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VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

CBCS SYLLABUS FOR BACHELOR OF ARTS (Major and Minor)

Semester System

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B. A. PHILOSOPHY (MAJOR)

There shall be six semesters during three years (From B. A. Part I to B. A. Part III) and there shall be 2 papers in first and 2 papers in second semester. In the third and fourth semesters there will be 3 papers in each semester. In the last two semesters i.e. Semester 5 and 6 there shall be four papers in each semester. In the fifth semester 2 papers will be elective. Similarly, in the sixth semester 2 papers will be elective. The total number of papers will be 18.

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Paper – I

Ancient Indian Philosophy Marks 80+20 Semester‐I Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

1. Nature of Indian Philosophy: plurality as well as common concerns, chief characteristics of Indian philosophy.

2. Carvaka school: its epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. 3. Jainism: Concept of jiva; anekantavada, syadvada and bondage and liberation. 4. Buddhism: Theory of dependent origination; the Four Noble Truths; doctrine of momentariness;

theory of No‐Soul. Main schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Madhyamika.

5. Nyaya: theory of pramanas; pramanyavada, the individual self and its liberation; the idea of God and proofs for His existence.

6. Vaisesika: padarthas: dravya, guna, karma, samanya, visesa, samvaya, abhava; causation: asatkaryavada; karana: paramanuvada; adrsta; nihsreyasam.

7. Sankhya: causation: satkaryavada; prakrti : its constituents, evolutes and arguments for its existence; purusa: arguments for its existence; plurality of purusas; relationship between prakrti and purusa; kaivalya.

8. Yoga: Yoga; citta and citta‐vrtti; eightfold path; God. 9. Purava Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance; dharma, pramanyavada.

The debates between Kaumarilas and Prabhakaras: abhava, anupalabdhi, anvitabhidanavada, abhihitanvayavada.

10. Advaita: nirguna Brahman; adhyasa; rejection of difference; vivartavada; maya; three grades of satta; pramanas; atman, jiva, Jagat, bondage and liberation.

11. Visistadvaita: Saguna Brahman; refutation of maya; parinamavada; chitta & achitta, jiva; bhakti and prapatti; bondage and liberation.

SUGGESTED READINGS: M. Hiriyanna : Outlines of Indian Philosophy. C. D. Sharma : A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. S. N. Dasgupta : A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I to V S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II T. R. V. Murti : Central Philosophy of Buddhism. J. N. Mohanty : Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought. R. D. Ranade : A Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy. P. T. Raju : Structural Depths of Indian Thought. K. C. Bhattacharya : Studies in Philosophy, Vol. I Datta and Chatterjee : Introduction to Indian Philosophy

A.K. Warder : Indian Buddhism.

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R. Puligandla : Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy. T. M. P. Mahadevan : An Outline of Hinduism.

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Paper ‐ II ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY

Marks: 80+20 Semester‐I Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

1. Milesians: Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. 2. Pythagoras and Pythagoreans. 3. Heraclitus. 4. Eleatics: Xenophanes as the precursor of Eleatic philosophy; Parmenides, Zeno &

Melissus 5. Empedocles. 6. Anaxagoras 7. The Atomists: Atomism of Leucippus and Democritus. 8. The Sophists: Protagoras and Gorgias. 9. Socrates: Epistemology & Ethics. 10. Plato: Theory of Ideas. 11. Aristotle: Metaphysics & the Conception of Cause. SUGGESTED READINGS: F. Copleston : A History of Philosophy, Vol. I J. Burnet : Early Greek Philosophy. J. Burnet : Greek Philosophy: Thales to Plato W. T. Stace : A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. W. K. C. Guthrie : History of Greek Philosophy, Vols. I, II & III. Kirk, Raven & Schofield : The pre‐Socratic Philosopher. Theodore Gomperz : The Greek Thinkers: A History of Ancient Philosophy, 4 Vols.

A.E. Taylor : Plato: The Man and his Work. W. D. Ross : Aristotle. Crombie : An Examination of Plato’s Doctrines.

