PES/ENG/VIII/055

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PLEASE NOTE THAT THE ‘PREPOSITION LIST’ MENTIONED IN THE SUGGESTIONS HAS BEEN INCLUDED IN PART-II.

A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION

SUBJECT - ENGLISHCLASS - VIIICHAPTER - PREPOSITIONS Part 1

ANCHOR -1Welcome children! Would you like to play and do some fun activity in the class?

Now what you do, is, take out one plain paper and draw exactly the same picture as I am drawing on the board. j[D s[;hA eh eoBk j? , fJZe ykbh ekri bU ns/ T[; T[s/ fJjh fuso pDkU i' w?A p'ov s/ pDk fojkA jkA .

MM-1 (Show one teacher is teaching in the class and she is drawing a picture of a house and students are copying the same picture.)

(Description of a picture --a simple house on the board -- a square house with a triangle roof, windows, a door, and a chimney.)

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IMAGE1

ANCHOR-2

Now listen to my instructions carefully and do as I say.

Now you draw something on your picture of the house.( For example, students might draw a knocker on the door, an antenna on the roof, a bird on the chimney…)j[D s[;hA nkgD/ xo d/ fusZo s/ e[M th T[bhe' . T[dkjoD d/ s'o s/ fit/A ez[vh , xo dh SZs s/ n?BNhBk , fJZe fuwBh s/ p?mk gzSh nkfd .

(Students should work independently so their pictures will look very different from the pictures drawn by their peers. )

ANCHOR-3Now children, look at the picture. What do you see?MM-2: Show the teacher pointing at the pictures with a pointer, as she speaks. VO for teacher, and the text to come on the screen, and stay there.

Teacher: Now if we have a look at the picture, we can see There is a knocker on the door. A cock is sitting on the roof. There is an antenna on the roof. A chimney can be seen on the roof.

Children, we can all see that the word ‘on’, highlighted in every sentence, Has been used when something is in contact with the surface.pZfuU n;h fJBkQA ;kfonkA tkekA ftZu T[ikro ehs/ Fpd On Bz{ d/y oj/ jkA fi;dh tos' T[d' ehsh ikAdh j? id' fe;/ t;s{ dk ;pzX T[gobh gos ikA sb Bkb j'J/ .

ANCHOR-4 Now, children let’s add on to the picture. Add on someone walking into the house. Eg,-mother; grandmother .You can draw a cat jumping into a basket;.

MM2Show Image-1 again. Now add on an animated image of a lady, walking into the house. Then show a cat jumping into a basket.

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TEXT with VO Now we can see

Mother is walking into the house. A cat jumps into a basket, kept on the lawn.

So, from the two sentences above, we can see that ‘into’ is used, when any person or object is going inside something. In the first sentence, mother is going inside the house ,so we use ‘into’. In the second sentence, cat goes inside the basket. So there also, we use ‘into’.

ANCHOR-5I hope you are enjoying the picture building activity. Now we can draw some things in the house,eg. A big bed,a sofa, a table,some chairs etc.

MM-3Show Image 1 again, adding on the images in an animated way---(Images of bed, table, sofa-set, and some chairs.)

TEXT with VO

Now we can see There is a table in the house. There is a sofa-set in the house. There is a big box in the house There are some chairs in the house.

ANCHOR-6 Now see the difference between the usage of ‘in’ and ‘into’. When some thing is still and is in some enclosure, then we use in. When some thing is in motion, and the direction of motion is towards an enclosure then we use into. Children, now let us go out of the house and try and draw something above your house. For example, an aeroplane, a bird, some clouds.MM-4Show Image-1 again, now adding on animated pictures of an aeroplane, a bird and blobs of cloud floating.

TEXT with VONow we can see

An aeroplane is flying above the house. A bird is flying above the house. Some clouds are floating above the house.

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So here, in these sentences, we can see that the objects are not touching the house so we don’t say ‘on’ the house. But since they are flying or floating over the house, we use the preposition, ‘above’. So ‘above’ is used to show the position of any thing or person, going over another thing, without touching it.

ANCHOR-7

Now you draw something next to the house- that is, beside your house. For example, a tree, a car, a bicycle, a small pond.

