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Vines of Central Texas Jan Redden

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Page 1: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Vines of Central TexasJan Redden

Page 2: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Vines rely on other structures for support

They can be:•Climbing or Prostrate

•Woody or Herbaceous

•Native or Introduced

•Food and/or shelter for wildlife, people

Jan and Dave’s jungle

Page 3: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 4: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Mustang Grape

Species: Vitis mustangensis

Family: Vitaceae

• Aggressive

• Native

• High climbing woody

• On sandy soils,

bottomlands

• Mature fruits: Summer

• Fruit is eaten by humans,

birds and mammals

Various leaf shapes

Underside of

leaves is lighter

Unripe fruit

Page 5: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 6: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Japanese HoneysuckleSpecies: Lonicera japonica

Family: Caprifoliaceae

• Non-native

• Aggressive

• Flowers in March-June

• Mature fruits in Fall

• Moist soils of bottomlands, along

streams and timber edges

• Fruit, flowers, leaves and stems

are eaten by many animals

Page 7: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 8: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Passion Flower(Maypop)

Species: Passiflora Incarnata

Family: Passifloraceae

•Aggressive

•Native

•Clings to other plants by tendrils

•Host plant to zebra butterfly caterpillars, Gulf

fritillary caterpillars, others

•Fruit is eaten by wildlife

•Fresh or dried whole plant used medicinally to

treat nervous anxiety and insomnia

Zebra

caterpillars

Tendrils

Page 9: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 10: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Poison Ivy(Poison Oak)

Species: Toxicodendron radicans

Family: Anacardiaceae

• Native

• Grows in moist soils in forest understory

• Fruit: summer - fall

• Fruit is eaten by many birds

• Stems and leaves are browsed by deer

and livestock

• Moderate to severe contact dermatitis in

some individuals

Look for “thumb”

3-leafed compound leaf

(Not 3-lobed simple)

Stems are red in the Fall

Page 11: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 12: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Virginia Creeper

Species: Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Family: Vitaceae

•Climbs trees or spreads on ground

•Red foliage in the fall

•Sometimes confused with Poison ivy

•Five or six leaflets

•Fruit is poisonous, but relished by squirrels

and some birds

Page 13: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 14: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Greenbrier(Saw Greenbriar)

Species: Smilax bona-nox

Family: Smilaceae

• Climbing vine, often forming

thickets

• Aggressive

• Native

• Flowers: April-May

• Mature fruits: Fall

• Stems have stiff prickles

• Deer browse

• Leaves are smooth with prickles on

underside, central vein

Leaves are splotched

or plain and vary

greatly in size

Page 15: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 16: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Carolina Snailseed(Carolina Coralbead)

Species: Cocculus carolinus

Family: Menispermaceae

• Grows in thickets and partially

shaded areas

• Fruit matures bright red

• Fruit is eaten by birds

• Deer browse in summer

• Plants with unlobed leaves

resemble greenbrier

• Soft bristles on leaves

• Leaf shape highly variable

Page 17: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Greenbrier leaves are

waxy and smooth, with bristles

on theunderside, along leaf

vein

Snailseed leaves are soft,

with fine hairs

“Elephant head shape”

Greenbriar and Carolina

Snailseed leaves are

highly variable in size,

shape and “splotchiness.”

Page 18: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 19: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Trumpet Creeper(Trumpet Vine, Cow-Itch Vine)

Species: Campsis radicans

Family: Bignoniaceae

•Native

•Flowers: June-August

•Mature fruits: Spring through

Fall

•Woody and high-climbing

•Can become invasive

•Can cause contact dermatitis

Compound leaf

Page 20: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 21: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Trumpet Honeysuckle(Evergreen Honeysuckle)

Coral Honeysuckle

Species: Lonicera sempervirens

Family: Caprifoliaceae

• Evergreen vine

• Flowers arrenged in whorls, can be red or

yellow

• Native

• Flowers: March-April

• Mature fruits: Fall

• Perfoliate leaves at base of flowers and

fruits

• Red or green stems

Perfoliate leaves (fused)

Page 22: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff
Page 23: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Dewberry(Southern Dewberry)

Species: Rubus trivialis

Family: Rosaceae

•Prostrate vine, forms thickets

•Stems covered with weak and stout

prickles

•Flowers: March-April

•Native

•Mature fruits: Summer

•Fruit is eaten by many species of

wildlife

•Makes good cobbler

Page 24: Vines of Central Texas - Texas Master Naturalist · •Climbing vine, often forming thickets •Aggressive •Native •Flowers: April-May •Mature fruits: Fall •Stems have stiff

Resources:

Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines: A Pictorial Guide

Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation

Image Archive of Central Texas Plants

(course web site for BIO 406D, Native Plants of Texas)

University of Texas, Austin

Photos:

Jan Redden

Dave Redden

And the above resources