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Paper ‐ III EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS

(Indian) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐II Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

Part I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Nature of Cognition: valid and invalid cognitions. 2. Prama. 3. Pramana: definitions and varieties. 4. Pramanya: origin and ascertainment. 5. Pramanasamplava and Pramanavyastha. 6. Theories concerning sense organs and their objects. 7. Theories of perceptual error (Khyativada)

Part II : METAPHYSICS

1. Prameya and padartha; kinds of Padartha accepted by different schools. 2. Substance and process: the debate between Buddhists and non‐Buddhists. 3. Causality: arambhavada, parinamavada, vivartavada, pratitya samutpadavada 4. Universals: the Nyaya‐Buddhist debate. 5. Abhava. 6. Special padarthas: visesa, samavaya. 7. The Self. SUGGESTED READINGS: Swami Satprakasananda : The Methods of Knowledge. D. M. Datta : The Six Ways of Knowing. S. Chatterjee : The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge. Srinivasa Rao : Perceptual Error: The Indian Theories. S. K. Maitra : Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics and Logic. Sarasvati Chennakesavan : Concepts of Indian Philosophy. S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II. Satkari Mukherjee : The Buddhist Philosophy of Flux. S. Kuppuswami Sastri : The Primer of Indian Logic. Jadunath Sinha : Indian Realism. P. K. Mukhopadhyaya : Indian Realism. Dharmendra Nath Sastri : Critique of Indian Realism. Kedarnath Tiwari : Bhartiya Tarkashastra Parichaya.

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Paper – IV LOGIC (Indian)

Marks : 80+20 Semester‐II Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

1. Theories of Inference in Nyaya, Buddhism and Jainism: definition, constituents, process and types; paksata; paramarsa; vyaptigrahopaya; hetvabhasa.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Annambhatta : Tarkasangraha Dharmakirti : Nyayabindu Yasovijaya : Jaina Tarka Bhasa S. S. Barligay : A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic B. K. Matilal : Logic, Language and Reality S. K. Maitra : Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics and Logic F. Th. Stcherbatsky : Buddhist Logic, Vol. I & II C. Bhattacharya : Elements of Indian Logic and Epistemology S. Chatterjee : Nyaya Theory of Knowledge R. Prasad : Buddhist Logic

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Paper ‐V EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS

(Western) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐III Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

Part – I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Knowledge: definition and kinds; different uses of the word ‘know’; propositional and

non‐propositional knowledge; necessary and sufficient conditions of propositional knowledge.

2. Theories of Knowledge: rationalism, empiricism, criticism (Kant). 3. Apriori knowledge: a priori and a posteriori; analytic and synthetic; the problem of

synthetic a priori. 4. Theories of truth: correspondence; coherence; pragmatic.

Part – II : METAPHYSICS

1. Metaphysics: its nature, necessity and methods. 2. Substance. 3. Idealism; materialism; dualism; neutralism; monism; pluralism. 4. Space and Time. 5. Causality. 6. Mind‐body relation. 7. Freedom and Determinism.

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. John Hospers : An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. 2. A. J. Ayer : The Central Questions of Philosophy. 3. Bertrand Russell : The Problems of Philosophy. 4. A. D. Woozley : Theory of Knowledge. 5. Gilbert Ryle : The Concept of Mind (relevant chapters). 6. H. W. Walsh : Reason and Experience. 7. D. W. Hamlyn : Theory of Knowledge. 8. D. W. Hamlyn : Metaphysics. 9. Richard Taylor : Metaphysics. 10. Edwards & Pap (Eds.) : A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. 11. L. Pojman : Introduction to Philosophy.

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Paper – VI

LOGIC (Western) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐III Core Paper Credits – 6.

Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

1. Sentence and proposition; logical form. 2. Definition of definition and Division. 3. Aristotelian classification of propositions; Categorical, Hypothetical and Disjunctive

Propositions. 4. Laws of Thought. 5. Aristotelian classification of Categorical Propositions; square of opposition; conversion,

obversion, contraposition, inversion. 6. Categorical Syllogism: figures and moods; rules of validity; mixed syllogism; fallacies. 7. Boolean interpretation of propositions; Venn diagram technique of testing the validity

of syllogisms. 8. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 9. Argument and argument‐forms; truth‐tables. 10. Technique of symbolization; proof construction: direct, indirect. 11. Induction; analogy; Mill’s methods of experimental enquiry; scientific hypothesis.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Irwin M. Copi : Introduction to Logic (Sixth edition). Basson, A. H. & O’Connor, D. J. : Introduction to Symbolic Logic. L. Susan Stebbing : A Modern Introduction to Logic. H. Kyburg Jr. : Probability and Induction. W. V. Quine : Methods of Logic. Richard Jeffrey : Formal Logic: Its Scope and Limits. W. Kneale : Probability and Induction. Cohen and Nagel : Logic and Scientific Method.

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Paper ‐ VII CLASSICAL TEXT

Marks : 80+20 Semester‐III Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

CLASSICAL INDIAN TEXT

1. Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 1 to 5).

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Paper ‐ VIII

ETHICS (Indian and Western) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐IV Core Paper Credits – 6.


PART I : INDIAN ETHICS

1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; theory of karma. 2. Dharma: its meaning, definition, classification; vidhi, nisedha, arthavada. 3. Niskama karma. 4. Purusarthas and their inter‐relations; purusartha sadhana. 5. Buddhist ethics: the Four Noble Truths. 6. Jaina ethics: anuvratas and mahavratas.

PART II : WESTERN ETHICS

1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; free will. 2. Teleological ethics: egoism; hedonism; utilitarianism. 3. Deontological ethics: Kant. 4. Intuitionism. 5. Virtue ethics: Plato and Aristotle. 6. Theories of Punishment; Capital Punishment.

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. I. C. Sharma : Ethical Philosophies of India. 2. S. K. Maitra : The Ethics of the Hindus. 3. Surama Dasgupta : Development of Moral Philosophy in India. 4. M. Hiriyanna : The Indian Conception of Values. 5. P. V. Kane : The History of the Dharmasastras, Vol. I. 6. W. Frankena : Ethics. 7. W. Lillie : An Introduction to Ethics. 8. J. D. Mabbott : Introduction to Ethics. 9. J. Hospers : Human Conduct. 10. Rosalind Hursthorne : Virtue Ethics. 11. Kant : Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. 12. J. S. Mill : Utilitarianism. 13. W. D. Hudson : Modern Moral Philosophy. 14. Philippa Foot (Ed) : Theories of Ethics.

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Paper ‐ IX

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐IV Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

1. Social and political philosophy: scope and concerns

2. Individual, society, state and nation

3. Political ideologies: democracy, socialism, fascism, theocracy, communism, anarchism, sarvodaya

4. Sovereignty, power and authority

5. Political ideals: liberty, equality and justice

6. Rights and interests

7. Political obligation

8. Political action: constitutionalism, revolutionism, terrorism, satyagraha.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Robert N. Beck : Handbook in Social Philosophy

J. Fierg : Social Philosophy

W. E. Moore : Social Change

N. V. Joshi : Social and Political Philosophy

A. K. Sinha : Outlines of Social Philosophy

D. D. Raphael : Problems of Political Philosophy

M. K. Gandhi : Hind Swaraj

K. G. Mashruwalla : Gandhi and Marx

T. S. Devadoss : Sarvodaya and the Problem of Political Sovereignty

K. Roy & C. Gupta (Eds): Essays in Social and Political Philosophy

Peter Singer : Practical Ethics

Rosemarie Tong : Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction

Mary Evans : Introducing Contemporary Feminist Thought

S. I. Benn & R. S. Peters: Social Principles and the Democratic State

Leo Strauss : What is Political Philosophy

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Paper – X

HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐IV Core Paper Credits – 6.

Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

1. Plato: Theory of knowledge; knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa). 2. Aristotle: Critique of Plato’s theory of Forms, potentiality and actuality; soul; God. 3. St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and reason; proofs for the existence of God. 4. Descartes: Method and the need for method in philosophy; method of doubt; cogito

ergo sum; types of ideas; mind and matter, mind‐body interaction; God: proofs for His existence.

5. Spinoza: Substance, attributes and modes; pantheism; mind‐body problem. 6. Leibnitz: Monadology; doctrine of pre‐established harmony. 7. Locke: Ideas and their classification; refutation of innate ideas; substance; qualities:

primary and secondary. 8. Berkeley: Rejection of abstract ideas; rejection of the distinction between primary and

secondary qualities; esse est percipi. 9. Hume: Impressions and ideas; relations of ideas and matters of fact; self and personal

identity; scepticism. 10. Kant: Conception of critical philosophy; synthetic a priori judgments; space and time;

categories of the understanding: phenomena and noumena.

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. F. Copleston : A History of Philosophy. 2. D. J. O’Connor : A Critical History of Western Philosophy. 3. B. Russell : History of Western Philosophy. 4. C. R. Morris : Locke, Berkeley and Hume. 5. A. K. Rogers : A Student’s History of Philosophy. 6. W. K. Wright : A History of Modern Philosophy. 7. S. Korner : Kant. 8. W. T. Stace : A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. 9. Roger Scruton : A History of Philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein. 10. Jonathan Bennet : Locke, Berkeley, Hume. 11. John Cottingham : The Rationalists.

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Paper ‐ XI

CONTEMPORARY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐V Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

1. G. W. F. Hegel: Dialectic and the conception of the Absolute.

2. F. H. Bradley: Appearance and Reality, Degrees of Truth and Reality, Coherence.

3. C. S. Peirce: The Fixation of Belief & How to Make Our Ideas Clear.

4. William James: Pragmatism, Will to Believe and Free Will.

5. H. Bergson: Creativity, Duration, Intuition and elan vital.

6. Ludwig Wittgenstein: Picture theory; saying and showing.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Hegel, G. W. F. : The Phenomenology of Spirit.

Hegel, G. W. F. : The Science of Logic.

Bradley, F. H. : Appearance and Reality.

Bradley, F. H. : Essays on Truth and Reality.

Bosanquet, B. : Knowledge and Reality: Criticism of Mr. F. H. Bradley’s

Principles of Logic.

Bosanquet, B. : The Essentials of Logic.

Bosanquet, B. : Principle of Individuality and Value.

Bosanquet, B. : Value and Destiny of the Individual.

Peirce, C. S. : How to make our ideas clear.

Peirce, C. S. : The Fixation of Belief.

James, W. : The Will to Believe and other essays.

James, W. : Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking.

James, W. : Essays in Radical Empiricism.

Bergson, H. : Creative Evolution.

Wittgenstein, L. : Tractatus Logico‐philosophicus.

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Paper ‐ XII

EMERGING TRENDS OF THOUGHT Marks : 80+20 Semester‐V Core Paper Credits – 6.


The candidate may choose any three of the following topics:

1. Feminism

2. Eco‐philosophy

3. Dalit ideology

4. Religious fundamentalism

5. Peace studies

6. Humanism

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Paper ‐ XIII

MODERN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐VI Core Paper Credits – 6.


