vii lessan plans - gen.science

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VII Class General Science Lesson Plans

Medium :: English

Bridge Course :: From 13.06.2011 To 22.06.2011Revision of VI Class Science Lessons & Various General Topics in Science.Day 1. Scientists & their Inventions.Day 2. What is Science? How did the early man lead his life?Day 3. Air & its Components / Elements & CompoundsDay 4. Our UniverseDay 5. Various Tools used in Agriculture.Day 6. Various Organ systems in our Body.Day 7. First AidDay 8. Plant & its parts.Day 9. Environment.

From 23.06.2011 To 25.06.2011 Unit - 1From 27.06.2011 To 28.06.2011 Unit - 2From 29.06.2011 To 30.06.2011 Revision of 1st & 2nd Units.


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Period No 1 of Lesson No. 1 .1 /Unit:

No 1 : Date: 23//06/2011 & Time:

Class:: VIISubject: General Science

Topic: IV, Housing & ClothingSubject:: Scientists and their

Contribution

Medium: English

Content Analysis/Concepts/

Sub-concepts

Activities indicating behavioural/Learning Out

comes

By Teacher By Pupils

Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-Students will get motivated to

listen the lesson.

Announcement of the topic:

Development of the topic:-

Contribution of Scientists tothe progress of Science:-

Early man is our first scientist.There is a lot of difference

1. Who areresponsible for ourcomfortable life?

2. Can you give thenames of someScientists you know?

Today we will takean interesting lessonScientists and theirContribution.

What is thedifference between thestone age man and

1.Scientists.

2. Alexander fleming,Louis Pasteur.

Students recall theknowledge and says thedifference.

Scientists and theircontribution.

Stone Age

Atomic Age

ExplanationMethod.

Who areresponsiblefor our

comfortablelife?


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between the stone age man andtodays man of Atomic age. Inthis age we have many modernmachines and we desire to getmore modernized implements.

500 B.C to 15th Century

Dark age:The period between 500 B.C to

15th century is known as Darkage.

During that period theprinciples and facts told and putforth by the scientists were not

believed because of Superstitionsand ignorance of the people.

Scientific knowledge:-From 16th century scientists

came forward and facedSuperstitions.

Continuous observation,research, extensive work andprocess of formulating facts gavelife to the scientific knowledge.

The Printing Machine

John Guten Burg:-The Printing machine is the

toadys man of Atomic age?

What is the Darkage? How did it getthat name?

When did Scientistscome forward andface Superstitions?

What is the process ofScientific knowledge?

In that age Sciencewas not developed due tothe principles and factstold by the Scientistswere not believedbecause of ignorance and

superstitions. Thatswhy it is called DarkAge.

16th Century onwards

Students know that process of Scientific

knowledge is continuousobservation, researchextensive work andformulating facts and it

500 B.C

Dark age

Superstitions

Ignorance

16th Century.

ExplanationMethod.

Explanation

What is theDark Age?

What is theuse of thePrintingmachine?


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reflection of his thoughts.Recording of scientificknowledge has become very easy.

Who invented thePrinting machine?

What is the use ofthe Printing machine?

leads to the discovery ofmany new things.

John Guten Burg.

Students understand thatPrinting machine isuseful for recording theScientific Knowledge.

Question andAnswermethod &lecture cumDemonstrationmethod.

Behavioural Changes expected and achieved:- There is a lot of difference between the man of stone age and the man of Atomic age. Today we are enjoying our lives with the help ofScience.

In Dark Age the people believed the Superstitions. Continuous observation for recording the Scientific knowledge the printingmachine is useful. It is discovered by John Guten Burg.

Assignment:-

1. What is Dark Age?2. Who invented the Printing machine?

Home Work:-

Prepare an Album of Scientists.


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No 1 : Date: 24/06/2011 & Time:



Contribution

Medium: English


Sub-concepts


comes


Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Invention of Microscopes:-Jackarins Jannssen (1590)

constructed the first compoundmicroscope. It is useful forSeeing very small disease causingorganisms which are not visibleto our naked eye. Anton vanLeeuwenhoek (1675) Observedthe unicellular organism in livingcondition, with the help ofmicroscope.

The teacher askssome questions on thetopic taught in theprevious class .

Who constructed thefirst compoundmicroscope?

What are the uses

of micro scope?

Pupils recollect theknowledge of yesterdayslesson and answer thequestions.

JackarinsJannssen.

Students understandthat after, invention of

microscope, it is usefulfor seeing very smallorganisms.

JackarinsJannssen

Show the photographsof Scientists.

Microscopeinstrument

ExplanationMethod.

What are theuses of Microscope?


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Electron Microscope:-Invention of electron

microscope by knoll and Ruska(1932) is useful for magnifying10 thousand times of cell and cellorganelles, also photograph themicroscopic organisms.

19th Century Robert

Koch:-A German Scientist Robert

Koch formulated the Symptomsand preventive measures of

Tuberculosis (T.B) and cholera.

Louis Pasteur:-Louis Pasteurs contribution in

the development of Bacteriologywas a great revolution in the fieldof Science. He discovered amedicine for Rabies- for dog bite in a Scientific method. He

discovered the process of pasteurization. He proved thatFermentation of grape juice iscaused by micro organisms. He also

proposed Microbe theory.

Who observed the bacterial cell for thefirst time in livingcondition?

What are uses of electron Microscope?

Who formulated the

symptoms and preventive measuresof Tuberculosis andcholera?

Write about thediscoveries of LouisPasteur?

Who discoveredMicrobe Theory?

Leeuwenhoek

It can magnify livingcell, cell organelles 10thousand times, and alsofor taking photographs ofmicroscopic organism.

Robert Koch.

Students know thediscoveries of louisPasteur and recognizethat pasteurisation isapplied even today indairy industry to preserve

milk.

Louis Pasteur

Photograph ofLeeuwen hoek

Photograph ofElectron Microscope.

Show the picture of

Rober koch.

T.B Cholera.

Show the photographof Louis Pasteur.

Louis Pasteur.

ExplanationMethod.

ExplanationMethod

What are theuses of ElectronMicroscope?

What is meantbyPasteurisation?


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Microbe theory:- The micro organisms are thecause for contagious diseases.

William Harvey:-

William Harvey proved thatblood circulation is necessary forthe functioning of heart. ButHarvey could not demonstratehow blood is collected in theheart.

Marcello Malpighi:-

Marcello Malpighi discovered

the process by which bloodreaches the heart.

What did WilliamHarvey discover?

What did Malpighidiscover?

Blood circulation isnecessary for thefunctioning of heart.

Students understand the

process by which bloodreaches the heart.

Show the

Photograph of

William Harvey.

Show the Photograph.of

Marcello Malpighi.

What is thedraw back ofHarveysinvention?

What did

Malpighidiscover?

Behavioural Changes expected and achieved:-After 17th century the Science developed abnormally because of the invention of Microscope. Microbiology also solves the problems.

Louis pasteurs inventions are useful for preserving the milk. Some industries like wine, Bevarages depend on pasteurs inventions only.

Assignment:-1. Who discovered the vaccination for Rabies?2. What is meant by pasteurization?3. What are the uses of electron microscope?

Home Work:-Note down the inventions taken place in 19th Century?


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No 1 : Date:25 /06/2011 & Time:



Contribution

Medium: English


Sub-concepts


comes


Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Indian Scientists:-Dhanvantari, Sustruta,

Charaka were regarded asDoctors, Scientists.

Acharya Nagarjunaproposed the theory of Rasa vadain Chemistry

The teacher asks somequestions on thetopics, taught in theprevious class.

Who wrote the bookCharaka Samhita?

Who proposed thetheory of Rasa vada.

Who formulatedAstronomical factsin India?

Pupils recollect theknowledge of previoustopic.

Charaka

Acharya Nagarjuna

Arya Bhat

Rasa Vada

Astronomical Facts. ExplanationMethod.

Whodeclared thetheory of Rasa Vada?


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Modern Indian Scientists:-Dr. Jagadeesh Chandra Bose:

Dr. J.C. Bose conducted severalexperiments on plants anddiscovered that plants have lifeand they exhibit feelings. Hediscovered Cresco Graph tofind out the growth of plants.

Sir C.V. Raman Light

Emission:-Sir C.V. Raman conducted

experiments on light andpublished the principle of Ramaneffect which explained the lightemission. For this he wasawarded the Noble Prize.

P.C. Roy & Meghanath

Saha:-

P.C. Roy conductedexperiments on Nitrates.Meghanath Saha

formulated the theory of Heatemission (Thermionic Emission).

What did Dr.J.C. Bosediscover about theplants?