MM-5

Again show Image 1 and add on the animated images of a tree swaying, a car coming and parking ;a bicycle moving along the road and coming and stopping near the gate. and a small pond next to the house.

ANCHOR-8 It was fun adding on some more pictures. So let us see what is new for us to read.

Text with Vo

As we look around the house, we can see A tall tree swaying beside the house. There is a car parked beside the house. A bicycle is standing beside the house. Beside the house, there is a pond too.

MM-6Now, show the whole picture, with all the things added. As the different sets of sentences are referred to, blink the preposition boldly on the screen. The order will be: on; into; in ; above; beside.

ANCHOR-9 Now that was great fun, drawing different objects in every step. Please note that as we drew each set of objects we were establishing a relationship with the noun, ’house’ by way of the position of the object. Therefore, we can easily see that first we used the word ’ON” for the first set of objects. To recall what I said earlier, ‘on’ is used to show contact of the given object with some surface. fJj fJZe pj[s jh o'ue rb j? fe tZyo/ tZyo/ gVkn pko/ ikDB bJh n;hA tZyo/ tZyo/ objects Bz{ draw eo oj/ jkA .fJ; rZb tb fXnkB d/Dk fe n;hA objects d/ jo i'V/ Bz{ draw eoB s' pknd T[;dk foFsk object dh ;fEsh d/ nkXko s/ noun Gkt xo Bkb i'V oj/ jkA .fJ; bJh n;hA fJj nk;kBh Bkb Fpd ON t/y ;ed/ jkA

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fi;Bz{ fe n;hA gfjb/ i'V/ bJh tofsnk j? . fJ; Bz{ w? d'pkok :kd eotk fojk jkA fe Fpd ON dk fds/ j'J/ object Bkb ;pzX do;kT[D bJh tofsnk frnk j? . Referring to our image, we can explain the relationship of the other highlighted words too.nkgD/ fuso d/ nkXko s/ n;hA j'o T[ikro ehs/ j'J/ FpdkAd/ ;pzX Bz{ fpnkB eo ;ed/ jkA . ,TEXT with VO.

The chimney is on the roof.(showing surface contact) The table is in the house.( showing the position of the noun ‘table’ ) A bird is flying above the house. (showing the position of the noun

‘bird’ in relation to the other noun, ‘house’ ) A bicycle is standing beside the house.(showing the relationship of

the noun, ‘bicycle’ with the other noun, ‘house’.

ANCHOR-10

Now each student will write a sentence for each preposition; the sentence should describe their drawing of a house. For example:

I can see a person inside the house.An aeroplane is flying above my house.There is a tree beside my house.j[D jo fJZe pZuk jo fJZe preposition bJh fJZe tke fby/rk .ns/ T[j tke T[BkQA okjhA pDkJh rJ/ xo d/ fusZo Bz{ gfoGkFs eo/rk .T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ -w?A xo d/ nzdo fJZe ftnesh Bz{ t/y ;edk jkA .w/o/ xo d/ T[go' fJZe jtkJh ijki T[v fojk j? .w/o/ xo d/ e'b fJZe doZys j? .

ANCHOR-11

Next, now each student will compare their drawings by reading their sentences and note how different their drawing has become with the use of same preposition. .j[D jo pZuk nkgDh vokfJzr dh s[bBk nkgD/ tkekA Bz{ gVQe/ eo/rk ns/ fJj th B'N eo' fe T[BkQA dh vokfJzr fJe' fijh preposition dh tos' eoB d/ ekoB fet/ tZy j' rJh j? . Now you keep your drawing aside and lets learn how prepositions help us in making our sentences.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After this module, students will be able to-

Define what prepositions are.

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Identify usage of prepositions like in.at, on etc.

Make proper use of prepositions in their sentences.

This lesson will help students identify and use prepositions to describe objects in relation to one another

Rather than simply memorizing a list of prepositions, this lesson helps students visualize how prepositions describe things in relation to one another.

It incorporates multiple intelligences by allowing students to learn by drawing.

