagrams and tables with you on the first day of school and BINGO! You get extra credit and start the year you with a strong A!

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3. Complete one of the Free Response Questions (FRQ).4. email the Guided Reading answers for each chapter and the FRQ to me by August

22.

Please make sure it is all YOUR OWN WORK! Besides being a serious academic violation, plagiarism cheats yourself out of the opportunity to learn content and sometimes more importantly well as how to become a serious student. Any copying of answers either from another student or the internet will have serious consequences.

We hope your summer is safe and full of fun and we are looking forward to a great year in AP Biology!Have fun,Mr. Bonner and Ms. Chavez

AP Bio Summer Assignment Part 2: The Immortal Life of Henrietta LacksHenrietta Lacks was a mother of five in Baltimore, a poor African American migrant from the tobacco farms of Virginia, who died from a cruelly aggressive cancer at the age of 30 in 1951. A sample of her cancerous tissue, taken without her knowledge or consent, as was the custom then, turned out to provide one of the holy grails of mid-century biology: human cells that could survive--even thrive--in the lab. Known as HeLa cells, their stunning potency gave scientists a building block for countless breakthroughs, beginning with the cure for polio. Meanwhile, Henrietta's family continued to live in poverty and frequently poor health, and their discovery decades later of her unknowing contribution--and her cells' strange survival--left them full of pride, anger, and suspicion. For a decade, Skloot doggedly but compassionately gathered the threads of these stories, slowly gaining the trust of the family while helping them learn the truth about Henrietta, and with their aid she tells a rich and haunting story that asks the questions, Who owns our bodies? And who carries our memories? Rebecca Skloot has fashioned in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks a fascinating and moving story of medicine and family, of how life is sustained in laboratories and in memory.http://www.amazon.com/Immortal-Life-Henrietta-Lacks/dp/1400052173/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1306872929&sr=8-1#_6/1/11

DIRECTIONS1. Buy, borrow(but don’t steal!) and then read The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, published by Crown Publishers, New York, 2010 (ISBN 978-1-4000-5217-2).This non-fiction book will give you an opportunity to learn about more about cells and the first “line” of cancer cells. It’s a tale of scientific research but contains thehuman side of the story – it starts in the days before “informed consent” but it should make you think about medical bioethics today too…2. Answer the chapter questions while you read the book, but you will need to complete the entire story before tackling the final questions. Assignment must be typed (12 pt font) and answers should be clearly labeled & numbered for each chapter and question. Answer in complete sentences, use good grammar and spelling, but be clear and concise; discussion should be in your own words even ifpage numbers are referenced. Your completed assignment should be “AP quality” (your best effort!)3. Include your name, course, due date (9/6/10) and title of assignment on top ofpaper as your heading.4. Assignment will be collected on the first day of class and you will also take part in a scored discussion of the book during the end of the first week of school. Happy Reading!

Chapter QuestionsChap 11. What symptoms did Henrietta Lacks have before she went to the doctor for testing? 2. What did Henrietta’s family members tell her about her symptoms? 3. How were black patients treated at Johns Hopkins? 4. What was unusual or surprising to the doctors about the tumor growing inside Henrietta?

Chap 2-35. At what age did Henrietta have her first baby? Get married? Is there anything surprising about this?6. In 1951, doctors did not know much about cervical cancer; they did not know how to treat it or how to prevent it. Doctors also did research on patients who were poor and without their permission (no

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informed consent). Even though it was for “The greater good” do you think this was right? Why or why not?7. Why did the doctor take a sample of Henrietta’s tumor and healthy cervical tissue? What did the doctor hope to “prove” with the cells?8. The doctors treated cervical cancer with radium? What is radium? Why is it dangerous?

Chap 4-59. In the 1950s, doctors had not figured out a way to grow cells outside of the human body. Why did Dr. Gey want to grow cells? Why was it so hard to grow cells outside of the human body?10. Why is this chapter called “The Birth of HeLa?” How were the HeLa cancer cells different than any other cells in the world?

Chap 611. Who is Ronald Patillo, and what role did he play in Skloot’s research into the Lacks family? 12. What is the “Tuskegee syphilis study”? What are “Mississippi Appendectomies”? Why does Skloot talk to Ronald Patillo about these topics? 13. Why did these two studies make black people mistrust doctors?14. How does David Lacks react when Skloot first calls him?

Chap 7-815. Where did Dr. Gey send Henrietta’s cells? Why?16. What is “benevolent deception,” and why did doctors believe in it at the time of Henrietta’s treatment? 17. Describe the various medicines and methods the doctors used to ease her pain.

Chap 9-1018. What kind of reaction did Rebecca get when she drove through Turner Point?19. Very quickly, Skloot and Cootie develop a relationship that allows Skloot to gather some good information from Cootie. How would you describe their interactions? Why do you think Cootie was so willing to speak with Skloot while other people she had met and talked to were not? 20. Cootie says that voodoo was involved in Henrietta’s cells still being alive. Explain what she means and what voodoo is.

