violent video games and aggression
TRANSCRIPT
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Violent Video Games andViolent Video Games andAggressionAggressionOR:OR:
Why cant we all just get along?Why cant we all just get along?
Jessica StahlJessica StahlAugust 15August 15thth, 2011, 2011
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DisclosureDisclosure
I am a gamer.I am a gamer.
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TheTheQuestionQuestion
What causes moreWhat causes moreaggressive behaviors?aggressive behaviors?
Violent video gamesViolent video games
OROR
Research aboutResearch about
violent video gamesviolent video games
www.ctrlaltdel-online.com
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The Key PlayersThe Key Players
Ferguson, Christopher J. andFerguson, Christopher J. andJohn KilburnJohn Kilburn
The Public Health Risks of MediaThe Public Health Risks of MediaViolence: A MetaViolence: A Meta--AnalyticAnalyticReviewReviewJournal of PediatricsJournal of Pediatrics 2009, Vol.2009, Vol.154, 759154, 759--763763
Much Ado About Nothing: TheMuch Ado About Nothing: TheMisestimationMisestimation andandOverinterpretationOverinterpretation of Violentof Violent
Video Game Effects in EasternVideo Game Effects in Easternand Western Nations: Commentand Western Nations: Commenton Anderson et al. (2010)on Anderson et al. (2010)Psychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin 2010, Vol.2010, Vol.136, No. 2, 174136, No. 2, 174178178
Anderson, et. al.Anderson, et. al.
Longitudinal Effects of ViolentLongitudinal Effects of ViolentVideo Games on Aggression inVideo Games on Aggression inJapan and the United StatesJapan and the United StatesPediatricsPediatrics 2008;Vol 122; e10672008;Vol 122; e1067--10721072
Violent Video Game Effects onViolent Video Game Effects onAggression, Empathy, andAggression, Empathy, andProsocialProsocial Behavior in EasternBehavior in Easternand Western Countries: A Metaand Western Countries: A Meta--
Analytic ReviewAnalytic ReviewPsychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin 2010, Vol.2010, Vol.136, No. 2, 151136, No. 2, 151173173
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MudslingingMudslinging
Texas says:Texas says:
Publication biasPublication bias
No standardizedNo standardized
aggression measuresaggression measures Inconsistent bestInconsistent best
practice qualificationspractice qualifications
No youth violenceNo youth violence
ratesrates
Iowa says:Iowa says:
Small inclusion groupSmall inclusion group
Improper selectionImproper selection
methodsmethods No unpublishedNo unpublished
studiesstudies
Limited to after 1995Limited to after 1995
Trim and fill analysis
Trim and fill analysisfor correcting factorfor correcting factor
Redundant metaRedundant meta--analysesanalyses
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The ResultsThe Results
Effect size = 0.15Effect size = 0.15
Small effect size,Small effect size, rr == 0.10.1 0.230.23
Medium effect size,Medium effect size, rr == 0.240.24 0.360.36
Large effect size,Large effect size, rr >> 0.370.37(Cohen, J (1992). "A power primer".(Cohen, J (1992). "A power primer". Psychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin 112112: 155: 155159)159)
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Comparing Effect SizesComparing Effect Sizes
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Yes Wii Can!Yes Wii Can!
Nintendo Wii videoNintendo Wii video--gaming ability predictsgaming ability predictslaparoscopic skilllaparoscopic skill (Surgical Endoscopy, 2010)(Surgical Endoscopy, 2010)
20 double20 double--unskilled participantsunskilled participants
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Yes Wii Can!Yes Wii Can!
Use of a LowUse of a Low--Cost, Commercially AvailableCost, Commercially AvailableGaming Console (Wii) for Rehabilitation ofGaming Console (Wii) for Rehabilitation ofan Adolescent With Cerebral Palsyan Adolescent With Cerebral Palsy (Physical(PhysicalTherapy, 2008)Therapy, 2008)
13yr. male with spastic diplegic CP13yr. male with spastic diplegic CPAttention deficitsAttention deficits
Low IQLow IQ
PT 3 x weekly, OT biweeklyPT 3 x weekly, OT biweekly
Wii SportsWii Sports 11 sessions/4 weeks11 sessions/4 weeks
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Yes Wii Can!Yes Wii Can!
Figure 3.
Ambulation distance with forearm crutches measured during physical therapy
sessions. The single peak of walking 150 ft (45.7 m) achieved 21 weeks prior to
training was not replicated or sustained until after intervention with the Wii. I-
intervention, CS-close supervision, CG-contact guard assistance,A-minimal
assistance, Pre-prior to training, Post-after training.
Improvement in:
Postural control
Visual-perceptual processing
Functional Mobility
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Feel the BurnFeel the Burn
MultiMulti--modal distraction. Using technology tomodal distraction. Using technology tocombat pain in young children with burncombat pain in young children with burninjuries. (Burns 2009)injuries. (Burns 2009)
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Or Not?Or Not?