ANCHOR-12

So students let’s start with our classNow what is a preposition?See as word suggest that preposition means pre + positionSo, it can be said that the DEFINITION of a Preposition is- a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation the person or a thing denoted by it stands to in regard to something else.pZfuU nkU j[D n;h nkgDh nZi dh ebk; Bz{ F[o{ eohJ/ .j[D fJj dZ;' fe Preposition eh j? <fit/ fe fJ; Fpd s' gsk brdk j? fe Pre + position Gkt gfjb/ + EkA nkU fJ;dh gfoGkFk okjh fJ;Bz{ uzrh sokQA ;wMD dh e'fFF eohJ/ .Preposition T[j Fpd jB fiBkQA dh EkA Bkt ns/ gVBkt s' gfjbkA jz[dh j? ns/ T[j t;s{ ikA ftnesh dk fe;/ Bkb ikA nkg; ftZu eh ;pzX j? , Bz{ do;kT[d/ jB .

MM -7(show pictures with these examples)

For example: a. There is a cow in the field.

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b. The cat jumped off the chair.

c.He is fond of tea.

ANCHOR-13Instead of giving you a boring list of prepositions, I will just introduce them through a description of my visit to the’ Preposition Town’

TEXT with VO.

A VISIT TO THE ‘PREPOSITION TOWN’

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They are a big family of ‘Prepositions’,Always coming before ‘Nouns’ and ‘Pronouns’;‘under’, ‘over’, In, ’On’, ‘below’, ‘behind’ and ‘around.’

Like any other community, they too have a few,The family of ‘Time’, and the community of ‘Places’Putting them together, mainly these are the two!

On our visit to the ‘Prepositions’ of ‘Time’, ‘At’, ‘On’, ‘In’---They came out to open the door!‘While , ‘for’ and ‘since’ served us with Cola and Lime, ‘During’ and ‘among’ spread a lovely mat on the floor!

‘Before’ and ‘After’ made us stay more and more,‘By’, ‘until’, and ‘till’ kept us busy,till we almost got bored!

It was time to meet the ‘prepositions’ of ‘Place’,‘in front of’, ’close to’, and ‘outside’ were there for us, Each one greeted us with a smiling face!

We went in with ‘above’, ’across’, ‘between’, and ‘inside’,Waiting for us were ‘below’, ‘behind’, little ‘by’, and ‘beside’, The message of our visit had spread far and wide.‘Through’, ’round’ and ‘past’, stood with ‘next’,Almost pushing ‘inside’ and ‘beside’.

‘Down’ came down, ‘from’ the first floor, ‘After’, following ‘past’,‘opposite’, ‘near’, ‘onto’ and ‘out of’, a part of the Family, Really quite vast!

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I think we visited most of them, leaving aside , may be a few,Making them familiar and introducing them to you.THATS EXACTLY WHAT I’M GOING TO DO!.ANCHOR-14So how was the quick visit to all the ‘Prepositions? You must be thinking how to learn the use of so many? But don’ worry! We will take them up in groups and learn about the use of the most common ones.;' pZfuU, ;kohnkA prepositions Bz{ fJZe tko c/o ikDB dk fJj ibdh tkbk ;co fet/Z dk fojk .s[;hA io{o fJj ;'u oj/ j't'r/ fe fJBkQA ;kohnkA prepositions dh tos' fet/ jz[dh j?, fJj fet/ f;fynk ikJ/ .go fuzsk dh e'Jh b'V BjhA j? .n;hA fJBkQA Bz{ tZyo/ ;wz{jkA ftZu oZye/ nkw toshnkA ikD tkbhnkA prepositions dh tos' pko/ f;ykAr/ .

Let’s start with Prepositions of ‘time’

SUPER

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

. SUPER 

Usage: At, On, In

ANCHOR-15

These prepositions are used to show the time and date of events, activities and situations: We can learn about them more thoroughly by seeing some examples with visuals.

fJj prepositions ;wkA, xNBk dh skohy, fefonk ns/ ;fEsh Bz{ do;kT[d/ jB .n;hA fJBkQA pko/ j'o uzrh sokQA f;yD bJh fJBkQA fdqFkA Bz{ t/yd/ jkA .

SUPER

at + particular time

VO with Text on Screen

For example

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I have to catch the train at three o’clock.

I will meet my friend at breakfast

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At dawn , the river looks beautiful.

At the start of July, we shall go back to school.

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At New Year , we could see a lot of amazing fireworks.