Chap 11-1221. Why did Emmett Lacks and other black men go to the hospital to donate blood for Henrietta?22. What was Henrietta’s last wish before she died on Oct 4, 1951?23. After Henrietta died, the doctors wanted to do an autopsy on her. Why do you think some people do not want to have autopsies and other people do?24. What do you think about people donating their bodies to science? Would you do that?25. Do you think it is ironic that Henrietta, who was so important to science, had an unmarked grave? Why do you think this is so?

Chap 1326. Why were the HeLa cells exactly what polio researchers needed? (Be specific.) 27. Describe the “HeLa Factory” at the Tuskegee Institute. 28. What was Dr. Gey’s reaction to the enormous scientific interest in the HeLa cells?

Chap 14-1529. Why didn’t Dr. Gey want Henrietta’s real name used in any article?30. If reporters had published Henrietta’s real name, how would the lives of her relatives be different?31. Three of Henrietta’s children developed tuberculosis after her funeral. What is TB and how was it treated in the 1950s? Why is this ironic when you think about how the HeLa cells were being used?

Chap 16-1732. Why is it ironic that the black and white Lacks family members were buried in the same place?33. Dr. Southam decided to test the cancerous HeLa cells on cancer patients and prisoners in jail without them knowing they were cancer cells. Do you think this was wrong? Why or why not?34. Do you think that researchers and doctors should be able to conduct risky research on people without their consent? Why or why not?

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35. What is “informed consent?” Google this one to get some help ☺

Chap 18-2036. In the 1950s, researchers did a great deal of experimenting with cells, mixing human cells with other animal cells. The general public complained that they were trying to be gods. Do you think scientists and doctors have now gone too far (cloning, genetic mapping, life support, etc.)?37. Why/how have society’s views and opinions re: teenage pregnancy and single mothers changed since the 1960s and 1970s?38. HeLa cells were unusual in that they were vey strong. Give examples of how strong the HeLa cells were and how they could spread.

Chap 21-2239. Who was Johns Hopkins? Why did he establish the Johns Hopkins’ hospital?40. Why is Chapter 21 called “Night Doctors?” What did some doctors from Johns Hopkins do in the middle of the night?41. Why did Dr. Gey tell his surgeons to take a sample of his prostate cancer cells? Do you think the doctors should have honored his request? Compare his situation to Henrietta’s situation when Dr. Gey took her cells.42. Do you think the title of Chapter 22 “The Fame She So Richly Deserves” is appropriate? Why or why not?

Chap 23-2643. The tissue samples removed from Henrietta’s tumor were not removed to help treat her cancer, but instead for research. Was it wrong for the doctor to remove the tissue in the first place? Was it wrong for Dr. Gey to collect those samples for the purpose of tying to grow them in a lab?44. How do you feel about knowing that you still do not have control over your body once you go to see the doctor? If you discovered that tissue removed from your body was used to benefit science and research , would you feel that you should be paid?45. What do you think is more important – a person’s personal rights over their own tissue, or contributing to science and research for the benefit of all humankind?46. Was it a good thing for the members of the Lacks family that Rebecca Skloot wrote this book? Why or why not?47. Do you think that the family should receive money for the sale of the HeLa cells? Do you agree with their feeling that that they should be paid?

Chap 27-3348. Why did some scientists say that the HeLa cells were no longer human? Do you agree with this?49. Why didn’t Deborah trust Rebecca when they first met? Was Deborah justified to not trust Rebecca?50. If you could meet Deborah or Rebecca, what would you ask them?

Chap 34-3851. Why was it important for Deborah to make sure the family were the only people who had Henrietta’s medical records and that they not be published in Rebecca’s book?52. Why was Rebecca feeling guilty for all the stress that Deborah was experiencing, both emotionally and physically?

Final Questions (after you’ve finished the book!)53. Ownership of genetic material is still a vexing issue. Many human genes have been patented and a battle is currently being fought through the U.S. courts between doctors and a biotech company owning the patents for genes used in breast cancer research screening. What are your thoughts about research and patents in this now “profit making” industry?54. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is the story of an African American woman and her family that touches on many big issues: bioethics, racism, poverty, science, faith, and more. What threads stand out to you and why?55. Did you enjoy this book? Why or why not?

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Free Response Questions

The AP Bio Exam will require you to write 8 FRQs (Free Response Questions) about topics you will learn during the year. The FRQs are basically informal essays, which don’t require the introductory paragraph, etc. like in English class. They are also a great way to review topics. For your summer work choose one FRQ topic from below and write about it and turn it in on schedule for EXTRA CREDIT(Oh Yeah!) or turn it in on the first day of class and we will grade them together on the first day.

FRQs Choose 1

Ch 1An experiment on a species of small freshwater fish recorded their behavioral responses to differenttemperatures. Ten fish were each tested once, one at a time. To begin the experiment, a fish was removed from a stock tank (maintained at 22∞C) and placed in the temperature-gradient tank drawn below. After the fish had spent 30 minutes in the temperature-gradient tank, the section where the fish was located was recorded. Additional observations were recorded every 5 minutes, for a total of 7 observations per fish. A summary of the combined data for all 10 fish appears below.

