vineyard soils of the yarra valley
TRANSCRIPT
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Vineyard Soils of the Yarra Valley
Spring Vine Health Field Day, October 2010
Siegfried Engleitner, Soil Scientist
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Soil Health vs Soil Suitability
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Vineyard Soils of the Yarra Valley
Red soils / Grey soils
Part 1: Landscape position
• soil depth and drainage
Part 2: Soil analyses:
• EC, pH, aluminium, nutrients, structure
Question: How do you, the vineyard manager use this information to
• Match Variety to Site ?
• Maintain soil health: physical, chemical, biological
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Source:
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Presenting soil pits from:
1. Yellingbo: 170-240m, Red, Yellow-Gravel
2. Yarra Junction: 150-170cm, Red,
3. Dixons Creek:
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Depth = Relief (slopes / flats )
Geology + Climate influence Soil Type
Position within Landscape
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Yarra Valley Wine Region
Source: www.wineaustralia.com
Yellingbo ..Yarra Junction
.Dixons Creek
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Yellingbo Google Earth Image, Mar 2007
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Yellingbo, Red Soils ? Dec 2000
Red soil at 210m, Yellow at 204m
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Yellingbo, Gravel Soils, Dec 2000
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Yellingbo, Gravel Soils, Dec 2000
Pit 7, 200m, 100m North of Pit 8, 160m
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Yarra Junction, Red Soils Dec 2000
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Yarra Junction, Dec 2000
Pit 1, 169m, 130m SW of Pit 2, 154m
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Statistics J F M A M J J A Sep Oct Nov Dec AnnualYe
ars
Mean rainfall (mm) for years
1994 to 201044 48 48 59 60 65 59 68 69 61 67 47 700 16
Rainfall (mm) for year
200064 39 18 29 119 58 61 68 120 84 89 36 788 1
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Dixons Creek, valley scale, Dec 2000
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Dixons Creek, farm scale, Dec 2000
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Dixons Creek, paddock scale, Dec 2000
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Dixons Ck, top pdk 170-150 m over 100 m = 20% slope
20%
slope =
moderately
inclined
Above a
break in
slope
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Dixons Ck, top pdk 135-130 m over 50 m = 10% slope
10%
Slope =
gently
inclined
Below a
break in
slope
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Dixons Ck, bottom pdk, 117-114 m ovr 150 m = 2% slope
2%
Slope =
gently
inclined
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Soil Chemistry Benchmarks
for establishment and yield of irrigated vinesSource: Lanyon et al (2004)
Parameter Target Range
pHc / pHw 5.0 – 5.8 / 5.7 – 6.5
Salinity: EC(dS/m,
< 0.20 dS/m - sandy loams< 0.25 dS/m - clay loams<0.5 dS/m - clays
Sodicity(% of Ca, Mg, K, Na)
<6%
Calcium 60-80
Magnesium 15-30
Potassium 5-10
Ca:Mg ratio 2-10
K:Mg ratio 0.1-0.4
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Texture EC pHw pHc Al (KCl) Ca Mg K Na Ca:Mg K:Mg
lab dS/m mg/kg
Target / Benchmark <0.255.7-
6.5
5.0-
5.8 <50
60-
80
15-
30
5-
10<6 2-10
0.1-
0.4
Yellingbo Red Pit 1
Topsoil 0-15 ( A1+A2 ) clay loam <0.05 5.3 4.7 60 69 25 4 3 2.8 0.2
subsoil 15-45 (B1) light clay <0.05 5.1 4.5 140 59 35 4 4 1.7 0.1
45-65 (B21) clay loam <0.05 5.2 4.8 58 5 92 2 3 0.1 0.0
65-100 (B22) clay loam <0.05 5.1 4.7 100 3 93 2 4 0.0 0.0
Yellingbo Yellow Pit 4
Topsoil 0-15 ( A1+A2 ) clay loam <0.05 5.2 4.5 61 71 22 7 2 3.2 0.3
15-40 (A2) clay loam <0.05 4.9 4.3 170 67 22 7 5 3.0 0.3
subsoil 40-60 (B21) light clay <0.05 4.8 4.2 470 63 24 8 7 2.6 0.3
60-90 (B22) light clay <0.05 4.8 4.2 540 46 43 7 6 1.1 0.2
120-160 (B3) silty clay <0.05 4.8 4.3 240 8 81 7 7 0.1 0.1
Yarra Junction Red Pit 5
Topsoil 0-15 ( A1+A2 ) clay loam 0.07 5.6 5 22 72 22 5 2 3.3 0.2
subsoil 10-35 (B21) light clay <0.05 5.1 4.3 350 59 27 12 4 2.2 0.4
35-60 (B22) light clay <0.05 4.9 4.2 480 43 41 13 5 1.0 0.3
60-90 (B23) light clay <0.05 4.8 4.2 550 34 52 10 5 0.7 0.2
90-120 (B3) light clay <0.05 4.7 4.2 680 22 66 8 5 0.3 0.1
Dixons Creek Grey Pit 1
Topsoil 0-15 ( A1+A2 ) clay loam 0.08 5.6 4.7 12 63 25 10 4 2.5 0.4
12-30 (A21) clay loam 0.08 5.4 4.7 18 59 31 6 4 1.9 0.2
30-40 (A22) clay loam <0.05 5.3 4.5 56 41 50 5 6 0.8 0.1
subsoil 40-55 (B1) light clay 0.06 5.4 4.5 72 28 62 4 7 0.5 0.1
55-70 (B21) L-M clay 0.08 6.1 4.9 33 8 76 2 16 0.1 0.0
70-90 (B22) Med Clay 0.12 6.3 5 19 5 72 2 23 0.1 0.0
90-110 (B23) H.clay 0.18 6.2 5.2 15 4 67 2 29 0.1 0.0
110+ (B24) H.clay 0.23 6.5 5.4 <10 5 93 1 2 0.1 0.0
% of 4 cations