ANCHOR-16

So children, I think it is quite clear that ‘at’ is used for a particular time.

pZfuU w? ;wMdk jkA fe s[jkBz{ fJj uzrh sokQA ;gFN j' frnk j't/rk fe at dh tos' yk; ;w/Z bJh ehsh ikAdh j? .

Now, let us see the use of ‘on’.

SUPER

On + particular day or date

VO with Text on Screen

‘on’ is used to indicate a particular day or date.

‘on’ dh tos'A yk; fdB ikA skohy Bz{ do;kT[D bJh ehsh ikAdh j? .

Let us learn the use of ‘on’ with some examples.

E.g. On Thursday, We will go to Mumbai. We had a lot of guests on Sunday evening.

Our Wedding Anniversary is on the nineteenth of March.12

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Santa Claus visited our school on Christmas Day.

Please note- On the nineteenth of March is how this date is read aloud or said in conversation

pZfuU fit/ nkgkA gzikph ftZu T[zBh wkou, ikA fjzdh ftZu T[ZBh; wkou efjzd/ jkA nzrq/ih ftZu 19 wkou Bjh efjDk , fJE/ n;h efjDk j? On the nineteenth of March .

SUPER

In + duration of time

VO with Text on Screen

‘In’ is used for showing a continuous duration of time.

Let us clarify it further, with some examples.

The baby sleeps in the afternoon. In June, we have our summer Holidays.

In Winter, Delhi becomes quite cold.

She was born in 1999.

In the Twentieth Century, there has been a huge change.

In the Middle Ages, there were no computers.

 Please note- No preposition is used if the day/year has each, every, last, next, this before it:

pZfuU fJj rZb th :kd oyZD tkbh j? fe i/ day/year s' gfjbkA each, every, last, next, this j't/ skA ed/ th Preposition dh tos'A Bjh jz[dh j? .

E.g. I go to England every Christmas (not at every Christmas)

fJ; tke ftZu Preposition At dh tos' Bjh ehsh rJh feT[fe fJE/ day s' gfjbkA Every bfrnk j'fJnk j? .

I'll see you next Monday afternoon. (Not on Monday afternoon)

fJE/ th s[;h d/fynk j't/rk fe preposition On dh tos' Bjh ehsh rJh j/ feT[fe fJE/ fdB d/ BkA s' gfjbkA Next brkfJnk frnk j? .

Martin left home last evening. (Not in the evening) 13

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fJ; tke ftZu preposition In dh tos' evening s' gfjbkA Bjh ehsh rJh j? feT[fe fJE/ evening s' gfjbkA Last dh tos' ehsh rJh j? .

pZfuU j[D s[;h uzrh sokqA ;wM rJ/ j't'r/ fe fejV/ FpdkA s' gfjbk Prepositions dh tos' BjhA ehsh ikAdh j? .

ANCHOR-17

After understanding the usage of ‘on’, ‘at’and ‘in’, let us learn the

SUPER

  Usage of: For and Since:

VO with Text on Screen

  These prepositions explain how long an event, activity, situation has continued:

fJj Prepositions For and Since ;kBz{ fJj dZ;d/ jB fe i' xNBk ikA fefonk tkgo ojh j? T[j fezBhQ d/o ubBh j? .

  e.g. for three days, since last Thursday

for + a span of time: two days, one week, three months, four years e.g. for the weekend.

This phrase can be used with all verb tenses.

e.g. Michael went to Latvia last year for three weeks. - past

I am in Mohali for ten days. - present

My cousin will be visiting the West Indies for two months next February. - future

ANCHOR-18

The use of ‘since’ is a little different. It indicates a point of time.

SUPER

TEXT with VO

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since + a point of time + past tense: last week, the war ended, 1990, yesterday.

The point of time does not have to be accurate.

e.g. My sister and her husband have worked in India since 1991.

Arek has been very ill since yesterday evening.

ANCHOR-19

This was quite clear,I think. Let us now learn the

SUPER

Usage of : During and While:

VO with Text on Screen

These prepositions explain a period of time in which an event, activity or situation took place:

fJj Preposition During and While ;kBz{ fJj d;Zd/ jB fe tkgoB tkbh xNBk ikA fefonk fejV/ ;w/ d"okB tkgo/rh .nkU T[dkjoB okjh fJ; Bz{ ;wMhJ/ .