What is the use ofCresco Graph?

Why was the Noble

prize awarded toSir.C.V. Raman?

Who conductedexperiments onNitrates?

Students realize that Dr.J.C Bose conductedseveral experiments onplants, and discovered the

plants have life andfeelings.

To find out the growthof plant.

Students know and

develop the interestthrough the C.V.Raman Light emission theory.

P.C. Roy

Show the photo graphof Dr. J.C. Bose.

Light Emission.

Nobel prize photo

graph of C.V.

Raman.

Photographs of P.C.Roy and MeghanathSaha.

ExplanationMethod.

ExplanationMethod

Whodiscoveredthat the plants have

life?

What is theuse of Cresco

Graph?

Write thePrinciple ofSir C.V.Raman?

Whoformulated

the theory ofHeatEmission?


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Dr. M.s. Swaminathan

Green Revolution:-M.S. Swaminathan was Indian

Agricultural Scientist. Hedeveloped high yielding varietiesof rice, wheat, Potato (Hybrids)and it is useful for overcomingthe shortage of food.

It is called Green Revolution.He was awarded many nationaland international prizes. Now he

is working as chief advisor forcentral agricultural committee.

Who discoveredthe Hibridisationtheory?

M.S. Swaminathan.

Students know theexperiments of M.S.Swaminathan helpedfor solving shortage offood problem with hybrid

varieties.

Photograph of M.S.Swaminathan

Hybrids.

Green Revolution

ExplanationMethod

What ismeant byGreenRevolution?

Behavioural Changes expected and achieved:-Students get knowledge of Indian Scientists and develop interest in Science Plants have life and they exhibit feelings.Students learn that the experiments of M.S. Swaminathan helped solving the problem of Shortage of food.

Assignment:-1. What is meant by Green Revolution?2. Who discovered the Cresco Graph?

Home Work:-1. Collect Photographs of Indian Scientists. Prepared By: B. Venkata Ramana T.G.T. B.S, Koduru2. Prepare the charts showing the contributions and the name of the Scientist. Coordinated By: T. Padmaja, Principal, Devapatla


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Unit 2Period No 1 of Lesson No. 2 . 1 /Unit:

No 2 : Date: 28/06/2011 & Time:


Topic: Triangulation MethodSubject:: General Science

Medium: English

Content Analysis/Concepts/ Sub-

concepts


comes


Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-


Today we are going to learnhow to measure very very longdistances, like width of a river, thedistance between two planets etc.

Triangulation Method:-

The method of measuringdistances by forming a triangle iscalled the triangulation method.

1. How are shortdistances measured?

2. How are long

distances measured?

3. What is used tomeasure the distancebetween two villages.

1. Measured with Scale

2. With measuring tape.

3. with the help of SurveyChains.

Scale

Tape

Survey Chain

Width of a river

Distance between tworivers.

Apparatus:-

Sheet of White paper,Toy, Pencil, Scale,

ExplanationMethod.

Define themethodtriangulation?


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Aim:-To find out the distance of an

object placed at a point in the classroom.

Procedure:- Place a sheet of white paperalong the edge of the desk. SayC is the toy and A is yourposition as shown in the figure.

Place a pencil at A on the paperand adjust its position, so that it isalong the line with the toy andyour eye. Draw a line with another

pencil in this direction on the whitepaper.

Repeat the experiment byplacing the pencil at the other endof the desk B and draw a line inthat direction also.

If you extend these two linesthey intersect at the point wherethe toy is present.

As the distances are long thepaper on the table is not sufficient

for this.We reduce the figure taking a

suitable scale and then find thedistance of the toy.

Activity:- ConsiderC is a toy placed at a

point in our classroom. Pencil is placedin the position A. It isalong the line with thetoy and our eye. Thendraw a line between Aand c.

Repeat theexperiment by placingthe pencil at the other

end of the desk B.Draw a line betweenB. and C.

How many points ofobservation arerequired to know theexact position of anobject?

We know that thedistances are long. The

paper on the table isnot sufficient.

We reduce the figure by taking a suitablescale and find the

Students observed theactivity carefully.

They express thecuriosity in doing theexperiment.

Students know thattwo points are requiredfor observation to knowthe object.

Students understandthat this paper is not

sufficient for longdistances.

Table.

Figure 01

1mtr = 100 cms

A and B.

Scale:-1 cm = 20 cm

100----- = 5 cm.20

ExplanationMethod.

How manyobservation

points requiredto know Theexact positionof an object?


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For example the distancebetween A and B is 1 metre. Wenow take a scale of 1 cm = 20 cm,and we can draw AB = 100/20 = 5

cm ( 1 metre = 100 cm).Draw straight lines AC from A

and BC from B. These straightlines are shown in figure -2 .

Keeping 5 cm distance betweenthe pointers of the divider, pointsA and B are marked on the lines.Join AB. now the triangleABC is formed.

Measure the length of AC andBC. Change this into the actualdistance of AC and BC bymultiplying the values by 20.

AC X 20 = AC ; BC X 20 =BC.

In this way the distance betweenany two points in the class roomcan be determined.

Uses:-The heights of hills, mountains,

temple towers, the width of rivers,

distance of stars are calculated bythis triangulation method.

distance. (For examplethe distance between Aand B is 5 mtrs. wenow take a scale of

1cm = 100 cm .what isthe distance betweenAB.)

We draw straight lineA1 C1 from A and BCfrom B.

By using 5 cm scale,distance between the points of the divider, points A1 and B1 aremarked and joined .The triangle A1 B1 C1is formed.

Now measure thelength of A1C1 andB1C1 change this intoactual distance of ACand BC.

A1C1 X 20 = ACB1C1 X 20 = BC

What are the uses oftraiangulation method?

500

AB = --------- = 5cm100

Students understand thedifferent scales, andanswer AB = 5 cms.

Students understandthe method and appliesthe knowledge tocalculate the distances.

Suitable Scale.

Figure 02

A1C1 X 20 = AC

B1C1 X 20 = BC

Explanationmethod.

What are the

uses of triangulationmethod?


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Behavioural Changes expected and achieved:-

By using triangulation method.

------ They are able to take the readings without paralox error.

------ They know how to take the Scales.

Assignment:-

1. What method is used to measure the distance between two planets?

2. What are the uses of triangulation method?

Home Work:-

Find out the width of a river.

Prepared By: B. Venkata Ramana T.G.T. B.S, Koduru

Coordinated By: T. Padmaja, Principal, Devapatla


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UNIT - III

Name of the Teacher ::

Name of the School ::

Class :: VII

General Aims :: 1. To Inculcate Scientific Attitude among the Students.2. To create Scientific ability and development of inner talents of the students.3. To develop of habiit of keen observation skills

Specific Aim :: The students understand and get complete knowledge about the topic.

Teaching method :: Lecture cum Demonstration Method and Question and Answer Method


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Objectives and SpecificationsObjectives Specifications

I. Cognitive domain:-

A.: Knowledge: Students will acquire the knowledge about Air,Water and Weather.

B.Understanding:- Students will understand the knowledge acquiredabout the Air, Water and Weather.

II.Psycho Motor Domain:-

C.Application:- Students will understand the knowledge about Air,Water and Weather and apply in unknown conditions.

D.Skills:- The Students will show their skill in applying the

knowledge and information gained in various topics in day to day life.

Recall: Students will recall the various aspects related to the Air,

Water and Weather.Recognise: Students will recognize the various aspects related to theAir, Water and Weather.1. Students will define the various terms like atmosphere, torricellianvacuum, Air pollution, Electrolysis, Temporary and permanenthardness of Water, Chlorination, Water pollution, wind, Rainfall,cyclone etc.

2. Students will explain about constituents of air, measurement ofatmospheric pressure, Factors causing for air and water pollution etc.

3. Students will describe the Construction of cistern barometer,electrolysis of water, Removal of hardness of water etc.

4. Students will classify the various terms like types of Hardness, intoTemporary and permanent, etc.

Analysis:- Students will analyse the various aspects related to Air,Water and Weather.Uses:- Students will use the information learned about Air, Water andWeather in day to day-life and also in further classes.

Student will show his skill in observing & doing the Measurement

of atmospheric pressure, electrolysis of water.Student will show his drawing skill in drawing diagrams of

electrolysis of Water, Cistern barometer etc.


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Period No 1 & 2 of Lesson No. /Unit:

No III : Date: 01/07/2011 & 02/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water & WeatherSubject::3.1, Atmosphere Composition

3.2, Uses of Different Constituents of Air.

Medium: English


Sub-concepts

Activities indicating behavioural/Learning

Out comes


Aids/Experiments to be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-Students will get ready to

listen the lesson.1. When is yourBirth day?

