Results

The oil level for 54 different jars each with 50 gm of salt water, 10 gm of SAE 5W-30

Motor Oil, 1 gm of 5 different dispersants and a control was recorded. 9 trials were performed

for each of 6 independent variable levels (see Appendix 1). For each trial, the water, the oil, and

the dispersant were measured to within 0.01 grams. The oil levels were photographed after 20

seconds of shaking, again approximately 3 hours later, and again after more than 12 hours. The

oil levels were then measured using the images on a computer to improve the accuracy. The

mean and standard deviations of the oil levels at each time respectively were calculated using

Excel and are shown in Table 1. The total change in oil level and its standard deviation after 12

hours was also calculated in Excel. As can be seen from the table below, the Xanthan and Guar

Gums had no discernible oil level at any point after shaking. Xanthan Gum had a higher

concentration of oil and bubbles at the top of the jar than Guar Gum, but no oil level was

measurable (see Appendix 2, Figures 2 and 3). After 12 hours, the Lecithin Jars had completely

split back into three layers, water, lecithin, and oil (see Appendix 2, Figure 4). Compared to the

remaining other independent variables (Carrageenan and Glycerin), the Control remained

dispersed longer (see Graph 4).

Table 1: Average and Standard Deviation of Oil Levels at 3 different times after shaking

Independent Variable

Number of Trials

Average Oil Level after

Shaking (+/- 0.1 cm)

Std Dev (+/- 0.1 cm)

Average Oil Level after 3 hours (+/- 0.1

cm)Std Dev (+/-

0.1 cm)

Average Oil Level after > 12 hours (+/-

0.1 cm)Std Dev (+/-

0.1 cm)

Average Change after > 12 Hours (+/-

0.1 cm)

Std Dev on Change > 12

Hours (+/- 0.1 cm)

None 9 4.55 0.12 4.67 0.14 4.79 0.08 0.24 0.14Xanthan 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Guar 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Lecithin 9 4.52 0.07 4.80 0.12 4.88 0.07 0.36 0.06Carrageenan 9 4.54 0.15 4.97 0.07 5.01 0.03 0.47 0.14Glycerin 9 4.66 0.11 4.87 0.08 4.97 0.05 0.30 0.10

Graph 1: Average oil level in cm after Shaking

None Xanthan Guar Lecithin Carrageenan Glycerin0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Average Oil Level after Shaking (+/- 0.1 cm)

Oil

Lev

el +

/- 0.

1 cm

Graph 2: Average Oil Level after 3 Hours

None Xanthan Guar LecithinCarrageenanGlycerin0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Average Oil Level after 3 hours(+/- 0.1 cm)

Oil

Lev

el +

/- 0.

1 cm

Graph 3: Average Oil Level >12 Hours

None Xanthan Guar Lecithin Carrageenan Glycerin0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Average Oil Level after > 12 hours (+/- 0.1 cm)

Oil

Lev

el +

/- 0.

1 cm

Graph 4: Average Change in oil Level after >12 Hours

None Xanthan Guar LecithinCarrageenanGlycerin0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

Average Change in oil level after > 12 Hours (+/- 0.1 cm)

Oil

Lev

el +

/- 0.

1 cm

Appendix 1: Raw Data Table

Shake Time Oil Level Oil Level Oil Level(Time when shaken) cm above bottom cm above bottom cm above bottom

