Name: _____Key______________________ Date: _____

MOTION

What is Motion: _A change in position in a certain amount of time.__________________________________________________________________________.

Frame of Reference: _The background or object that is used for comparison.________________What you say is not moving.____________________________

The Most Common Frame of Reference: __Earth _ ______________________

In order to describe the motion of an object, you need to know the __position__and how__it moves in relation to the frame of reference_______________.

SPEED:_The rate at which an object moves_______________________________.

The FORMULA for SPEED = ___Distance_______. Time

The UNITS to measure SPEED = _miles/hours (mi/hr);

Meters/second (m/s); kilometers/hour (km/hr)_. The FORMULA for DISTANCE = _Speed x Time____.

The UNITS to measure DISTANCE = _miles, meters,

kilometers_.

The FORMULA for TIME = ____Distance______ Speed

The UNITS to measure TIME = _minutes, seconds, hours.

MOTION

When solving problems in science there are THREE steps that we must follow:

1.__Write the Formula___

2.__Substitute numbers and units_

3.__Write answer with units to the nearest tenth____

SPEED PROBLEMS

1. Mrs. Nowadly rides her bike to school. The distance from her house to school is 30 miles and it took her 10 minutes. What was her speed?

Speed (S) = Distance/Time (D/T)

Speed (S) = 30 miles 10 mins

Speed (S) = 3.0 miles mins

2. Mr. McDonald decides to travel from Buffalo to New York City. The trip is approximately 350 miles and it took him 5 hours. What is Mr. McDonald’s speed?

Speed (S) = Distance Time

Speed (S) = 350 miles/ 5 hrs

Speed (S) = 70.0 miles/hrs

PRACTICE PROBLEMS

We can find the speed, distance and time by using the magic triangle. Solve the problems below and make sure to include the formula, substitute with correct units and label and round you answer the nearest tenth.

1. Mrs. Zawodzinski competes in the Daytona 500 (500 miles), the speed of her car is 63 mi/hr. At this speed how long will it take her to finish the race?Time = Distance / Speed or T=D/STime = 500 miles / 63 mi/hr or 500 miles

63 mi/hrTime = 7.9 hrs (7.93 is rounded to 7.9)2. The Cheetah, the world’s fastest animal can travel at speeds of 110 km/hr. At this top speed, how far will the cheetah travel if it takes 14.4 seconds (0.004 hr) for it to catch it’s prey?

Distance = Speed x TimeDistance = 110 km / hr x .004 hrDistance = .4 km

3. Usain Bolt from Jamaica holds the world record in the 100 meters at a speed of 8.5 m/s. Mr. B is also a runner his time for the 100 meters is 7.5 m/s. How long will it take each runner to finish the race?

Bolt BerdT = D/S T = D/ST = 100 m T = 100 m 8.5 m/s 7.5 m/s

4. It takes a plane 4 hrs to fly from Buffalo, New York to Miami, Florida which is a distance of 1902 km. Calculate the speed of the airplane.

S=D/T = 1902 km = 475.5 km 4 hrs hrs

GRAPHING CONSTANT SPEED

Animal Kingdom is the 2011 Kentucky Derby Winner. The data below shows his time and distance he travelled. Plot the data with the time on the x-axis and distance on the y-axis. Be sure to label each axis with units and include a title.

Time in Seconds 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Distance in miles

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

____________Derby Winner__________________________

9080

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 .2 .4 . 6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

Distance (miles)

AVERAGE SPEED AND VELOCITY

The formulas below will help you solve the following problems.

The bullet train travels on average at 277 mi/hr. However, some trains travel faster than others. To prove this point, three trains decide to have a race starting from point A and ending west to a train station 100 miles away. The race begins at 12:00pm. FORMULA’S, SUBSTITUTIONS, ANSWERS IN UNITS! Figure1.

Point A Train Station

0 50 mi 100 mi

Figure 2 show the distance the trains traveled after 30 minutes.

Figure 3 shows the distance the trains traveled after 60 minutes.

Figure 2. Figure 3.

40mi 45mi 50mi 90 mi 95 mi 100 mi

SPEED = Distance AVERAGE SPEED = Total Distance VELOCITY = Distance (has direction) Time Total Time Time

Use Figures 1-3 to answer the following questions. Make sure to show all work!

1. What distance did each train travel? # 1 30 minutes = 40 miles 60 minutes = 100 miles

# 2 30 minutes = 45 miles 60 minutes = 95 miles

# 3 30 minutes = 50 miles 60 minutes = 90 miles

2. Calculate the average speed for each train from 12:00 pm to 1:00pm # 1 Average Speed = Total Distance / Time AS = 100 miles / 1 hr or 100 miles / 60 minutes

AS = 100.0 mi/hr or 1.7 mi/min

# 2 Average Speed = Total Distance / TimeAS = 95 miles / 1 hr or 95 mi/ 60 minutesAS = 95.0 mi/hr or 1.6 mi/ min

# 3 Average Speed = Total Distance / Time AS = 90 miles / 1 hr or 90 mi/ 60 minutesAS = 90.0 mi/hr or 1.5 mi/ min

3. Calculate the velocity of each train for the first 30 minutes. # 1 V= D/T = 40 mi/ 30 minutes = 1.3 mi/min

# 2 V= D/T = 45 mi/ 30 minutes = 1.5 mi/min

# 3 Velocity = Distance / TimeVelocity = 50 miles = 1.7 miles

30 min mins

ACCELERATION

Acceleration: __The rate of change in velocity.___________________

____If something is accelerating it can be speeding up, slowing down, or

changing directions__.