2. How do youcelebrate

OrHow do you

decorate your house?

3. What do you fillinside the balloon?

4. What is air?

5. Where is the air

present?

6. What isatmosphere?

1. On June 22nd.

2. I will cut the cake. Iwill decorate with

colour paper, balloonsetc.

3. Air.

4. It is a group ofgases.5 Air is present inatmosphere.

6.The air that is presentsurrounding us.

______

______

_____

_____

ExplanationMethod.

____

____


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Today we will discuss aboutthe atmosphere and itscomposition.

Presentation:- 01.07.2011

Atmosphere

Composition:-

Earths cover of gasses iscalled atmosphere.

It extends even upto 1000Kms from the surface.

Air is called a mixture.Oxygen and Nitrogen are themain constituents of air. Italso contains corbondioxide,helium, agron and Neon inlittle quaintly. The volume of

constituents of air varies fromplace to place. A largequantity of Co2 is less indense forests.

The proportion of

1. What isatmosphere?

2. How many

kilometers doesatmosphere extend?

3. What are the mainconstituents of air?

4. In what ratioOxygen and Nitrogen exist inatmosphere?5. What are the othergases that are presentin air?

6. Why air is called amixture?

7. In which places

the corbondioxide isfound in largequantities?

1. Earths cover ofgases is calledatmosphere.2. Atmosphere of earth

extends even upto1000 kms from itssurface..3. Oxygen andnitrogen are the mainconstituents of air.4. Oxygen and Nitrogen exists in l:4ratio in atmosphere.

5. Co2, Helium,Argon, Neon are someof the other gases thatare present in air.6. The constituents ofair lie side by side inatmosphere with outlosing their properties.That is why air iscalled a mixture.7. When fuel is ignited

carbondioxide isevolved.Co2 is found

more in industrialareas;

Light a candle & fix itin a tube. Pour water untila half of the candle is

drowned, place aninverted glass on the burning candle. Observehow much time thecandle burns. After theflame of candle goes offthe level of water raises.It shows that air containsO2 & N2 in the ratio 1 :4.

To demonstrate N2 & O2 -

Figures Jars

To demonstrate CO2 is

ExplanationMethod.

Explanation

Defineatmosphere.

What is theratio of O2 &N2 inatmosphere?

Name thevarious &

constitution ofair?

Air is a mixture Explain.


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Nitrogen is found less whereleguminous plants are inabundance.

The volume of water

vapour present in the air variesfrom place to place. It is highin sea coastal areas and low in plateau regions. Whentemperature is high volume ofwater vapour increases in air.

02/07/2011

Uses of different

Constituents of Air:-

1. Living organisms needOxygen for respiration.Absence of Oxygen leads tooccurance of death of livingcreatures.

2. In the presence of sun lightand water, plants use CO2 forthe process of photo synthesis.

3. Bacteria present in the rootnodules of legunous plantswhich take nitrogen from airand changes it into nitrates.

8. Name the placesof earths surfacewhere carbondioxideis evolved?

9. Why the amountof Carbondioxide isless in dense forests?

10. Why the amountof Nitrogen is lesswhere theleguminous plantsare in abundance?

11. How does the

volume of watervapour varies fromplace to place?

8. CO2 is evolved fromthe surface of the earthlike the Death Valleyin Java and Grotodel

cave in Naples.

9. Plants prepare foodby the process of photosynthesis usingcarbondixide, waterand sunlight. Thatswhy the amount ofCarbondioxide is lessis in dense forests.

10. The leguminousplants have nodules intheir root system.Bacteria present inthese root noduleschange the nitrogeninto the air into nitrateand supply it to theplants.11. The volume of watervapour present in air variesfrom place to place. It ishigh in the Sea costal areas.It is low in the plateau

regions.

present in air:-

Take lime water in achina dish. Place it in theair. A white layer is

formed on the lime water.So the CO2 in air isabsorbed by the limewater & calciumcarbonate layer isformed. Thisdemonstrates that aircontains CO2.

To demonstrate that

air contains water

vapour:-

We will observe that theouter side the glasscontaining ice pieces willturn opaque due to thecondensation of watervapour showing thepresence of water vapourin air.

Take anhydrous

copper sulphate crystaland place it in a watchglass in the air. Thecopper sulphate becomesblue because it has

Answer method &lecture cumDemonstrationmethod.

Name the places wherecarbondioxideis present in

largequantities.

Why plantsabsorb Co2 fromatmosphere?

How Nitrogenis fixed fromatmosphere onthe surface ofthe earth.

Explain how


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12. What is the useof Oxygen to livingOrganisms?

13. What is the useof Carbondioxide?

14. What is the useof Nitrogen?

15. What is the useof water vapour?

12. All living beings including acquatic animalsneed Oxygen for respiration. Absence of

Oxygen leads to death ofliving creatures. Thusoxygen is necessary forsustaining life in livingorganisms.

13. Plants prepareCarbohydrates with thehelp of carbondioxide

during photo synthesis.14. Leguminous plantshave nodules in theirroots. The bacteria

present in them usenitrogen and change itinto nitrates. Thesenitrates are utilized bythe plants in synthesis of

proteins.

15.The Water vapourchanges the temperatureof the atmosphere andhelps in rainfall.

absorbed water vapour inthe air.

Air is essential for animals to

live.

Figures Cocroaches

Plants need air to live

and grow:-

the volume ofwater vapourvaries fromplace to place.

Which is theuse of Oxygen?

How CO2 isused in thepreparation ofCarbohydrates?


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Recaptulation:-

Fill in the Blanks:-

1. The volume of __________________is more in air in industrial areas.2. when human and plant waste materials purified ________________is evolved.3. The volume of _______________is less in plateau regions.4. The proportion of ______________in air is found to be less where the leguminous plants are in abundance.5. In winter season mist and fog are formed due to the presence of ________________in air in excess.6. Earths cover of gasses is called.________________7. _____________and ______________are main constituents of air.8. Living Organisms need ______________for respiration.9. In the presence of sun-light and water, plants use _________________for making carbohydrates.10. Plants belonging to the family leguminosae have ________________on their roots.

11. The ______________take nitrogen from air and changes it into nitrates.12. The nitrates are utilized by the plants in synthesis of_________________.

Assignment:

Answer the following Questions:-

1. What is atmosphere?2. Why air is called a mixture?3. Name the various constituents of air?4. What are the uses of different constituents of air?

Behavioural Changes expected and achieved

Student will under stand and acquire knowledge about atmosphere, various constituents of air, uses of air.He will understand that Oxygen is necessary for all living Organisms.


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No III : Date: 04/07/2011 & 05/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water & WeatherSubject:: 3.3. Measurement of

Atmospheric presure

Medium: English

Content Analysis/Concepts/Sub-concepts

Activities indicating behavioral/Learning Outcomes


Aids/Experiments tobe

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-Students will get ready to listen

the lesson.

Announcement of the Topic:-Today we will learn about

Measurement of AtmosphericPressure.

1. What is air ?

2. Can you give theproperties of air?

3. What is pressure ?

1. What isatmosphericpressure?

1. Mixture of gases present surrounding theeart.

2. Air has weight .Airexerts pressure in alldirections.

3. Pressure means force.i.e. Air has weight, itexerts some pressure onearths surface which iscalled atmosphericpressure.

1.The Pressure exertedby air on earths surfaceis called atmosphericpressure.

______

______

_____

_____

ExplanationMethod.

____

____


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Presentation:-

Introduction:-

Air has weight. It exertspressure on earths surface. This

pressure is called atmosphericpressure. Barometer is used tomeasure the atmosphericpressure.

Concept:-1

Construction of CisternBarometer:-

Cistern Barometer is used foratmospheric pressure. Torricellidesigned it.

A thick walled glass tube ofone meter long, 1cm diameterwhich is closed at one end istaken. Mercury is poured intothe tube by leaving 2 to 3 cm ofspace in the tube. The tube ismoved up and down to removeair bubbles. The tube is placed ina trough containing mercury. Aportion of mercury in the tube

falls down into the trough.Mercury in the tube stands still ata certain height of centimeters.This mercury column is calledTorricellian vacume.

2. How do youmeasure atmosphericpressure?

3. Can you namesome varieties ofbarometer?

4. Who designedCistern Barometer?

5. Which type ofglass tube is taken forconstruction of aCistern barometer?6. What is pouredinto the tube?7. Why the tube ismoved up and down?8. Where is the tubeplaced?