1. Swami Vivekananda: Universal religion, practical Vedanta.

2. Sri Aurobindo: Reality as ‘sat‐chit‐ananda’, evolution; mind and supermind.

3. Mohammad Iqbal: Intellect and intuition, self.

4. Ravindranath Tagore: Man and God, religion of man.

5. S. Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life.

6. Vinoba Bhave: Bhoodan Andolan.

7. M. K. Gandhi: Truth, non‐violence, sarvodaya.

8. B. R. Ambedkar: Neo‐Buddhism.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Basant Kumar Lal: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Delhi,1999. T. M. P. Mahadevan & C. V. Saroja: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Madras, 1985. Benay Gopal Ray: Contemporary Indian Philosophers, Allahabad, 1957. V. S. Naravane: Modern Indian Thought, Bombay, 1964. Swami Vivekananda: Practical Vedanta, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1964. Sri Aurobindo: Integral Yoga, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama, 1972. Sri Aurobindo: The Life Divine, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama. M. Iqbal: Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore: Ashraf, 1980. R. Tagore: Religion of Man, London: Unwin Books, 1961. Radhakrishnan & Muirhead(Eds): Contemporary Indian Philosophy, George Allen & Unwin, 1958. K. C. Bhattacharya: Studies in Philosophy, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidas, 1983. S. Radhakrishnan: An Idealist View of Life, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1957. Mahatma Gandhi: Hind Swaraj, New Delhi: Publications Division, 1993.

A.R. Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol. I, Bombay: Education Dept. Govt. of Maharashtra, 1979. Dada Dharmadhikari: Sarvodaya Darshan, Sarva‐Seva‐Sangha Prakashan, Varanasi.

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Paper ‐ XIV

CLASSICAL TEXT Marks : 80+20 Semester‐VI Core Paper Credits – 6.


CLASSICAL WESTERN TEXT

1. The Republic (by Plato).

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Paper ‐ XV

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION Marks : 80+20 Semester-V Discipline Specific Elective Paper

Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

1. Philosophy of Religion: nature and concerns

2. Arguments for the existence of God: Indian and Western

3. Reason and Faith; jnana and bhakti

4. Religious pluralism

5. Religious experience

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Brian Davies : An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion

James Churchill & David V. Jones : An Introductory Reader in the Philosophy of Religion

John Hick : Philosophy of Religion

D. A. Trueblood : Philosophy of Religion

Chemparathy : Indian Rational Theology (This book contains an English

translation of Udayana’s Nyayakusumanjali )

John Hick (Ed) : Classical and Contemporary Readings in Philosophy of Religion

D. M. Edwards : The Philosophy of Religion

N. K. Brahma : Philosophy of Hindu Sadhana

S. Radhakrishnan : The Idealist View of Life

S. Radhakrishnan : The Hindu View of Life

G. Galloway : The Philosophy of Religion

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Paper ‐ XVI COMPARATIVE RELIGION

Marks : 80+20 Semester-V Discipline Specific Elective Paper Credits – 6.


Candidates are expected to be familiar with the main tenets and practices of the following

groups of religions:

Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism & Judaism.

1. Nature, necessity and scope of comparative religion. 2. Commonality and difference among religions: the nature of inter‐religious dialogue and

understanding. 3. Religious experience in different religions, conflicting truth‐claims of different religions. 4. Death, rebirth and salvation. 5. God‐man relation in religions: world views in religions. 6. Immortality; incarnation; prophet‐hood. 7. Religion and moral and social values: religion and secular society. 8. Possibility of universal religion. SUGGESTED READINGS: Eric J. Sharpe : Comparative Religion, Duckworth, 1976. W. C. Smith : The Meaning and End of Religions, Fortress Press, 1990. A. C. Bouquet : Comparative Religion, Penguin Books, 1971. S. Radhakrishnan : Eastern Religion and Western Thought, Delhi, OUP, 1983. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ : East and West: Some Reflections, George Allen & Unwin, 1955. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ : Indian Religions, Vision Books, Delhi, 1985. H. D. Bhattacharya : Foundations of Living Faiths. N. K. Devaraja : Hinduism and Christianity. John Hick : An Interpretation of Religion.

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Paper ‐ XVII CLASSICAL TEXT

Marks : 80+20 Semester-VI Discipline Specific Elective Paper Credits – 6.


CLASSICAL INDIAN TEXT

1. Dhammapada

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Paper ‐ XVIII CLASSICAL TEXT

Marks : 80+20 Semester-VI Discipline Specific Elective Paper Credits – 6.


CLASSICAL WESTERN TEXT

1. The Problems of Philosophy by Bertrand Russell.

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ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ I

Marks: 50 Semester – I Credits – 2. Hindi / English / Urdu

Syllabus as framed by the VBU.

ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ II

Marks: 50 Semester – II Credits – 2. Environmental Science


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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE ‐ I

Marks: 50 Semester – III Credits – 2.

LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ I

1. Analogy. 2. Cause‐Effect Reasoning. 3. Scientific hypothesis: Valid and Invalid, Proofs. 4. Technique of symbolization; proof construction: direct, indirect. 5. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 6. Argument and argument‐forms; truth‐tables; reductio ad absurdum; normal forms. 7. Testing the validity of arguments.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – II

Marks: 50 Semester – IV Credits – 2.

LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ II

1. Boolean interpretation of propositions; Venn diagram technique of testing the validity of syllogisms.

2. Decision making and Problem Solving 3. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 4. Logical and Analytical Reasoning 5. Classification 6. Blood Relations. 7. Coding‐Decoding.

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VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

CBCS SYLLABUS FOR BACHELOR OF ARTS (Minor)

Semester System

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Generic Elective Paper – I Ancient Indian Philosophy

Marks 80+20 Semester – I Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

1. Chief characteristics of Indian Philosophy. 2. Carvaka school: its epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. 3. Jainism: Concepts of jiva; anekantavada, syadvada; bondage and liberation. 4. Buddhism: Theory of dependent origination; the Four Noble Truths; doctrine of momentariness;

theory of No‐Soul. 5. Nyaya: theory of pramanas; the individual self and its liberation; the idea of God and proofs for

His existence. 6. Vaisesika: padarthas: dravya, guna, karma, samanya, visesa, samvaya, abhava; paramanuvada;

nihsreyasam. 7. Sankhya: causation: satkaryavada; prakrti : its constituents, evolutes and arguments for its

existence; purusa: arguments for its existence; plurality of purusas; relationship between prakrti and purusa; kaivalya.

8. Yoga: Yoga; citta and citta‐vrtti; eightfold path; God. 9. Purva Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance. 10. Advaita: nirguna Brahman; adhyasa; rejection of difference; vivartavada; maya; three

grades of satta; pramanas;atman, jiva; Jagat, bondage and liberation. 11. Visistadvaita: Saguna Brahman; refutation of maya; parinamavada; jiva; bhakti and prapatti;

bondage and liberation.

SUGGESTED READINGS: M. Hiriyanna : Outlines of Indian Philosophy. C. D. Sharma : A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. S. N. Dasgupta : A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I to V S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II T. R. V. Murti : Central Philosophy of Buddhism. J. N. Mohanty : Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought. R. D. Ranade : A Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy. P. T. Raju : Structural Depths of Indian Thought. K. C. Bhattacharya : Studies in Philosophy, Vol. I Datta and Chatterjee : Introduction to Indian Philosophy

A.K. Warder : Indian Buddhism. R. Puligandla : Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy. T. M. P. Mahadevan : An Outline of Hinduism.

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Generic Elective Paper‐II

EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS (Indian)

Marks : 80+20 Semester – II Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

Part I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Nature of Cognition: valid and invalid cognitions. 2. Prama. 3. Pramana: definitions and varieties. 4. Pramanya: origin and ascertainment. 5. Pramanasamplava and Pramanavyastha. 6. Theories concerning sense organs and their objects. 7. Theories of perceptual error (Khyativada)

Part II : METAPHYSICS

1. Prameya and padartha; kinds of Padartha accepted by different schools. 2. Substance and process: the debate between Buddhists and non‐Buddhists. 3. Causality: arambhavada, parinamavada, vivartavada, pratitya samutpadavada 4. Universals: the Nyaya‐Buddhist debate. 5. Abhava. 6. Special padarthas: visesa, samavaya. 7. The Self. SUGGESTED READINGS: Swami Satprakasananda : The Methods of Knowledge. D. M. Datta : The Six Ways of Knowing. S. Chatterjee : The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge. Srinivasa Rao : Perceptual Error: The Indian Theories. S. K. Maitra : Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics and Logic. Sarasvati Chennakesavan : Concepts of Indian Philosophy. S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II. Satkari Mukherjee : The Buddhist Philosophy of Flux. S. Kuppuswami Sastri : The Primer of Indian Logic. Jadunath Sinha : Indian Realism. P. K. Mukhopadhyaya : Indian Realism. Dharmendra Nath Sastri : Critique of Indian Realism. Kedarnath Tiwari : Bhartiya Tarkashastra Parichaya.