MM-8.

Show a Mother, who is a middle-aged lady, opening the door to receive a letter from the Postman. Animated figures to be shown, along with the dialogues in bubbles.

Postman enters with a letter in his hand:

Postman: Here is a letter for you ‘Ma’m.

Mother; I think it’s it’s my daughter, Rina’s letter.

( Mother goes to the room and opens the letter. VO to read the letter, in the daughter’s voice.The letter to be shown in the same way, as the Image.)

My Dear Ma,

It’s been long since I wrote to you. Due to my exams, I had been studying very hard, during the last month. Even while I was eating, I was recalling

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my lessons. So Ma, I am really sorry for being so late to be in touch with you.

During the vacations, I will definitely be with you. It will be for two months. Since last month, we did not get any holiday. So I am eagerly waiting for the break.I want that while I am busy in my studies, you please finish getting my clothes stitched by the tailor. Otherwise, during my break, I will waste a lot of time doing this .

Since last Monday, I was trying to write to you. Anyway, now I shall be meeting you soon .During my absence, take care of yourself.

With Love and warm regards

Manisha.

ANCHOR-20

Now that you have read the letter and seen the use of the prepositions ’since’, ’while’ and ’during’, normally the rule is

SUPER

-during + a noun or phrase: During the war, During the nineteenth century: e.g. during my schooldays.

Eg. During + the war, people died.

(‘During’ is the ‘preposition’, and ‘the war’ is the noun phrase, used in a sentence, which is in the Past tense)

During + my schooldays, I was very regular.

( ‘During’ is the Preposition, and’my school days’ is the noun phrase, used in the sentence, which is again in past tense.)

During + break time, I eat my food.

This phrase can be used with all verb tenses: past, present, future.

e.g. Rakesh received many telephone messages during the last week. – past tense

I am seeing Ravi during the morning Gkt ;t/o d"okB. – present tense.

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Rita will return to Panchkula during the Diwali Holidays Gkt ohNk gzue[bk s'A dhtkbh dhnkA S[ZNhnkA d"okB tkfg; nkJ/rh . – future tense.

while + subject + verb: to eat, talk, swim, walk etc....

This clause can be used with all verb tenses: past, present, future

e.g. While we are in Mumbai, we will take you to the theatre.. Future tense.

While I get ready for school, my mother cooks food, Present Tense.

While Neeta was in Delhi, she didn't go for a movie.--------Past Tense.

While I was sleeping, my sister was watching TV.--------Past continuous tense.

N.B. In English, While can often be replaced by when and retain the same meaning.

Let us make it clear, with some examples.

While I eat my food, you can finish reading.

When I eat my food, you can finish reading.

While the music plays, keep dancing.

When the music plays, keep dancing.

Please notice in the sentences shown above, the meaning of the sentences remain the same, whether we use ‘while’ or ‘when.’

ANCHOR-21.

Now children, let us learn the use of ‘before’ and’After’.

SUPER

Before and After :

VO with Text on Screen

Children, have a look at this visual. It will make you understand the usage of the prepositions-before, after, until and till.

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These prepositions explain accurately the timing of an event, activity or situation:

Before and After fij/ Prepositions fe;/ xNBk ikA fefonk d/ j'D d/ ;jh ;w/A pko/ dZ;d/ jB .

MM-9

Show some children standing and playing in a garden. They have finishd their little activity and now they are waiting to fall into a line with their teacher’s instructions. Animate the figures according to the teacher’s dialogues, and make the children form into a queue.

‘NATURE DAY’ FOR THE CHILDREN.

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Teacher: Children, the ‘nature day’ is over. So now, we have to get back to school.

Reema: Can we stay back for some more time?

Teacher: No dear, we have to go back, before the school gets over.

Tony: Can we leave after we finish collecting the leaves?

Teacher: But by noon you must finish. Otherwise we will get late.

Pinky: But till then can we quickly collect some more?

Teacher: O.K. Until then, I will take the others to the bus and make them stand in a line, so that I can count all of you , before we leave.