9. What is mercurycolumn?

2. Atmospheric pressureis measured byBarometer.

3. Cistern barometer,Anaeroid barometer.

4. Torricelli, a scientistdesigned the Cisternbarometer.5. A thick walled glasstube of one meter long, 1cm diameter closed atone end is taken.6. Mercury is pouredinto the tube.7. To remove air bubbles.8. Tube is placed in atrough containingmercury.9. A portion of Mercuryin the tube falls into thetrough. The mercury in

the tube Stands still in acertain height which iscalled mercury column..

Thick walled glass

tube 2. Mercury.

Figure

Cisten Barometer.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

.

Defineatmosphericpressure.

What is aBarometer?

Who isTorricelli?

DefineMercuryColumn?


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The height of the mercurycolumn is nearly 76 cm. This iscalled normal atmosphericpressure.

Concept II:-

Pressure of Atmosphere atdifferent Altitudes:-

The height of mercury columnwill be high below the sea levelareas. At higher altitudes thepressure exerted by the air is less,hence the height of the mercurycolumn will be low.

10. what isToricellian vacuum?

11. What is normalatmosphericPressure?12. How isatmospheric pressuremeasured?

13. Why the height ofmercury is used inmeasuring theatmosphericpressure?

14. How does theatmospheric pressureis different atdifferent Altitudes?

10. Vacuum formedabove the surface ofmercury column iscalled Toricellian

vacuum.11.Normal atmosphereicpressure is 76 cm.of Hg

12. Atmosphericpressure is measured bymeasuring the height ofthe mercury column withthe help of scale fromthe level of mercury in atrough.13. The pressure exerted by the atmosphere onthe surface of mercury inthe trough is equal to the pressure exerted at thesame level in the tube.Because of this reasonthe height of mercury isused in measuring theatmospheric pressure.

14. At higher attitudesthe atmospheric pressureis low. Below the sealevel the atmosphericpressure is high.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

DefineTorricellianVaccum

What does76 cm of Hgindicates?

Mention theuses of Barometer?


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Uses of Barometer:-1. It shows atmospheric pressureof a particular place.

2. With the help of barometer wecan know the height of aparticular place from sea level.

3. Rain ,storm can be forecasted

with the help of atmosphericpressure.

15. How is barometeruseful to know theheight of a place fromsea level?

16. How does forecast of storm donewith a barometer?17. why is mercuryused in a barometer?

18. Why is water notused in a barometer?

15. For every 272.7meters of height fromthe sea level 2.54centimetrs of pressure

decreases.For every 272.7

meteres of depth fromthe sea level 2.54 cm ofpressure increases.16. By sudden fall in theheight of mercurycolumn.17. A short length ofmercury can counter balance the normalatmospheric pressure.

It does not vaporiseunder vacuumconditions. It does notwet glass.18. 10.34 m of watercolumn can support theatmospheric pressure;

It is difficult to havea tube of that length.

Water vaporises undervacuum contitions.

Question&answers Method

How doesforecast of

rain &storm donewith aBarometer?

Whichliquid isused inBarometer?


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Recapitulation:-

1. ______________ scientist designed cistern barometer.

2. Height of mercury column near the sea level is usually ____________cms.3. Vacuum in the barometer is called ________________vacuum.

4. ______________is used to find the atmospheric pressure.

5. At higher altitudes pressure exerted by air is ________________.

6. The height of a particular place from the sea level is known with the help of a _____________.

Assignment:-1. What is atmospheric pressure?

2. Draw a neat sketch of cistern barometer Name its parts.

3. Describe the construction of cistern Barometer.

4. What are the uses of cistern Barometer?

Expected Learning behaviour achieved

Student is able is define the term atmospheric pressure.

He describes the construction of cistern barometer and develops skill in doing experiment and by drawng the diagram. He will come to know

that atmospheric pressuer is 76 cm of Hg.


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Period No 4 of Lesson No. /Unit:

No III : Date: 06/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, PollutionSubject:: Factors causing air

pollution.

Medium: English


Activities indicating behavioural/LearningOut comes



done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-Students will get ready to

listen the lesson.1. In our school,kitchen, which typeof fuel is used forcooking?

2. What is evolved iffire wood is burnt?

3. Is it comfortablefor cooking with firewood?4. Why?

5. Where does the

smoke coming fromfire wood goes?

1. Fire wood.

2. Light & smoke.

3. No.

4. Smoke will cause burning sensation in eyes,it causes irritation, cough

in throat.

5. Smoke goes intoatmosphere causingpollution.

______

______

_____

_____

____

____


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Announcement of the Topic:-

Today we will discuss aboutthe Factors causing airpollution.

Presentation:-

Introduction:-Existence of harmful

substances in the atmospherecauses pollution. The existenceof substances which are notsuitable to the atmosphere inimproper ratioo, in improperseasons are called polluting

substances Atmosphere ispolluted by dust, smoke,carbondixide, Nitrogen oxide,Sulphurdioxide and bad odourgas.

Factors causing air Pollution:-

1. Conbustion of fuels.2. Deforestation.3. Emission of gases by

vehicles.4. Industrialisation.5. Methods of Cultivation.6. Atomic explosion and its

1. What is pollution?

2. What are pollutingsubstances?

3. What is air pollution?

4. How combustionof fuels isresponsible for airpollution?

5. What isdeforestation?6. How deforestationcauses pollution?

7. Name some gasesemitted by vehicles?

1. Student will define thepollution as existence ofharmful substances inatmosphere.

2. Students define the polluting substances asharmful substancespresent in atmosphere.

3. Presence of solid,liquid & gaseoussubstances present inhigher volumes in air.

4. Combustion of fuelslike charcoal, kerosene,Diesel, petrol, firewood.Which releases CO2.

5. Cutting down of treesis forest.6. De forestation causesdecrease in volume ofOxygen.7. Vehicles emitscorbonmonoxide, Nitricoxide, sulphurdioxide and compoundsof lead.

Charts showing airpollution

Dust rising from roads

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question and

Answer

Method..

Define

Pollution

DefinePollutionSubstances.

Define airPollution.


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malady7. Sound pollution..

8. Name the pollutingsubstances releasedby Factories?

9. Mention thepolluted substance inatomic explosions?

10 How aeroplanescause pollution?

8. Factories releaseharmful gases, dustsmoke, soot etc.

9. Strontium 90 is thepolluted substance.

10. Aeroplanes releasecarbon compounds andfluoro carbons whichdestroys Ozone layer.

Smoke from factories

and vehicles

Dust particles rising

from a stone crusher

.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&answers

Method

Mentionthe factorscausing airPollution.


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Recapitulation:-

1. Existence of harmful substances in the atmosphere causes______________________.

2. Decrease in the area of forests causes decrease the volume of ___________________.

3. The Pollutant substance formed in the atomic explosion is ______________________.

4. Sound pollution causes _________________.

5. _______________ destroys Ozone layer.

Assignment:-1. What is meant by air Pollution?

2. Mention the Various factors causing air Pollution?

3. What is meant by Polluting Substances?

Expected learning behaviour Achieved:-

He is able to define the terms Pollution, air Pollution, Polluting substances etc.

He is able to recognize and understand the various factors causing Pollution.


31/201


No III : Date: 07/07/2011 & 08/07/2011 &Time:


Topic: III, Air, PollutionSubject:: Controlling & Effects

of Air Pollution

Medium: English


Activities indicating behavioural/Learning Outcomes



done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-Students will get Motivated to

listen the lesson.


Now we will learn about the

topic controlling methods forair pollution and effects of airpollution.

Continuation of

previous lesson:-

The teacher will

ask questions from

previous lessons.

1. What is air pollution?

2. What arepollutants?

3. Mention the factorscausing air pollution?

1. Existance of harmful,unwanted substances inair.

2. Solid, liquid &gaseous substanceswhich are harmful to airare called pollutants.

3. Combustion of fuels,deforestation, emission

of gases by vehicles,industrialization,methods of cultivationetc.

______

______

_____

_____

____

____


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Presentation:-

Controlling methods of airpollution:-

1. By checking the emission ofsmoke from motor vehicles.

2. By controlling emission ofsmoke from factories.

3. By using devices which filterthe agents causing the pollution.

4. Re forestation methods.

5. controlling the usage ofpesticides, fertilizers etc.

6. Controlling the usage ofpesticides, fertilizes etc.

Effects of air pollution:-

1. Carbondioxide causes

difficulty in breathing, increasestemperature of earth.

2. Sulphurdioxide headache,mental disorder.

1. Mention fewcontrolling methodsto reduce air

pollution?

2. How can we prevent air pollutionin our kitchens?

3. How can we prevent smokecoming fromindustries causingpollution?4. What ill effects arecaused due tocarbondioxide?

5. What are the bad

effects of sulphurdioxide?

