Unit 1 Outline

Essential Questions:

Intro to the Human Body:What are the major directional terms and planes we use to define locations in the human body?How do we explain directions on the human body using medical directional terms?What are the major body cavities and what organ systems reside within them?What is the importance of learning medical terminology vocabulary?

Cellular Biology:What are all the major organelles found within a Eukaryote and what jobs does each one fulfill for the cell?What is mitosis and why is it important in understanding cellular biology?What is meiosis and why is it important in understanding cellular biology?What is the difference between transcription and translation and why is it important to the survival of a cell?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Chromatin Chromosomes Chromatid Centromere Histones Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Nucleoli Cytoplastm Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus Plasma Membrane Smooth ER Lysosomes Rough ER Peroxisomes Mitochondria Centrioles Ribosomes Microvilli Cilia Flagella Transcription Translation Mitosis Meiosis mRNA rRNAtRNA Superior Inferior Dorsal Ventral Anterior PosteriorDeep Superficial Lateral Medial Cranial Caudal Ventral CavityDorsal Cavity Spinal Cavity Cranial Cavity Thoracic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity

Skeletal System Outline

Essential Questions:

Skeletal SystemWhat is the importance of our skeletal system within the framework of the human body?What are bone markings and the importance of them?What is the basic anatomy to a human bone and how are those parts important?What are all the bones found throughout the human body and specific bone markings found on each of them?How are joints important to the human body and what are similarities and differences between the 3 major kinds?What are the different types of fractures that can occur to our bones?How does a bone repair itself from various types of fractures?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Compact Bone Spongy BoneEpiphysis Diaphysis Epiphyseal Line Medullary CavityPeriosteum Articular Cartilage Closed Reduction Open ReductionHematoma Fibrocartilage Callus Bony Callus SynarthrosesAmphiarthroses Diarthroses Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous JointsSynovial Joints Monaxial Biaxial MultiaxialGomphosis Suture Symphysis SyndesmosisSynchondrosis Synostosis

Muscular System Outline

Essential Questions:

Muscular SystemWhat are the three types muscle tissues found in the body and what are some similarities/differences we find between them?What are the basic anatomical features of a skeletal muscle?Where do we find the major muscles and muscle groups throughout the human body?What are the various body movements skeletal muscles make and what is their importance in studying the muscular system?What are the different shapes skeletal muscles arrange themselves in and how do they compare to each other?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Origin Insertion Belly Tendon EpimysiumFascicle Perimysium Muscle Fiber Endomysium MajorMaximus Minor Minimus Longus BrevisVastus Pectoralis Intercostal Abdominis LumborumPeroneus Tibialis Brachii Carpi DigitorumSuperficialis Profundus Biceps Triceps QuadricepsRectus Oblique Circular Convergent ParallelFusiform Pennate Bipennate Unipennate MultipennateSarcolemma Myofibril Z-line Sarcomere ActinMyosin

Respiratory System Outline

Essential Questions:

Respiratory SystemWhat is the importance of the upper respiratory tract in the overall function of this system?How does the lower respiratory tract play a role in the overall function of this system?What is the importance and location of the basic anatomy within this system?How does the respiratory system closely interact with the cardiovascular system?What is the basic physiology of a human breath?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Uvula Soft Palate Hard Palate Tongue Hyoid BoneVocal Folds Esophagus Trachea Epiglottis Sphenoidal SinusExternal Nares Larynx Pharynx Frontal Sinus TonsilsTrachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Pleural FluidBronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm ApexIntercostal Muscles Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura Pleural Cavity BaseTidal Volume Inspiration Reserve Expiration Reserve Vital Capacity Dead Space VolumePulmonary Ventilation External Respiration Resp. Gas Exchange Internal Respiration

Cardiovascular System Outline

Essential Questions:

Cardiovascular SystemWhat is the basic anatomy of the human heart? (both internal and external)How do the chambers of the heart work together to successfully complete a full cardiac cycle?How do the valves and chambers work together on a functional human heart?What are possible problems that can occur within the heart that can cause cardiac complications?How do surgeons repair heart problems?How do the electrical signals within the heart work?How is blood pressure important in heart health and how can someone monitor and control their bp?What are some seminaries and differences between arteries and veins? Where do we find some of the larger veins and arteries in the human body?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium Visceral PericardiumAtrium Ventricle Aorta Parietal PericardiumAV Valves Semilunar Valves Angina Pectoris Myocardial InfarctionSystole Diastole Cardiac Cycle ElectrocardiogramCoronary Arteries Angiogram Angioplasty Surgical StentBypass Surgery Chordae Tendineae Arteries VeinsArterioles Venules Capillaries Mid-to-Late DiastoleVentricular Systole Early Diastole Heart Murmur Valve ReplacementVentricular Assist Devices Artificial Hearts Heart in a Box Blood PressureHypertension Coronary Artery Disease Systolic Pressure Diastolic PressureMale Heart Rate Female Heart Rate Fetal Heart Rate Purkinje SystemSA Node AV Node Bundle of His Bundle BranchesPurkinje Fibers Tachycardia Bradycardia FibrillationP-wave QRS-complex T-wave AtherosclerosisTunica Intima Tunica Media Tunica Externa Aneurysm