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ProsocializationProsocialization
Effects of Prosocial Video Games onEffects of Prosocial Video Games onProsocial BehaviorProsocial Behavior (Journal of Personality and Social(Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 2010)Psychology, 2010)
Pilot study: Game validationPilot study: Game validation
Experiment 1: Spontaneous helpingExperiment 1: Spontaneous helping
Experiment 2: Solicited helpingExperiment 2: Solicited helping
Experiment 3: Active helpingExperiment 3: Active helping Experiment 4: Thoughts and spontaneousExperiment 4: Thoughts and spontaneous
helpinghelping
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MMORPGMMORPG
The effect of social support derived fromThe effect of social support derived fromWorld of Warcraft on negative psychologicalWorld of Warcraft on negative psychologicalsymptomssymptoms (Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2009)(Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2009)
High use = 45High use = 45--82 hrs per week82 hrs per week
Low use = 44 hrs or less per weekLow use = 44 hrs or less per week
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http://www.blogcdn.com/www.wow.com/media/2008/04/mak_analysispt1_large.jpg
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Other GoodnessOther Goodness
PsychotherapeuticPsychotherapeuticsupportsupport
Exercise and obesityExercise and obesity
RehabilitationRehabilitation
HandHand
Neurologic damageNeurologic damage
Brain trainingBrain training Taking medicationsTaking medications
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Physiology?Physiology?
MathiakMathiak, et. al., Reward system and, et. al., Reward system andtemporal pole contributions to affectivetemporal pole contributions to affectiveevaluation during a first person shooterevaluation during a first person shootervideo game.video game. BMC NeuroscienceBMC Neuroscience 2011, 12:662011, 12:66
13 Germans playing FPS with fMRI13 Germans playing FPS with fMRI
We found no indication that violenceWe found no indication that violenceevents were directly rewarding for theevents were directly rewarding for theplayers.players.
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So What?So What?
AmountAmount
Over 3Over 3 yrsyrs: 1hr /day: 1hr /day
Secondary school age: 2Secondary school age: 2 hrshrs/day/dayContentContent violent/violent/prosocialprosocial/nonviolent/nonviolent
StructureStructure learning environmentlearning environment
ContextContext reward systemsreward systemsMechanicsMechanics physical gameplayphysical gameplay
http://www.drdouglas.org/page_faqs.html
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Other ConcernsOther Concerns
AttentionAttention
School performanceSchool performance
AddictionAddiction
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Parent ResourcesParent Resources
http://www.whattheyplay.com/http://www.whattheyplay.com/
http://www.mediahttp://www.media--awareness.caawareness.cahttp://www.parentshttp://www.parents--choice.orgchoice.org
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Extended ReferencesExtended References
SurgSurg EndoscEndosc.. 2010 Jan 28. [2010 Jan 28. [EpubEpub ahead of print]ahead of print] Nintendo Wii videoNintendo Wii video--gaming ability predicts laparoscopicgaming ability predicts laparoscopic skill.skill. BadurdeenBadurdeen S,S, AbdulAbdul--SamadSamadO,O, Story G,Story G, Wilson C,Wilson C, Down S,Down S, HarrisHarris A.UniversityA.University of Cambridge School ofof Cambridge School ofClinical Medicine,Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke'sAddenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge,Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge,CB2 2SP, UKCB2 2SP, UK
JJ PersPers SocSoc Psychol.Psychol. 2010 Feb;98(2):2112010 Feb;98(2):211--21.21.Effects ofEffects of prosocialprosocial videovideo
games ongames on prosocialprosocial behavior.behavior. GreitemeyerGreitemeyer TT,, OsswaldOsswald SS.School.School ofofPsychology, University of Sussex,Psychology, University of Sussex, PevenseyPevensey 1,1, FalmerFalmer BN1 9QH, England.BN1 9QH, [email protected]@sussex.ac.u
Burns.Burns. 2009 Nov 2.2009 Nov 2. MultiMulti--modal distraction. Using technology tomodal distraction. Using technology tocombat pain in young children with burn injuries.combat pain in young children with burn injuries. Miller KMiller K,, RodgerRodgerSS,, BucoloBucolo SS,, Greer RGreer R,, Kimble RMKimble RM..
CyberpsycholCyberpsychol BehavBehav.. 2009 Oct;12(5):5632009 Oct;12(5):563--6.6.The effect of social supportThe effect of social support
derived from World ofderived from World of WarcraftWarcraft on negative psychological symptoms.on negative psychological symptoms.Longman HLongman H,, O'Connor EO'Connor E,, ObstObst PP.. PhysPhys TherTher.. 2008 Oct;88(10):11962008 Oct;88(10):1196--207.207. EpubEpub 2008 Aug 8.2008 Aug 8.Use of a lowUse of a low--cost,cost,
commercially available gaming console (Wii) for rehabilitation of ancommercially available gaming console (Wii) for rehabilitation of anadolescent with cerebraladolescent with cerebral palsy.palsy.DeutschDeutsch JEJE,, BorbelyBorbely MM,, Filler JFiller J,, HuhnHuhnKK,, GuarreraGuarrera--BowlbyBowlby PP..