( Teacher moves out with some children. Now She puts them in to a line, until the others finish and join them back. Show the animated scene)

Teacher: Pinky, you are the shorter one. So you stand before Reema and Reema, you stand after Pinky.Tony, since you are late, Come and stand after Reema. Let me call the rest of the children. By now, they must have finished. After the journey is over, you can go home. Take a hot shower before going to bed. Then come back to school after the two holidays.

( Show a few more children coming and standing one after the other. The line is formed. The teacher makes them sit in the school bus and then the bus moves away.)

ANCHOR:22.

I hope you followed the use of the prepositions as the teacher talked to her students. Let us now learn the rules of using them.

SUPER

Usage : By, until, till:

VO with Text on Screen

These prepositions describe a time limit for beginning/completion of an activity. Some examples will make it more clear for you.

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By, until, till fij/ prepositions okjh ;kBz{ fJj gsk ubdk j? fe xNBk ikA fefonk fe; ;w/A sZe ysw j' ikJ/rh Gkt fJ; okjh ;kBz{ fJj ikDekoh fwbdh j? fe i' ezw ehsk ikDk j? T[j fezB/ tes sZe g{ok j' ikJ/rk .

e.g. By Sunday, I will finish my work. My studies will not be over until April 1995 .

I have to go at the same time till next week

‘By’ means ‘not later than’ and can be used with all verb tenses.

pZfuU fJ;dk noE j? fe fJ; s' d/o Bkb Bjh Gkt fit/ n;h fe;/ Bz{ efjzd/ jkA fe uko ti/ gjz[u ikDk go fJ; s' b/N Bk j'Dk skA n;h fJj jh nkykAr/ fe Reach here by 4 but not later then this. fJ; dh tos' ;ko/ verb d/ tenses Bkb ehsh ik ;edh j? .

Until/till explains how long an activity continues, will continue or has continued and can be used with all verb tenses.

N.B. Until/till have the same meaning: till is a short form of until.

fJBkQA d'BkA dk fJe' jh noE j? feT[fe till, until dh S'Nh pDso Gkt form j? .

ANCHOR-23

Children, coming to the last prepositions of ‘time’,let us learn the

SUPER

Usage: From - - - - to/until:

TEXTwith VO.

From . . . . . to/until defines the beginning and end of a period of time, present, past or future:

Some further examples will make it more clear to you.

e.g. From April 1989 to July1995,I was busy with my Project.--Past tense

.

From November until March, there are very few holidays.-Present tense

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. The school will be closed from 1st July to 31st August—Future tense.

ANCHOR-24

Now after learning about Prepositions of ‘time’ we will study ‘’Preposition of Place’ But before we end up with this episode, let us do some practice exercise..

Prepositions of Time

 

In each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below (a, b, c, or d).(Let the answer fill in the blanks after 2 secs. of display, of each sentence.)

  My birthday is ____ December.

a) on b) in c) at d) to

  . I was born ____ 1980.

a) on b) to c) at d) in

  . I normally go to bed ____ eleven or twelve o'clock.

a) at b) for c) in d) on

  I see my friends ____ the week-end.

a) in b) by c) at d) to

  . I'm going to the cinema ____ Tuesday evening. Can you

come?

a) in b) at c) on d) for

  . We're going on holiday ____ next week: two weeks in the

USA!

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a) at b) in c) ond) for___

  . There was a lot of technological progress with computers

____ the last century.

a) for b) on c) in d) to

  . My parents get up early ____ the morning. I don't!

a) in b) for c) to d) on

  . I'll see you tomorrow ____ breakfast.

a) by b) on c) in d) at

  . I'm busy now - I'll talk to you ____ ten minutes.

a) near b) on c) in d) at

  . I really like it when it snows ____ winter.

a) at b) on c) to d) in

  . In my family we normally have a big party ____ New Year's

Eve.

a) in b) with c) on d) at

ANCHOR-25

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pZfuU j[D n;h gkm d/ nzs ftZu g[i rJ/ jkA ,ns/ w?Bz{ T[whd j? fe s[;h Prepositions pko/ uzrh sokQA ikD rJ/ j't'r/ .nZi dh ebk; ftZu s[jkv/ fXnkB d/D bJh XzBtkd . nrbh ebk; ftZu fco fwbkAr/ .

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PES/ENG/VIII/055

Submitted to Service Providers Date _____________________.

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