1. Controlling theemission of gasesthrough factories,

encouraging thereforestation, controllingthe spread of dustparticles are the methodsto reduce air pollution.

2. Smokeless ovens also prevent air pollution inour houses.

3. By filtering the

poisonous substancesand by using longchimney for releasingsmoke

4. Carbondioxide causesdifficulty in breathing. Itincreases the temperatureof earth.5. Sulpher dioxide

causes breathlessness inhumanbeings andanimals.

It destroys plants,chlorophyll in plant

Smoke less ovenscan be used inKitchens.

Because of airpollution trees houses& historical buildingsare turning black.

By burning fossilfuels like petrolsulphur related gases

are released whichcauses acid rains.

Because ofChloropflourocarbonsOzone layer is

damaged.

Because of dustparticles, we get lessyield from crops.

Lecture cum

Demonstrationmethod.

&

Question and

Answer

Method..

Solar Car

Figure

.

What arethe stepstaken to

control theairpollution?

Mentionthe harmful effectsof air pollution.


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3. Carbon monoxide destroyschlorophyll, in plant leaves.

4. Zinc, Chromium, lead causes.

Skin diseases, asthama andother allergies.

5. Strontium 90 causes cancer.

6. Chloro Floro Carboncompounds causes damage toOzone layer.

7. Sound pollution causesdeafness & affects central

Nervous system.

6. What is the damagecaused by chloroflorocarbon compounds?

7. What is the effectof strontium 90?

8. What are the badeffects of Zinc,Chromium & lead?

leaves.6. It destroys Ozonelayer.

7. Causes Cancer.

8. Causes skin diseases,asthama and other allergies.

Tajmahal & The Qutub

Minar Figures

The Taj Mahal & TheQutub Minar which arevery ancient buildings,have lost their naturalcolour because of the air

pollution.

Moth Figures

In eighteenth century, because of theindustrial revolution inBritain the Moths(insects) Changed from

white to black. Thesurrounding trees and

buildings also turned toblack.

lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers Method

How areacid rainsformed?

.


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Recapitulation:-1. ________________destroys chlorophyll in plant leaves.

2. Carbondioxide as a pollutant causes._____________.3. Sound pollution causes._________________.

4. ________________Causes cancer.

5. Reforestation method decreases ________________pollution.

Assignment:-

Answer the following Questions.

1. Mention few controlling methods to reduce air pollution?2. Mention the harmful effects of air pollution?

Behavioural changes expected and achieved

He will understand the various controlling methods of air pollution.

He will develop thinking skill towards the controlling methods of air pollution.

He will understand the various harmful effects of air pollution.


35/201


No III : Date: 09/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air and WeatherSubject:: Volumetric Composition

of Water

Medium: English





done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation


listen the lesson.


Now we will learn about the

Volumetric composition ofWater where heat energy isused to decompose water.

1. What happens ifyou sprinkle saltwater on a frying pan? i.e. water andsalt are decomposedi.e. separated. Forthis heat energy isused.2. Are you havingelectric water heaterin your house?3. What is the use ofit?4. What type of energy is used forheating water?

1. Water evaporates andsalt remains on pan.

2. Yes.

3. It heats the water.

4. Electrical energy.i.e. in order to heat asubstance & decomposeit, we require some

energy like heat orelectrical or lightenergy.

______

______

_____

_____

____

____


36/201

Presentation:-

Electrolysis:- If electricity is used fordecomposing a substance is

called Electrolysis.When electricity is passed

through acidic water, itdecomposes into oxygen andhydrogen gases. A little saltwater or a little alkali is added towater for easy conduction ofelectricity.

Electrolysis of Water:-

Acidic water is poured involtmeter, two test tubes filledwith Acidic water are invertedover two iron nails, which arecalled electrodes. Electrodes areconnected to positive andnegative terminals of a battery.Gasses are formed in two testtubes.

Testing the gases formed in

test tubeA glowing splinter is

introduced into the test tubewhich has less gas. The splinter

1. What happens to asubstance when it isheated?

2. What is needed fordecomposing asubstance?

3. What isElectrolysis?

4. When is water

decomposed intogases?

5. How do you makewater for easyconduction of electricity?

6. What is the test forthe presence of Oxygen?

1. When a substance isheated, it decomposes.

2. The student recallsthat energy is neededfor decomposing asubstance

3. If electricity is usedfor .decomposing asubstance it is calledElectrolysis.

4. When electricity is

passed through acidicwater, it decomposesinto Oxygen andHydrogen gases.

5. Water is a badconductor of electricity.A little salt or a littlealkali is added to waterfor easy conduction ofelectricity.

6. A glowing splinter burns brilliantly inOxygen.

Electrolysis of Water

Some interesting

things.

Water exists in threeforms.

Solid: Ice & Snow.Liquid: Ordinary

water.

Gas: Water Vapours.

22nd March is world

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question andAnswer

Method..

DefineElectrolysis.

DefineElectrolysisof Water.

How can weidentify thegases formedin the testtube duringelectrolysis ofwater?


37/201

burns brilliantly indicating thegas formed is oxygen.

Another glowingsplinter is introduced into the

test tube which has moreamount of gas. The splinter isput out with a pop sound.

The gas burns with blueflame. The gas formed isHydrogen.

Water is formed throughcombination of hydrogen andOxygen in certain ratio. This iscalled composition of watercomposition of elements in

certain volumes is known asvolumetric composition.

7. What is the test forthe presence of Hydrogen?

8. what do you mean by electrolysis ofwater?

9. What iscomposition of water?

10. What is meant byvolumetriccomposition?

11. What is thevolumetriccomposition of water?

7. A burning splinter is put off in Hydrogenwith a pop sound. Thegas burns with a blue

flame.8. Sending electricitythrough water anddecomposing intoOxygen and Hydrogenis called electrolysis.

9. Water is formed bythe combination ofHydrogen and Oxygen.This combination

occurs in a certain fixedratio. This is called thecomposition of water.

10. composition ofelements in certainvolumes is known asvolumetric composition.

11. Two volumes ofHydrogen and onevolume of Oxygencompose two volumesof water.

Water day.

50 litres of water isthe daily requirementfor an individual,according to therecommendations ofunited nations.

.

lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answersMethod

What are the properties ofHydrogen?

What are the properties ofOxygen?

Definevolumetriccompositionof water.

How water isformed?


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12. How Hydrogenand Oxygen unite to

form water?

2 H2 + O2 -- 2H2o.

12. Hydrogen andOxygen unite in a fixed

ratio and form water.

What is itscomposition?..

Recapitulation:-

Fill in the Blanks:-

1. Electricity is used for decomposing a substance. It is called _______________________.2.. To make water a good conductor _____________________is added.3. ______________helps burning splinter.

4. 2H2 + O2 -- ______________.

5. Hydrogen burns in air with a _________________flame.6. _________and __________are formed on electrolysis of water.

Assignment :-

Answer the following Questions:-

1. Describe the Experiment of electrolysis of water.2. A neat labelled diagram of the apparatus showing the electrolysis of water.

Behavioural changes expected and achieved :-

Student develop experiments of water.Develop skill in drawing diagram, under the volumetric composition of water.


39/201


No III : Date: 11/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water, WeatherSubject::3.6Hardness of Water

Medium: English


Sub-concepts


Out comes


Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation


listen the lesson.


Today we will know about theHardness of water in which wewill come to know about its typesalso.

1. What type of wateris available for drinking in our Hostel?

2. Is Bore water sweat or salty?

3. How do you feelwhen you take bathwith this salt water?

4. If you wash yourclothes with saltwater whether the

dirt is removedeasily?5. What is the taste ofmunicipal water

1. Bore Water.

2. Salty.

3. We will observe soapresidue on our skin.

4. No, dirt is notremoved easily. Somuch soap is wasted.

5. It is sweet in taste.

_____

_____

____

____


40/201

Presentation:-Types of Water:-

Water is of two types.a) Hard water b) Soft Water.

Type of water is found out withsoap.

Soft water gives lather veryquickly with soap.

Hard water does not givelather quickly with soap.

Types of Hardness of water:-

Hardness of water is of twotypes.

Temporary and permanenthardness of water.

Temporary hardness of water isdue to the presence ofbicarbonates of calcium andMagnesium in water. Presence ofsulphates and chlorides ofcalcium and magnesium in watercauses permanent hardness to

water.

coming from taps?i.e. the Bore water

contains more salt soit is salty and is

mostly not preferredto use. This type ofwater is hard water.The water that tastessweet is called softwater.

