vir ī rōmānī tria nōmina habent
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Vir ī Rōmānī tria nōmina habent. Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius is praenomen. Not many praenomina in use. Often indicated by an abbreviation – AulusM. – Marcus App. – AppiusP. – Publius C. – GaiusQ. – Quintus Cn. – GnaeusSer. – Servius D. – DecimusT. – Titus - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Virī Rōmānī tria nōmina habent.
Gaius Iulius Caesar
Gaius is praenomen
Not many praenomina in use
Often indicated by an abbreviationA. – Aulus M. – Marcus
App. – Appius P. – Publius
C. – Gaius Q. – Quintus
Cn. – Gnaeus Ser. – Servius
D. – Decimus T. – Titus
L. – Lucius Ti. - Tiberius
praenomen used within family or between close friends
“Gaie, ambulēmus,” dīxit Marcus.
“Fiat, Marce,” dīxit Gaius.
Iulius is nōmen
Originally name of clan
Familiar names in ancient Rome
Aemilius Iunius
Claudius Pompeius
Cornelius Antonius
Domitius Valerius
Iulius Tullius
If person had no cognōmen, then would be called by nōmen.
Mihi nōmen est Gnaeus Pompeius. Quaeso, vocāte mē Pompeius.
Caesar is cognōmen
This is like immediate family name
Often nickname, then handed down as family name
Various explanations given in antiquity for “Caesar”
e.g. from word for “hairy”
or from word for “cut” – original ancestor born by Caesarian section
cognōmen most commonly used among friends
Mihi nōmen est Cicero. Quid est nōmen tibi?
Plutarch tells us that cognōmen, Cicero, meant chickpea. Distant ancestor had cleft in tip of nose
resembling a chickpea
Women’s names simpler systemfeminine form of name of nomen, clan
thus Iulia, Claudia, Aemilia, Cornelia, Domitia, Pompeia, Antonia
distinguished from other Iulias by father’s cognomen, once married by
husband’s cognomen
Thus Tullia Ciceronis, daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero, became
Tullia Dolabellae, wife of Publius Cornelius Dolabella
If more than one daughter, then Iulia maior or Iulia minor or prīma, secunda, tertia, quarta, quinta, etc.
Slaves had single name
Freedmen took praenomen and nomen of master
slave name kept as cognomen
Freedwomen took feminine form of master’s nomen, plus slave name
Marcus Tullius Cicero’s slave Tiro when freed
became Marcus Tullius Tiro
It was Tiro who collected and published Cicero’s works after his
death
If Dāvus becomes freed by Gaius Cornēlius, what will he
be called?