The Formula for Acceleration = Vf – Vi T

Final Velocity - Initial VelocityTime

Solving the following problems, be sure to show all work, show substitution, and label in correct units.

Final Velocity (V f) Initial Velocity (V i) Time (T) Acceleration

1. 78 km/hr 0 km/hr 4.0 sec 19.5 km/hr/s2. 28 m/sec 0m/sec 7.0 sec 4.0 m/s2

3. 110 km/hr 25 km/hr 15.0 sec 5.7 km/hr/s4. 55 m/sec 11 m/sec 4.0 sec 11.0 m/s/s5. 175 km/hr 10 km/hr 15 sec 11.0 km/hr/s 6. Mrs. Nowadly accelerates her car from a standstill to 100 mi/hr in 5.0 seconds. What is her acceleration? Acceleration = Vf – Vi = 100 mi/hr – 0 miles/hr = 20. 0 mi/hr

T 5.0 seconds s7. Riding her bike, Mrs. Zawodzinski has an initial velocity of 6m/sec and has a final velocity of 12.0 m/sec, what was her acceleration after 30 seconds? Acceleration = Vf – Vi = 12 m/s – 6 m/s = . 2 m/s/s or .2 m/s2

T 30 seconds

Acceleration: __Change in velocity divided by the time the change took__.

When Initial Velocity is NOT given we can assume it is? _Zero__________.__(The object is stationary, it is not moving)_____________________________.When an object has an increase in velocity over time it is said to be_accelerating___. This is also known as __positive acceleration________.When an object has a decrease in velocity over time it is said to be__deccelerating_. This is also known as _negative acceleration________.

Example of DECCELERATION and ACCELERATION

MOMEMTUM

Scenario: You’re playing running back for the Buffalo Bills and you have the choice of getting hit by at 6”6” 300lbs. defensive lineman or a 6”0 190 lbs. cornerback. Both are running at the same speed. Who would you rather get hit by and why?The cornerback because he has less momemtum.

_____________________________________________________________________________.Momentum: __depends on the mass of the object and the velocity with which it is traveling. ____________________________________________________________.

Momentum = Mass x Velocityp = MV

M = Massp = MomentumV = Velocity

Mass (M) Momentum (p) Velocity (V)

5.0 kg 10.0 kgm/s 2.0 m/s2.0 kg 50.o kgm/s 25. 0 m/s0.1 kg 100.0kg m/s 1000.0 m/s

The Law of Conversation of Momentum: _Momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but transferred from object to another________.

SPEED Vs. VELOCITY

What is the difference between SPEED and VELOCITY? Velocity is speed in a given direction. Speed the rate an object moves.DIRECTIONS could include: East, West, North, South, up, down.

Directions: Solve each problem using the formula triangle. Show all work, round your answers to the nearest tenth .

Velocity = Distance Time

1. A bus is traveling to high school on Division Street. It moved at 2 miles in 30 seconds. What is the velocity? V= D/TV= 2mi/30 secondsV= .1miles/seconds down Division Street2. Mrs. Zawodzinski is skipping down the hall at the rate of 20

meters

at a velocity of 4 meters/minute down the hall. What is her time?

T= D/ST= 20 meters/ 4 meter/ minute down the hallT = 5.0 minutes

3. A car is traveling at a velocity of 85 km/hr down the road for a total of 2 hours.

What is the distance the car traveled?

D=VxTD= 85km/hr x 2hrD= 170.0 km

VELOCITY PRACTICE PROBLEMS

DIRECTION – Solve each of the problems using the magic triangle.Show all work in the space provided. Round all answers to the nearest tenth.Make sure to include the formula, substitution and answer in correct units.

1. Mr. McDonald is heading south to the middle school. He traveled 36 miles in 20 minutes. What is his velocity?

Velocity = Distance = 30 miles = 1.5 miles Time 20 mins minute

2. Mrs. Nowadly is traveling home and driving West on Clark Street. She traveled 100 meters in 50 seconds. What is her Speed?

Speed = Distance / TimeS= 100 meters/ 50 secondsS = 2.0 m/s

3. Mrs. Z hit a golf ball at a velocity of 115 meters/s and it traveled for 3 seconds. How far did Z hit the ball?

Distance =Velocity x TimeD= 115 meters x 3 seconds second

D= 345.0 meters

4. Mr. B is the fastest teacher in the middle school. What distance did he run if he had a velocity of 10m/sec EAST and it took him 5 seconds.

Distance =Velocity x TimeD= 10 meters x 5 seconds second

D= 50.0 meters