1. How many typesof water are there ?Name them.

2. How the type ofwater is found out?

3 How can we findout soft water?

4. How can we findout hard water?

5. Why usage of hardwater is notpreferred?

1. Water is of two types.

a). Hard waterb) Soft water

2. Type of water is foundout with soap.

3. Soft water gives lathervery quickly with soap.

4. Hard water does notgive lather quickly withsoap.5. If we use hard water.

1) Much soap iswashed

2) Scales are formedon the vessels used for

Water collectedform bore well, tapand a well,

Observe reactions ofsoap with thesewaters.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question and

Answer

Method..

Define

Hardwater.

Definesoftwater.

How hardWater isfound.?

How softwater isfound.?


41/201

6. How many typesof Hardness of wateris known? What are

they?

7. Why doestemporary hardnessoccur to water?

8. Why does

permanent hardnessoccur to water?

9. Why is a residueformed when hardwater is treated withsoap?

boiling this water.6. Hardness of water isof two types.

1) Temporary Hard

water2) Permanent Hard

water

7. Temporary hardnessto water occurs due tothe presence of bicarbonates of calciumand Magnesium in water.

8. Permanent hardness to

water Occurss due to the presence of sulphatesand chlorides of calciumand magnesium withwater.

9. The salts of hardwaterand sodium stearite insoap, reacts with eachother and forms aresidue.

.

lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&answers

Method

Name thetypes ofHardness

of water.

Definetemporaryhardness

DefinePermanentHardness.


42/201

Reacapitulation:-

1. When Magnesium bicarbonate is dissolved in water ________________________ hardness occurs.

2. Water having permanent hardness contains ________________________of calcium and Magnesium.

3. Water which does not give lather with soap is called._____________________.

4. Water which readily gives lather with soap is ______________________water.

5. The presence of sulphates in water causes _________________________ hardness to water.

Assignment:-

1. Name the types of hardness of water and describe the reasons for it.

2. How are soft and hard water identified.

Behavioural changes expected and achieved:-

Students will classify the hardness of water into different types.

By doing experiments he will come to know the type of water.


43/201


No III : Date: 12/07/2011 & 13.07.2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water, WeatherSubject::3.6Hardness of Water

Medium: English


Sub-concepts


comes


Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation


listen the lesson.

Announcement of the Topic:-To day we will learn how

Hardness of water is removed.

Continuation of the

previous lesson.

1. How many types ofwater is known?What are they?

2. How many types ofHardness of water isknown? What arethey?

3. How can we findout hard water?

4. How can we findout soft water?

1. Two types.1. Soft water.2. Hard Water.

2. Two types.

1. Temporary hardness.2. :Permanent hardness.

3. Hard water does notgive lather quickly withsoap.4. Soft water gives lathervery quickly with soap.

_____

_____

____

____


44/201

Presentation:-Removal of Hardness:-:-

Temporary hardness can beremoved by 3 Methods.

1). By Boiling2). Clarks Method3. By Mixing with washing soda.

By Bioling:- By boilingwater the bicarbonates ofcalcium and Magnesium aredecomposed into Carbonates.

Clarks Method:- Hard water is

mixed with slaked lime . Thebicarbonates present in the waterare changed into carbonates.

By mixing with washing soda:-

Temporary hardness of water canbe removed by mixing washingsoda to water.

Types of Modern Processes for

removal of PermanentHardness:-Hardness of water can be

removed.

1. Mention themethods of removingthe temporaryhardness of water?

2. How can temporaryhardness be removedby boiling?

3. How can temporaryhardness can beremoved by clarksmethod?

4. Write the chemicalequation for removingtemporary hardness ofwater by mixingwashing soda in it.

1. Temporary hardnesscan be removed by

1. by boiling

2. Clarks Method.3. By mixing withwashing soda.

2. By boiling water the bicarbonates of Calciumand magnesium aredecomposed intocarbonates.

Ca (Hco3)2 --- CaCo3

+ H2o + Co2

Mg (Hco3)2 -- Mgco3+ H2o + Co2

3. Hard water is mixedwith slaked lime, the bicarbonates present inthe water are changedinto carbonates.

Ca(Hco3) + Ca (OH)2- 2CaCo3+2H2o.Mg(Hco3)2 + Ca

(OH)2-- CaCo3 +

Permutite Process

Ion ExchangeProcess

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question and

AnswerMethod..

Name themethods ofremoving

temporaryhardness ofwater.

Explainclarksmethod


45/201

1. Permutit process2. Exchange Ions process.

1. Permutit Process:- Sodiumpermutit is filled in thecylindrical tube and hard water isallowed to flow abovecylindrical tube. The chloridesand sulphides of calcium andmagnesium are changed intopermutits & soft water isobtained at the bottom.

2. By exchange of Ions:- Hard

water contains Ions of calcium &Magnesium, Sulphate &chloride. By displacement ofpositive ion H+ with Negativeions OH- the hardness of watercan be removed.

5. Mention the typesof modern processesfor removal of permanent hardness?

6. Explain the permutite process ofremoval of permanant

hardness of water?

7. Explain theexchange of ionsmethod for removing permanent hardnessof water?

Mgco3 + 2H20.Ca (Hco3)2 + Na2Co3-

Caco3 + 2 NaHco3

CaSo4 + Na2Co3-CaCo3 + Na2So4.

5. Permanent hardness ofwater can be removedby.1. Permutite process.2. Exchange of Ionsprocess.6. Sodium permutit isfilled in the cylindrical

tube & hard water isallowed to flow abovethe tube. The chloridesand sulphides of calciumand magnesium arechanged into permutites.7. Hard water containsions of calcium andmagnesium, Sulphateand chloride. By

displacement of positiveion H+ with negativeions OH- the hardness ofwater can be removed.

.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers

Method

Explain the process ofpermutite.

ExplainExchangeof ionsprocess.


46/201

Recapitulation:-1. _______________ is called washing soda.

2. Calcium sulphate is represented with_______________

3. The formula of calcium bicarbonate is _____________.4. Permutite process is for removing _________________water.

5. Slaked lime is ________________.

Assignment:-

1. Write the chemical equations for removing temporary hardness of water by mixing washing soda in it?

2. Describe the exchange of ions method.

3. Draw a Neat labelled diagram of exchange of ions and permutite process.

Behavioural changes expected and achieved.

He will develop experimental skills by doing experiments.

He will develop drawing skill.


47/201


No III : Date: 14/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water, WeatherSubject::3.7Drinking Water

Supply of pure water.

Medium: English

Content Analysis/Concepts/ Sub-concepts




done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation


listen the lesson.

1. What are the usesof Water?

2. Already you knowthat water is of two

types? What arethey?

i.e. salts arepresent in hard waterwhich is useful toplants.3. Which type ofwater you will drink?

4. Why do we drinkonly cleaned waternot un cleanedwater?

1. Water is used forcooking, bathing,cleaning, washingclothes.

2. Soft water, Hardwater.

3. Cleaned water orfiltered water. Etc.

4. Because dirt, diseasecausing germs are present in uncleanwater.

i.e. the water we use

_____

_____

____

____


48/201


To day we will learn about thelesson Drinking water -supply ofpure water.

Presentation:-

Introduction:-Water is used for cooking,

cleaning and washing .Salts of theearth dissolve in the rain water onthe earth. Sewage water containsmud and other dirty things.

Process of Purification of

water:-It is done in three stages.

1. Preservation.2. Cleaning.

3. Supply.

I. Reservoir is used forpreservation.

5. In your villagewho will supplycleaned water?

Like in town wateris purified by theGovernment i.e.Municipal agenciesand supplied to thepeople.

1. Water are the usesof water?

2. What happenswhen water goes intoearth?Or

3. What happens tothe rain water whenit falls on earth?4. What will growmore in well water?

should be cleaned.5. Gram panchayat willsupply cleaned water.

1. Water is used forcooking, cleaning andwashing. It is a goodsolvent.2. When water goes intoearth several saltsdissolve in it.

3. Dust and dirt on earthmix with water.

4. Microbes of cholera,and Typhoid growmore in the well water.

Drinking water supply

of pure water.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question andAnswer

Method..

Mention theuses of water.

How doesrain waterbecomesdirty onearth?


49/201

II. Water is filtered in beds.Chlorination, aeration are done towater.

III. Clean water is supplied tohouses, schools, hospitals, officesand factories through pipes.

Put a tick ( _/ ) mark on the

correct way of using drinking

water.

5. What is meant bycleaning of water?

6. What are thedifferent stages ofpurifying water?

7. Where is waterpreserved?

8. Which water is

collected inreservoir?

