vii kosmisch ¥. anaxagoras (499 - 428) to every great there exists a greater. empedokle (483 - 425)...
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VII
Kosmisch
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Anaxagoras (499 - 428)To every great there exists a greater.
Empedokle (483 - 425)The universe is three times as large as the system earth-moon.
Demokrit (460 - 375)Milky way consists of many stars. The universe has no center
Aristotele (384 - 322)The earth is tiny compared to the universe.The earth is in the center of the universe.The earth is a sphere. When sailing to south always new stars appear.
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Aristarch of Samos (310 - 230)
First proponent of the heliocentric system
Determined the ratio of distances to moon and sun.Angle measured: 87° cos 87° = 1 : 19Improved by Kepler: 89°51' 1 : 380
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Eratosthenes (276 - 194)
Born in Cyrene (today Schahhat, Libyen)240: third chairman of the MuseionEducator of the crown prince
Very universal scholar.Invented the leap day.Produced the first astronomical maps with over 600 stars.
Sieve of Eratosthenes
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Determined the circumference of earth
Alexandria (31°)Well diggers in Syene (= Assuan, 24°)
Result: 41000 km improved in 1670: 39800 kmcorrect: 40009 km (over the poles)
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Claudius Ptolemaios (85 - 165)Worked in AlexandriaFair skin, small feet, red birtmarkAt chin, black beard ???
Geocentric system
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Nicole d‘Oresme (1320 -1382)Heliocentric system
Jean Buridan (1295 - 1358)Prof. at Univ. ParisThought like OresmeBuridan‘s donkey, two heaps of hay.
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Nicolaus Copernikus (1473 - 1543)
1510: The foundations of his heliocentric system. 1543: De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
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Thomas Digges (1546 - 1595)1576: Infinite WorldBut there can be no movement of infinity and of an infinite body, and therefore no diurnal revolution of that vastest Primum mobile.
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William Gilbert (1544 - 1603)De mundo nostro sublunari (1651)
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Heinrich Olbers (1758 - 1840)
Astronomer and physician at Bremen
Olbers‘ paradox: Why is heaven dark at night?
Solid angle of a star ~ A/r2
Number of stars in spherical shell ~ r2rSolid angle covered by stars of a shell ~ Ar
r
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Expansion of the universe started 13,7 109 years agoage = 4,3 1017 s
Vesto Slipher (1875 - 1969) 36 of 41 galaxies move off of us.
Edwin Hubble (1889 - 1953)
1929: Expansion of the universe: Hubble-constant
Finite universe with Doppler-redshift
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George Gamow (1904 - 1968) 1949: predicted cosmic background radiationleft over from the big bang
Arno Penzias (1933) Robert Woodrow Wilson (1936)
1965: Discovery of cosmic background radiation
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2,7 KMaximum has = 1,1 mm375 photons / cm3
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Radius of the universum = 46.5109 lightyears
Volume of the universum = 1080 m3
1080 atoms
1088 photons
1080 m3 / (10-95 m)3
less than 10365 elementary cells
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