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Generic Elective Paper‐III

EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS (Western)

Marks : 80+20 Semester – III Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

Part – I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Knowledge: definition and kinds; different uses of the word ‘know’; propositional and

non‐propositional knowledge; necessary and sufficient conditions of propositional knowledge.

2. Theories of Knowledge: rationalism, empiricism, Criticism (Kant). 3. Apriori knowledge: a priori and a posteriori; analytic and synthetic; the problem of

synthetic a priori. 4. Theories of truth: correspondence; coherence; pragmatic.

Part – II : METAPHYSICS

1. Metaphysics: its nature, necessity and methods. 2. Substance and property. 3. Idealism; materialism; dualism; neutralism; monism; pluralism. 4. Space and Time. 5. Causality. 6. Mind‐body relation. 7. Freedom and Determinism.

SUGGESTED READINGS: John Hospers : An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. A. J. Ayer : The Central Questions of Philosophy. Bertrand Russell : The Problems of Philosophy. A. D. Woozley : Theory of Knowledge. Gilbert Ryle : The Concept of Mind (relevant chapters). H. W. Walsh : Reason and Experience. D. W. Hamlyn : Theory of Knowledge. D. W. Hamlyn : Metaphysics. Richard Taylor : Metaphysics. Edwards & Pap (Eds.) : A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. L. Pojman : Introduction to Philosophy.

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Generic Elective Paper‐ IV ETHICS (Indian and Western)

Marks : 80+20 Semester – IV Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.

PART I : INDIAN ETHICS

1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; theory of karma. 2. Dharma: its meaning, definition, classification; vidhi, nisedha, arthavada. 3. Niskama karma. 4. Purusarthas and their inter‐relations; purusartha sadhana. 5. Buddhist ethics: the Four Noble Truths. 6. Jaina ethics: anuvratas and mahavratas.

PART II : WESTERN ETHICS

1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; free will. 2. Teleological ethics: egoism; hedonism; utilitarianism. 3. Deontological ethics: Kant. 4. Intuitionism. 5. Virtue ethics: Plato and Aristotle. 6. Theories of Punishment.

SUGGESTED READINGS: I. C. Sharma : Ethical Philosophies of India. S. K. Maitra : The Ethics of the Hindus. Surama Dasgupta : Development of Moral Philosophy in India. M. Hiriyanna : The Indian Conception of Values. P. V. Kane : The History of the Dharmasastras, Vol. I. W. Frankena : Ethics. W. Lillie : An Introduction to Ethics. J. D. Mabbott : Introduction to Ethics. J. Hospers : Human Conduct. Rosalind Hursthorne : Virtue Ethics. Kant : Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. J. S. Mill : Utilitarianism. W. D. Hudson : Modern Moral Philosophy.

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Philippa Foot (Ed) : Theories of Ethics. R. M. Hare : The Language of Morals. H. J. Paton : The Moral Law. Plato : Charmides and Protagoras. Aristotle : Nichomachean Ethics. Bernard Williams : Morality: An Introduction to Ethics. J. L. Mackie : Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. B. Williams & J.J.C. Smart : Utilitarianism: For and Against. C. D. Broad : Five Types of Ethical Theory.

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Generic Elective Paper‐V

HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester – V Credits – 6.


1. Plato: Theory of Ideas, theory of knowledge; knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa). 2. Aristotle: Critique of Plato’s theory of Forms; potentiality and actuality; soul; God. 3. Descartes: The need for method in philosophy; method of doubt; cogito ergo sum;

mind‐body interaction; God: proofs for His existence. 4. Spinoza: Substance, attributes and modes; pantheism; mind‐body problem. 5. Leibnitz: Monadology; doctrine of pre‐established harmony. 6. Locke: Ideas and their classification; refutation of innate ideas; substance; qualities:

primary and secondary. 7. Berkeley: Rejection of abstract ideas; rejection of the distinction between primary and

secondary qualities; esse est percipi. 8. Hume: Impressions and ideas; relations of ideas and scepticism. 9. Kant: Conception of critical philosophy; synthetic a priori judgments; space and time;

categories of the understanding; phenomena and noumena.