9. What is removedfrom water inreservoir?

10. What is cleaning?

11. What ischlorination?

5. Removal of dissolveddirt particles and bacteria is calledcleaning of water.

6. 1. Preservation.2. Cleaning.3. Supply.Are the three stages of

purifying water.

7. Water is preserved inreservoirs.

8. Rain water is

collected in reservoir.

9. Heavy particles anddirt go down to thebottom of the water.

10. Cleaning is thesecond stage wherewater is filtered in thefilter beds. Light particles floating onwater are removed.11. Sending of chlorinegas into the water is

.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers

Method

Definepurificationof water.

Explain

aboutreservoir.

ExplainCleaning.


50/201

12. Why is chlorinesent into water?

13. What is aeration?Why it is done?

14. How is watersupplied?

15. What is purification of Water?

called chlorination.12. For eradication ofbacteria.

13. Aeration is themethod where water ispumped into the air inthe shape of snow.

It is also used forremoval of bacteria.

14. Water is supplied tohouses, schools,hospitals, offices and

factories through pipes.

15. Removal of dissolved dirt and bacteria is calledPurification of water.

How sea water is

purified.

Take some water ina vesse.l. Add 3

spoons of salt .Wateris boiled & steamcomes out. Plate isplaced in the path ofthe steam. Steamchanges into drops ofwater on the plate andsalt remains at thebottom of the vessel.

A similar method isused to change the seawater into fresh water.

Lecture cum

Demonstrationmethod.

Question

&

answers

Method

Who supplythe water intowns?

Who supplythe water invillages?

Definechlorination

DefineAeration.


51/201

Recapitulation:-

Fill in the blanks:-1. In Industries water is used because it is a good._______________.

2. When rain water flows on the earth, it becomes______________.

3. Microbes of Cholera and Typhoid grow more in the _________________ water.

4. If we drink un clean water we may fall ______________________.

5. For water preservation ___________________________is used.

6. Water in the reservoir is generally___________________.

Assignment:-

Answer the following Question:-

1. Explain the three stages of purifying water.2. Why should the water we use be clean?3. What is chlorination?4. What is purification of water?


Student will gain knowledge and understand about how water is purified.He will come to know how water is purified, advantage of drinking pure water.He recognizes various devices used as water filters.


52/201


No III : Date: 15/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water, WeatherSubject::3.8Water Pollution

Medium: English

Content Analysis/Concepts/ Sub-

concepts


Out comes


Aids/Experiments to

be

done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation


listen the lesson.

Announcement of the Topic:-Today we will discuss the

lesson Water Pollution.

Already youhave learnt about

air pollution.

1. Can any body tellwhat is airpollution?

2. How air getspolluted?

In the samemanner water willalso get polluted.

3. Can any bodydefine water

pollution?

1. The Presence ofharmful substancesmore than in required

quantities in air.

2. By some poisons &harmful substances.

3. Presence of harmfulsubstances in water.

_____

_____

____

____


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Presentation:- Water Pollution:-

Excessive and undesirable wastespresent in water lead to water

pollution.Consumption of such polluted

water may lead to life hazards.

Causes for water pollution:-

Natural contamination.Indiscriminate activities of man

and agro industrial wastes.Atomic Reactors.

Measures for preventing water

Pollution:-

1. Purify the wastes before sendingthem into lakes & rivers.

2. Proper usage of drainage.3. Proper use of composts.4. Marine organic plants must beremoved from pure water lakes.5. Careful use of water.

1. What is theimportance ofwater?

2. What is thefunction of water inhuman beings?

3. What is meant bywater pollution?

4. What are thesources of water?

5. What are thecauses for waterpollution?

6. What are the

natural causes forwater pollution?

1. Water is essentialfor existence of life.

2. Water is animportant source tocarry out the metabolicand excretoryactivities.

3. Excessive andundesirable wastespresent in water lead towater pollution.

4. Rivers, lakes, tanks,wells and springs arethe sources of water.

5. 1. Natural.2. Indiscriminate

activities of man.Atomic reactors.Agricultural wastes.

6. Use of water for

washing, bathing ofanimals are the naturalcauses.

If one drinkswater contains a lot offluorine, he will getFlourosis.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question and

AnswerMethod..

Define

waterpollution.

Mentionthe causesfor waterpollution.


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Waste materials from houses,

factories and agricultural farms

7. Mention theindiscriminateactivities of mancausing water

pollution?

8. What are theeffects ofagricultural waste inwater?

9. Why do fish insome ponds die?Given reasons?

7. Industriallydischarged wastes maycontain poisonouschemicals.

The chemicals inwater may cause water pollution.

8. In agriculture thereis excessive use offungicide & pesticide.They become cause ofwater pollution in ruralareas.

9. Fish live with theOxygen dissolved inwater.

Due to acid rainsfish die in some ponds.

Due to chemicalsin polluted water the plants grown in pondswhich absorb thedissolved Oxygen andas a result die due to

shortage of Oxygen.

Water is collected

from tank, tap, well

water we drink and

examine under

sunlight or with ahand lense & record

your results.

.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers

Method

MentiontheMeasures

forpreventingwaterpollution.

Namesomenaturalcauses forwaterpollution.


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10. How is waterbecoming fatal tomarine life?

11. Mention thesteps taken toprevent waterpollution?

12. Name somediseases caused bydrinking pollutedwater?

10. Water dischargedfrom the atomicreactors into sea watermay be fatal to marine

life.11. 1. To purify thewastes before leavingwater into lakes, ponds& rivers.

2. Proper usage ofdrain.

3. Proper use ofcomposts.

4. Marine Organic plants must be

removed from purewater lakes.

12. Diarrhea, Cholera,Typhoid, Jaundice,Polio, Malaria, Denguefever.

River Ganga is very

badly polluted.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers

Method


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Recapitulation:- Fill in the Blanks:-1. Water is essential for the existence of __________________________.

2. consumption of polluted water leads to ________________________ hazards.

3. Agro industry uses excessive of ______________________________

4. Proper use of composts prevents______________________________

5. Wastes discharged from atomic reactors to the water may be fatal to _____________.

Assignment:-

Answer the following Questions;_

1. Define water pollution?

2. What are the causes for water pollution?

3. What steps are to be taken for prevention of water pollution?


Student will gain knowledge and understands the various aspects of water pollution.

He will recognize the harmful effects of water pollution.

By knowing all these things, he will educate the people not to pollute water.


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No III : Date: 16/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: III, Air, Water, WeatherSubject::3.9Wind, Rainfall,

Cyclone & Crops

Medium: English





done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

Motivation:-Students gets motivated to

listen the lesson.

Announcement of the topic:-

Now we will learn about wind,Rainfall, cyclone & crops.

1. What are thesources of water?

2. Where do we getwater in the Rivers,Lakes, Ponds etc?

3. What is air?

4. If air blowsspeedily, then what isit called?

i.e air blowing orflowing from oneplace to another placeis wind.

1. Rivers, Lakes, Wells,Ponds etc.

2. From Rain, snow, fogetc.

3. Air is a mixture ofgases present in theatmosphere.

4. Wind.

_____

_____

____

____


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Presentation:-

Wind:- Wind is defined as theair that flows from areas ofhigher pressure to areas of lower

pressure. Wind may also becalled breeze. Wind is of 3types.

Types of Wind:

1. Global.2. Regional3. Mansoon (Trade winds).

Rainfall:- As the air cools,water vapour liquefies into tinywater droplets. On furthercooling these droplets form rain.

Humidity:- Atmosphereconsisting of water vapour isknown as humidity.

Rainguage:- It is used tomeasure rainfall.

Cyclones:- The flow of galesfrom denser to rarer regionsaccompanying the rain is called a

1. What is Wind?

2. Name the types ofWind?

3. How is thedifference in pressuredeveloped for themovement of air?

4. Explain why holesare made in hangingbanners and

hoardings?

1. Wind is defined as theair that flows from areasof higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.

2. GlobalRegional

Mansoon or Tradewinds.

3. Air pressure occursaccording to differencein temperature.

When air gets heatedin the atmosphere, itexpands resulting in

lowering its density.This air has low pressure. Thus thedifferences intemperature causesdifference in pressure forthe movement of air.

4. Holes are made togive a safe passage ofair. Air has pressure. If

no holes are made thepressure of this passingair cause damage tothem.

Wind wane which is

used to find direction

of Wind

The Water Cycle

Rain Guage

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

&

Question andAnswer

Method..

DefineWinds.

Mention theVarioustypes of Wind.

How waterreaches theearth fromatmosphere?


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cyclone. 5. How are tiny water droplets, rain and hailstones formed?