1 None 11/28/2015 19:26 4.47 11/28/2015 22:31 4.67 11/29/2015 10:21 4.9 3.1 14.9 0.432 None 11/28/2015 19:28 4.43 11/28/2015 22:33 4.49 11/29/2015 10:23 4.8 3.1 14.9 0.373 None 11/28/2015 19:29 4.80 11/28/2015 22:33 4.80 11/29/2015 10:25 4.8 3.1 14.9 0.004 None 11/28/2015 19:31 4.54 11/28/2015 22:34 4.90 11/29/2015 10:26 4.9 3.0 14.9 0.365 None 11/28/2015 19:32 4.40 11/28/2015 22:35 4.46 11/29/2015 10:27 4.7 3.0 14.9 0.306 None 11/28/2015 19:33 4.56 11/28/2015 22:35 4.63 11/29/2015 10:28 4.7 3.0 14.9 0.147 None 11/28/2015 19:34 4.64 11/28/2015 22:36 4.69 11/29/2015 10:28 4.8 3.0 14.9 0.168 None 11/28/2015 19:35 4.54 11/28/2015 22:36 4.70 11/29/2015 10:29 4.8 3.0 14.9 0.269 None 11/28/2015 19:37 4.57 11/28/2015 22:37 4.65 11/29/2015 10:30 4.7 3.0 14.9 0.13

10 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:09 0.00 11/28/2015 23:09 0.00 11/29/2015 10:31 0 3.0 14.4 0.0011 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:10 0.00 11/28/2015 23:10 0.00 11/29/2015 10:52 0 3.0 14.7 0.0012 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:12 0.00 11/28/2015 23:12 0.00 11/29/2015 10:53 0 3.0 14.7 0.0013 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:15 0.00 11/28/2015 23:15 0.00 11/29/2015 11:00 0 3.0 14.8 0.0014 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:18 0.00 11/28/2015 23:18 0.00 11/29/2015 11:02 0 3.0 14.7 0.0015 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:21 0.00 11/28/2015 23:21 0.00 11/29/2015 11:03 0 3.0 14.7 0.0016 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:23 0.00 11/28/2015 23:23 0.00 11/29/2015 11:03 0 3.0 14.7 0.0017 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:24 0.00 11/28/2015 23:24 0.00 11/29/2015 11:03 0 3.0 14.7 0.0018 Xanthan Gum 11/28/2015 20:26 0.00 11/28/2015 23:26 0.00 11/29/2015 11:04 0 3.0 14.6 0.0019 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:29 0.00 11/28/2015 23:29 0.00 11/29/2015 11:04 0 3.0 14.6 0.0020 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:31 0.00 11/28/2015 23:31 0.00 11/29/2015 11:04 0 3.0 14.5 0.0021 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:36 0.00 11/28/2015 23:36 0.00 11/29/2015 11:05 0 3.0 14.5 0.0022 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:39 0.00 11/28/2015 23:39 0.00 11/29/2015 11:05 0 3.0 14.4 0.0023 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:42 0.00 11/28/2015 23:42 0.00 11/29/2015 11:05 0 3.0 14.4 0.0024 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:45 0.00 11/28/2015 23:45 0.00 11/29/2015 11:06 0 3.0 14.3 0.0025 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:46 0.00 11/28/2015 23:46 0.00 11/29/2015 11:06 0 3.0 14.3 0.0026 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:47 0.00 11/28/2015 23:47 0.00 11/29/2015 11:06 0 3.0 14.3 0.0027 Guar Gum 11/28/2015 20:49 0.00 11/28/2015 23:47 0.00 11/29/2015 11:07 0 3.0 14.3 0.0028 Lecithin 11/28/2015 20:54 4.45 11/28/2015 23:54 4.55 11/29/2015 11:07 4.8 3.0 14.2 0.3529 Lecithin 11/28/2015 20:55 4.47 11/28/2015 23:55 4.80 11/29/2015 11:07 4.9 3.0 14.2 0.4330 Lecithin 11/28/2015 20:57 4.63 11/28/2015 23:57 4.80 11/29/2015 11:07 4.9 3.0 14.2 0.2731 Lecithin 11/28/2015 20:58 4.46 11/28/2015 23:58 4.70 11/29/2015 11:08 4.8 3.0 14.2 0.3432 Lecithin 11/28/2015 21:00 4.49 11/29/2015 0:00 4.80 11/29/2015 