(a) Summarize the outcome of the experiment.(b) Identify TWO variables that were not specifically controlled in the experimental design,

and describe howthese variables might have affected the outcome of the experiment.

Section Fish Per SectionA 9B 11C 34D 12E 4

CELLS

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Compare and contrast prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic and plant vs animal cells. Include organelles, structure, etc.

DNADescribe the biochemical composition, structure, and replication of DNA.

Name _________________________

Chapter 1 Exploring Life1. Briefly describe the unifying themes that characterize the biological

sciences.

2. Diagram the hierarchy of structural levels in biological organization.

3. Describe the two major dynamic processes of any ecosystem.

4. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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5. Describe the basic structure and function of DNA.

6. Discuss the goals and activities of systems biology. List the three research developments that have advanced systems biology.

7. Explain the importance of regulatory mechanisms in living things. Distinguish between positive and negative feedback.

Evolution, Unity and Diversity8. Distinguish among the three domains of life. List and distinguish among the three

kingdoms of multi-cellular, eukaryotic life.

9. Describe the observations and inferences that led Charles Darwin to his theory of evolution by natural selection.

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The Process of Science10. Distinguish between discovery science and hypothesis-based science. Explain why

both types of exploration contribute to our understanding of nature.

11. Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data.

12. Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.

13. Explain why hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable but are not provable.

14. Describe what is meant by a controlled experiment.

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15. Distinguish between the everyday meaning of the term ‘theory’ and its meaning to scientists.

AP BiologyChapter 6 Guided Reading Assignment

1. What is resolving power and why is it important in biology?

2. How does an electron microscope work and what is the difference between a scanning and transmission electron microscope?

3. Describe the process and purpose of cell fractionation.

4. Label the prokaryotic cell below – list structure and function.

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5. Compare the etymology and structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

6. Why is surface area to volume such an important concept as it applies to the size of a cell?

7. For each of the structures below – note the specific structure and the function of the organelle or part of the organelle. The important concept is to note how the specific structure allows for the specific function to be accomplished.

a. Nucleus

i. Nuclear envelope

ii. Nuclear lamina

iii. Chromosomes

iv. Chromatin

v. Nucleolus

b. Ribosomes

c. Endoplasmic reticulum

i. Smooth ER

ii. Rough ER

d. Golgi Apparatus

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e. Lysosomes

f. Vacuoles

i. Food

ii. Contractile

iii. Central w/tonoplast

g. Endomembrane system – overall

h. Mitochondria

i. Mitochondrial matrix

ii. Cristae

i. Plastids

i. Amyloplast

ii. Chromoplast

iii. Chloroplast

1. thylakoids

2. stroma

j. peroxisomes

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k. cytoskeleton – pay careful attention to the details in this section

i. microtubules

1. centrosomes and centrioles

2. cilia and flagella – include basal body

3. dynein walking

ii. microfilaments

1. actin

2. myosin

3. pseudopodia

4. cytoplasmic streaming

iii. intermediate filaments

l. Cell walls

i. Primary cell wall

ii. Middle lamella

iii. Secondary cell wall

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m. Extracellular matrix

i. Collagen

ii. Proteoglycans

iii. Fibronectin

iv. Integrins

n. What are intercellular junctions and why are they important?

o. Contrast plasmodesmata, tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.

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AP BiologyChapter 16 Guided Reading Assignment

1. Explain Griffith’s experiment and the concept of transformation in detail.

2. What did Avery, MacLeod and McCarty contribute to this line of investigation?

3. What is a bacteriophage?

4. Label the diagram below and explain the Hershey Chase experiment.

5. How did Chargraff’s work contribute to understanding the structure of DNA?

6. Who was credited with discovering the structure of DNA and what role did Rosalind’s Franklin’s work play in the understanding of the structure of DNA?

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7. Label the structure below:

8. Why does adenine always pair with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA?

9. What is meant by the term that DNA replication is semiconservative?

10.How is bacterial DNA replication accomplished?

11.What are DNA polymerases?

12. In your own words, what is meant by the term – DNA is antiparallel in arrangement”?

13.Define the following terms:

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a. Leading strand

b. Lagging strand

c. Okazaki fragments

d. DNA ligase

e. Primer

14. Label the diagram below:

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15. Identify and label the diagram below:

16. List the functions of the following enzymes:a. Helicase

b. Single stranded binding protein

c. Topoisomerase

d. Primase

e. DNA Polymerase III

f. DNA Polymerase I

g. DNA Ligase

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17. Identify and label the diagram below:

18.What is mismatch repair?

19. Label the diagram below:

20. Why is there a short section of a cell’s DNA that cannot be repaired or replaced? Draw your own diagram explaining the problem. It is very important that you understand this

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conceptually.

21.What are telomeres and why are they important? How does telomerase play a role?

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