6. What is watercycle?

7. How rainfall ismeasured?

8. How are galesformed?

9. When are galesformed?

10. Why doescyclone form?

5. Air contains water andwater vapour.

As the temperatureincreases the quantity of

water vapour in airincreases.

6. The movement ofwater between earth,atmosphere and ocean iscalled water cycle.

7. The rain guage is usedto measure rainfall.

8. Gales are formeddepending on the acutedifference in air pressurein the areas concerned.

9. The difference in air pressures in theconcerned areas are veryhigh. Then the gales areformed.

10. Gales flow fromdenser to rarer regionsaccompanying the rain.This forms the cyclone.

.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers

Method

Definewater cycle.

What is theuse of Rainguage.

DefineGales.

Define

Cyclone.


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11. What are theother names ofCyclones?

12. What is the havoccaused by Cyclones?

13. Name twotechnologies whichhelp in weather forecast?

11. Cyclones are calledas:-

a) Hurricanes in unitedstates of America.

b) Typhoons inPhillipines & Japan.

12. Big trees, poles buildings may collapsedue to a cyclone.

Crops also getdamaged. Cyclonescause havoc causing lossof property and life.

13. Artificial weathersatellites and Radars.

Lecture cum

Demonstration

method.

Question

&

answers

Method

What arethe badeffects of

Cyclone.?


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Recapitulation:- Fill in the Blanks:-1. Air that flows from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure is _______________________.

2. _______________is the water vapour present in air.

3. Rain with gales is called _____________________.

4. _______________ Measures rainfall.

5. Breeze is of ___________________types.

6. Mansoons are also called______________.

Assignment:-

Answer the following Questions;_

1. What is Wind? Howmany types are present? What are they?

2. What is humidity?

3. When does Cyclone form? Prepared By :: B. Suneetha T.G.T (B.S) Chinnachowk Coordinated By :: T. Padmaja, Principal, Devapatla.


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UNIT - IV

Name of the Teacher ::

Name of the School ::

Class :: VII

General Aims :: 1. To Inculcate Scientific Attitude among the Students.2. To create Scientific ability and development of inner talents of the students.

3. To develop of habit of keen observation skills

Specific Aim :: The students understand and get complete knowledge about the topic.

Teaching method :: Lecture cum Demonstration Method and Question and Answer Method


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Objectives and SpecificationsObjectives Specifications

I. Cognitive domain:-

A.: Knowledge: Student will acquire the knowledge about variousmaterials used for the construction of a house.

B.Understanding:- Student will understand the knowledge acquiredabout the various materials used for the construction of a house.

II.Psycho Motor Domain:-

C.Application:- Student will understand the knowledge acquiredabout the various materials used for the construction of a house andapply in unknown conditions.

D.Skills:- The Student will show his skill in applying theknowledge and information gained in various topics in day to day life.

Recall: Student will recall the various thing related to the

construction of a house.

Recognise: Student will recognize the various things related to theconstruction of a house.1. Student will define the various terms like kiln,baking,pulverization , clinker, concrete etc.

2. Student will explain the process of preparation of bricks, tiles,mortar, cement, concrete.

3. Student will describe the kilns, baking preparation of mortar and

cement.

4. Student will classify that different workers perform differentworks that are necessary for the construction of a house.

Analysis:- Student will analyse the various things related to thevarious materials used for the construction of a house.Uses:- Student will use the information learned about the varioustopics in day to day life and also in further classes.

Student will show his skill in observing the process of preparationof bricks, tiles, cement etc.


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Period No 1 of Lesson No. 1 /Unit:

No IV : Date:18/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: IV, Housing & ClothingSubject:: Preparation of Bricks

Medium: English


Sub-concepts


Out comesBy Teacher By Pupils

Aids/Experiments to

bedone/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

1) Motivation:-Students will get motivated to

listen the lesson.

2) Announcement of the topic:Now let us study about the topicPreparation of Bricks from theunit Housing and ClothingPresentation:-

Concept 1, Introduction:-House protects us from heat,cold, rain & enemies. Forconstructing a house we need a

proper plot of land, stones, brick,cement, sand and other materials.Stones are used for foundation &bricks for walls.

1.Where do you livein?2. What type of ahouse is yours?3. Why do we live ina House?

4. Can you name thematerials used for theconstruction of ahouse?

1.Why should we livein a house?2. Name the things

that are required for aconstruction of ahouse?

1. In a House.2. Hut / Shed/ BuildingEtc.

3.House protects us fromheat, cold, rain andenemies.

4. Bricks, Tiles, Cement,mortar, stones etc.

1.House protects us fromheat, cold, rain &enemies

2.We need a proper plotof land, stones, brick,cement, sand and othermaterials.

________What is theneed of constructinga house?

Can yougive the listof the


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lighted and allowed to burn for afew days. This is called baking.Due to heat the moisture in the brick evaporates & make themstrong & resistant to water.

If brick is dropped on to theground, if it does not break intopieces it is a good brick.

walls?

11.What is the materialused for the preparation of

bricks?

12. How are bricksprepared?

13. What is a brick

Kiln?

14. What is baking?

15. Why the bricksare baked in kiln?

walls can withstand theeffects of water. Theyare much stronger andlast for longer time.11. Bricks are preparedwith clay.

12. Clay is mixed withwater and made into a

paste. This paste is putinto rectangular woodenmoulds and spread on aneven surface. The wet

bricks are dried under thesun.

13. The dried bricks arearranged one above theother in several rows.Space is left between rowsof bricks for the passage ofair. These spaces are filledwith wood, charcoal orhusk. The entire block of

bricks is covered with alayer of clay. This iscalled brick kiln.

14. Heating the bricks inbrick kiln is called baking .15. Due to the heat, themoisture in the bricks

Brick Kiln FigAnswermethod &lecture cumDemonstrationmethod.

material isused topreparebrick?

Explain how bricks areprepared.

How a brick

kiln isconstructed?

Definebaking

What is theuse of baking bricks in

kiln?

How can


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16. How do you testthe strength of abrick?

evaporates & makes thebricks strong and resistantto water.16. The bricks are soakedin water for 2 hours. After

taking out the brick fromwater, it is dropped on tothe ground. If it does not

break into pieces, it is agood brick.

you decidethe strengthof a brick?

4.Recaptulation:Fill in the blanks:-

1). ______________ is the structural unit for the construction of walls.2) Bricks are prepared from__________________.3) Heating of bricks in a kiln is called__________________.

4)_______________makes bricks strong and resistant to water.5) If brick does not break into pieces when it is droped it is a _____________brick.

5. Assignment:Answer the following questions:-

1) What is baking?2) What is a brick kiln?3) Explain how bricks are prepared.

Behavioral changes expected and achieved.

Student will acquire the knowledge about preparation of Bricks and understands the acquired knowledge.He will Recall & Recognize the various things related to the preparation of Bricks.


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Student will define various terms like Baking, Kiln etc.Period No 2 of Lesson No. 1 /Unit:

No IV : Date:19/07/2011 & Time:


Topic: IV, Housing & ClothingSubject:: Preparation of tiles & Motar

Medium: English


Activities indicating behavioural/Learning Outcomes



done/Demonstrations

etc.

Method Evaluation

1) Motivation:-Students will get motivated to

listen the lesson.

Continuation of

previous lesson

1. Name the materialsused for constructingthe walls?

2. Which walls arestronger weather the mudwalls or brick walls

3. What is the reason?

4. What is the materialused in the preparationof bricks?5. Where are bricksprepared?

6. What is baking?

1. Mud, bricks etc.

2. Brick walls.

3. Because the mud wallsare washed away duringrainy season4. Clay..

5. In Brick kilns.

6. Heating of bricks toevaporate moisture.

____

______

___

____

____

_____


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2).Announcement of the

Topic:-

Now let us study aboutThe preparation of tiles &motar.

3).Preparation:

Concept I

Preparation of tiles:-

Clay soil from dried up

ponds or tanks is used for

making tiles. This soil is made

wet with water and is ground in

a grinder. It is put into a

machine which moulds the soil

paste into required shapes and

sizes of tiles.

These tiles are pressed and

then dried. The dried tiles are

1. Which material isused in the preparationof tiles?

2. How the paste tilesare made?

3. How are tilesprepared?

4. What is a kiln?

5. What is baking oftiles?

6. What is the use ofbaking?

7. What is the use oftiles?

8. What is a tiledhouse?

1. Clay soil from dried upponds or tanks is used formaking tiles.

2. the soil is made wetwith water and is groundin a grinder.3. The soil paste is put intoa machine which mouldinto required shapes &sizes of tiles.

These tiles are presse

vii lessan plans - gen.science

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