11:08 4.8 3.0 14.1 0.3133 Lecithin 11/28/2015 21:01 4.59 11/29/2015 0:01 4.91 11/29/2015 11:08 4.9 3.0 14.1 0.3134 Lecithin 11/28/2015 21:03 4.51 11/29/2015 0:03 4.91 11/29/2015 11:08 4.9 3.0 14.1 0.3935 Lecithin 11/28/2015 21:04 4.47 11/29/2015 0:04 4.90 11/29/2015 11:09 4.9 3.0 14.1 0.4336 Lecithin 11/28/2015 21:06 4.59 11/29/2015 0:06 4.80 11/29/2015 11:11 5 3.0 14.1 0.4137 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:13 4.35 11/29/2015 0:13 4.96 11/29/2015 11:12 5 3.0 14.0 0.6538 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:14 11/29/2015 0:14 4.84 11/29/2015 11:12 539 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:16 4.36 11/29/2015 0:16 4.96 11/29/2015 11:12 5 3.0 13.9 0.6440 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:17 4.57 11/29/2015 0:17 4.94 11/29/2015 11:13 5 3.0 13.9 0.4341 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:19 4.70 11/29/2015 0:19 4.94 11/29/2015 11:13 5 3.0 13.9 0.3042 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:20 4.66 11/29/2015 0:20 4.95 11/29/2015 11:13 5 3.0 13.9 0.3443 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:35 4.68 11/29/2015 0:35 5.04 11/29/2015 11:14 5.1 3.0 13.6 0.4244 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:36 4.40 11/29/2015 0:36 5.04 11/29/2015 11:14 5 3.0 13.6 0.6045 Carrageenan 11/28/2015 21:37 4.62 11/29/2015 0:37 5.07 11/29/2015 11:14 5 3.0 13.6 0.3846 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:47 4.80 11/29/2015 0:47 4.95 11/29/2015 11:19 5 3.0 13.5 0.2047 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:48 4.72 11/29/2015 0:48 5.01 11/29/2015 11:20 5 3.0 13.5 0.2848 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:49 4.49 11/29/2015 0:49 4.86 11/29/2015 11:20 4.9 3.0 13.5 0.4149 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:52 4.71 11/29/2015 0:52 4.95 11/29/2015 11:20 4.9 3.0 13.5 0.1950 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:53 4.70 11/29/2015 0:53 4.87 11/29/2015 11:20 5 3.0 13.4 0.3051 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:55 4.60 11/29/2015 0:55 4.86 11/29/2015 11:21 5 3.0 13.4 0.4052 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:56 4.60 11/29/2015 0:56 4.76 11/29/2015 11:21 4.9 3.0 13.4 0.3053 Glycerin 11/28/2015 21:59 4.80 11/29/2015 0:59 4.80 11/29/2015 11:21 5 3.0 13.4 0.2054 Glycerin 11/28/2015 22:01 4.54 11/29/2015 1:01 4.80 11/29/2015 11:21 5 3.0 13.3 0.46

Sample #

Delta in Oil Level from Time > 12

Hours to Shaking Time

Delta from 3 hour time to Shaking

time (Hours)

Delta from > 12 hour time to Shaking Time

(Hours)Time After 12 HoursTime after 3 hoursDispersant

Appendix 2: Photographs of Experiment

Figure 1: 54 Experimental Jars

Figure 2: Example of Guar Gum After >12 Hours

Figure 3: Example of Xanthan Gum after >12 Hours

Figure 4: Example of Lecithin after >12 Hours

Appendix 3: Raw Data Graph

NoneNone

NoneNone

None

Xanthan

Gum

Xanthan

Gum

Xanthan

Gum

Xanthan

Gum

Guar Gum

Guar Gum

Guar Gum

Guar Gum

Guar Gum

Lecith

in

Lecith

in

Lecith

in

Lecith

in

Carrage

enan

Carrage

enan

Carrage

enan

Carrage

enan

Carrage

enan

Glyceri

n

Glyceri

n

Glyceri

n

Glyceri

n0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Oil Level after the Jars were shaken

Oil

Leve

l +/-

0.1

cm