Saccular Aneurysm Fusiform Aneurysm

Nervous System /Special Sense Outline

Essential Questions:

Nervous System/Special Sense System1) What are the basic divisions of our central and peripheral nervous system? 2) How does the human body protect this important system?3) What is the structural and functional classifications of the nervous system?4) What is the basic anatomy of a neuron and how is it unique?5) How do we compare and contrast sensory vs. motor neurons?6) What are the major parts to a synapse and how does a synapse work?7) How do we compare and contrast Sympathetic vs. the Parasympathetic nervous system?8) What are the different types and shapes of neurons? What is the specific purpose of each one?9) When provided with a model or diagram, can you identify the structures of the eye, ear, nasal cavity and

tongue?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Dendrite Axon Cell Body Nucleus Schwann Cells

Axon Terminals Node of Ranvier Myelin Sheath CNSPNS Brain Spinal Cord Somatic NS Autonomic NSSympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS Biplaror Unipolar MultipolarSensory (Afferent) Motor (Efferent) Association Concussion ContusionCerebal Edemema Stroke (CVA) Alcheimers Reflex Arc LensIris Cornea Lacrimal Gland Sclera RetinaPupil Meibomian Gland Papillae Taste Buds Gustatory CellsGustatory Hairs Taste Pore Olfactory Cells Cilia Olfactory BulbOlfactory Tract Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear

Digestive System Outline

Essential Questions:1) Can you name the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs along with identify each on

an appropriate diagram or model?2) Can you identify the overall function of the digestive system as digestion and absorption of foodstuffs, and

describe the general activities of each digestive organ?3) What is the composition and function of saliva?4) What is the basic anatomy of a tooth?5) How do the villi aid digestive process in the small intestine?6) Can you describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting and defecation?7) How do we describe the process of how food stuffs in the digestive tract are mixed and moved along the

tract?8) What is the function of bile in the digestive process?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Alimentary Canal Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Cavity Hard PalateSoft Palate Uvula Fernulum TonguePharynx Esophagus Mucosa SubmucosaMuscularis Externa Serosa Stomach IleumPyloric Sphincter Fundus Body PylorusGastric Juice Chyme Small Intestine DuodenumJejunum Cardioesophageal Sphincter Bile MicrovilliVilli Ileocecal Valve Large Intestine CecumColon Rectum Anal Canal AnusPancreas Mechanical Digestion Gallbladder Salivary GlandTeeth Crown Neck RootEnamal Dentin Pulp Cavity IngestionPropulsion Peristalsis Segmentation LiverChemical Digestion Absorption Defecation

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Integumentary System Outline

Essential Questions:1) Can you list the general functions of each membrane type – cutaneous, mucous, serous and synovial- and give

the location in the body?2) How does the structure of the major membrane types compare and contrast to each other?3) Can you list the important functions of the integumentary system and explain how these functions are

accomplished?4) When provided with a model or diagram of the skin can you recognize and name the following skin

structures: epidermis, dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair and hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and sweat gland?

5) Can you name the layers of the epidermis and describe the characteristics of each?6) Can you describe the distribution and function of epidermal derivatives such as the sebaceous glands, sweat

glands and hair?7) Can you name the factors that determine skin color and describe the function of melanin?8) Can you differentiate between 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree burns?9) How do we explain the “Rule of Nines”?10) Can you summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant

melanoma?

Vocabulary for the Unit:Epithelial Membrane Cutaneous Membrane Mucous MembraneSerous Membrane Visceral Layer Pleural LayerSynovial Membrane Integumentary System EpidermisKeratinizing Dermis Subcutaneous TissueHypodermis Keratinocytes MelaninMelanocytes Papillary Layer Dermal PapillaeReticular Layer Cutaneous Glands Exocrine GlandsSebaceous Glands Sebum Sweat GlandsEccrine Glands Sweat PoreApocrine Sweat Glands Hair RootShaft Hair Bulb Matrix Hair FollicleArrector Pili Nail Nail BedNail Matrix Nail Folds Rule of 9’s1st Degree Burns 2nd Degree Burns 3rd Degree BurnsBasal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant MelanomaABCDE Rule