SUGGESTED READINGS: F. Thilly : A History of Philosophy. F. Copleston : A History of Philosophy. D. J. O’Connor : A Critical History of Western Philosophy. B. Russell : History of Western Philosophy. C. R. Morris : Locke, Berkeley and Hume. A. K. Rogers : A Student’s History of Philosophy. W. K. Wright : A History of Modern Philosophy. S. Korner : Kant. W. T. Stace : A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. Roger Scruton : A History of Philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein. Jonathan Bennet : Locke, Berkeley, Hume. John Cottingham : The Rationalists.

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Generic Elective Paper ‐ VI MODERN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Marks : 80+20 Semester – VI Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.

1. Swami Vivekananda: Universal religion, practical Vedanta.

2. Sri Aurobindo: Reality as ‘sat‐chit‐ananda’, evolution.

3. Mohammad Iqbal: Intellect and intuition.

4. Ravindranath Tagore: Man and God.

5. S. Radhakrishnan: The idealist view of life.

6. Vinoba Bhave: Bhoodan Andolan.

7. M. K. Gandhi: Truth, non‐violence.

8. B. R. Ambedkar: Neo‐Buddhism.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Basant Kumar Lal: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Delhi,1999. T. M. P. Mahadevan & C. V. Saroja: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Madras, 1985. Benay Gopal Ray: Contemporary Indian Philosophers, Allahabad, 1957. V. S. Naravane: Modern Indian Thought, Bombay, 1964. Swami Vivekananda: Practical Vedanta, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1964. Sri Aurobindo: Integral Yoga, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama, 1972. Sri Aurobindo: The Life Divine, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama. M. Iqbal: Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore: Ashraf, 1980. R. Tagore: Religion of Man, London: Unwin Books, 1961. Radhakrishnan & Muirhead(Eds): Contemporary Indian Philosophy, George Allen & Unwin, 1958. S. Radhakrishnan: An Idealist View of Life, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1957. Mahatma Gandhi: Hind Swaraj, New Delhi: Publications Division, 1993.

A.R. Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol. I, Bombay: Education Dept. Govt. of Maharashtra, 1979. Dada Dharmadhikari: Sarvodaya Darshan, Sarva‐Seva‐Sangha Prakashan, Varanasi.

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ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ I

Marks: 50 Semester – I Credits – 2. Hindi / English


ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ II

Marks: 50 Semester – II Credits – 2. Environmental Science


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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE ‐ I

Marks: 50 Semester – III Credits – 2.

LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ I

8. Analogy. 9. Cause‐Effect Reasoning. 10. Scientific hypothesis: Valid and Invalid, Proofs. 11. Technique of symbolization; proof construction: direct, indirect. 12. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 13. Argument and argument‐forms; truth‐tables; reductio ad absurdum; normal forms. 14. Testing the validity of arguments.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – II

Marks: 50 Semester – IV Credits – 2.

LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ II

8. Boolean interpretation of propositions; Venn diagram technique of testing the validity of syllogisms.

9. Decision making and Problem Solving 10. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 11. Logical and Analytical Reasoning 12. Classification 13. Blood Relations. 14. Coding‐Decoding.

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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – III

Marks: 50 Semester – V Credits – 2.

1. What is a Computer?

2. Advantages of computer.

3. Types of computers.

4. History of the development of Binary Code.

5. Introduction to Computer Languages.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – IV

Marks: 50 Semester – VI Credits – 2.

1. Basic elements of Computer System.

2. Microsoft Office Word 2007.

3. Microsoft Office Excel 2007.

4. Microsoft Office Power Point 2007.

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