virginia henderson theory gops

8/11/2019 Virginia Henderson Theory Gops

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Gopal Singh

Assist. Professor

SGRD CON

Amritsar


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Credentials and Background of the

Theorist

The Nightingale of Modern Nursing

Modern-Day Mother of Nursing.

Born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1897 She attended the U.S. Army School of Nursing


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Credentials and Background of the

Theorist.

Subsequently, she joined Columbia as a member of

the faculty, where she remained until 1948.

Her most important writing, Principles and Practice

of Nursing.

Honor Society of Nursing named their library in

honor of her contributions

Died: March 19, 1996


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Sources of Hendersons definition of

Nursing

First, she participated in the revision of a

nursing textbook.

Second, she was concerned that many states

had no provision for nursing licensure to

ensure safe and competent care for the

consumer.


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Nursing ..

Official statements on the nursing function were

published by the American Nurses Association(ANA)

in 1932 and 1937.

Henderson viewed these statements as nonspecific

and unsatisfactory definitions of nursing practice.


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Nursing ..

Individual care is evident in that she stressed

assisting individuals.

She proposed 14 components of basic

nursing care to augment her definition.

In 1955, Hendersonsfirst definition of nursing

was published in Bertha Harmers revised

nursing textbook.


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Henderson's Definition of Nursing

The unique function of nurse is to assist the

individual, sick or well, in the performance of

those activities contributing to health or its

recovery (or to peaceful death) that he wouldperform unaided if he had the necessary strength,

will or knowledge. And to this in such a way as to

help him gain independence as rapidly aspossible.


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Values & Beliefs

She strongly believed in "getting inside the

skin"of her patients in order to know what he

or she needs. The nurse should be the

substitute for the patient, helper to the patient

and partner with the patient.


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Values & Beliefs

Like she said...

The nurse is temporarily the consciousness of theunconscious

The love of life for the suicidal The leg of the amputee

The eyes of the newly blind

A means of locomotion for the infant

The knowledge and confidence for the youngmother


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14 components of Basic Nursing

Care

1. Breathe normally.

2. Eat and drink adequately.

3. Eliminate body wastes.


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Care.

4. Move and maintain desirable postures.

5. Sleep and rest.

6. Select suitable clothes-dress and undress.


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Care.

7. Maintain body temperature

8. Keep the body clean and well

groomed and protect the

integument

9. Avoid dangers in the environment

and avoid injuring others.


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Care.

10.Communicate with others in

expressing emotions, needs, fears, or

opinions.

11.Worship according to onesfaith.

12. Work in such a way that there is a

sense of accomplishment.


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Care.

13.Play or participate in various

forms of recreation.

14.Learn, discover, or satisfy the

curiosity that leads to normal

development and health and use

the available health facilities


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Physiological

Psychosocial

Spiritual

Occupational


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Major Concepts

Patient

Have basic needs that are component of health.

Requiring assistance to achieve health andindependence or a peaceful death.

Mind and body are inseparable and

interrelated. Considers biological, psychological,

sociological, and spiritual components


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Environment

Healthy individuals may be able to control the

environment, but illness may interfere with

that ability.

Nurses should protect patients from

mechanical injury.

Nurses should minimize the chances of injury

through recommendations


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Doctorsuse nurses observations and judgment

as the base their prescriptions for protective

devices.

Nurses must know about social customs and

religious practice to assess dangers.


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Health

Health is a quality of life.

Health is basic to human functioning.

Health requires independence andinterdependence.

Promotion of health is more important than care

of the sick. Individual will achieve or maintain health if they

have the necessary strength, will or knowledge.


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Nursing

Temporarily assisting an individual who lacks

the necessary strength, will and knowledge tosatisfy 1 or more of 14 basic needs.

Assists and supports the individual in life

activities and the attainment of independence.

Nurse serves to make patient complete

whole",or "independent.


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The nurse is knowledgeable in both biological

and social sciences.

The nurse function as a member of a medical

team.

Nurse should have knowledge to practice

individualized and human care and should be a

scientific problem solver.


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Henderson and Nursing Process

Henderson views the nursing process as

really the application of the logical approach

to the solution of a problem.

Nursing process stresses the science of

nursing rather than the mixture of science and

art on which it seems effective health care

service of any kind is based.


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Nursing Process Hendersons 14 components and

definition of nursing

Nursing Assessment Compare data to knowledge base of health

and disease.

Nursing Diagnosis Identify individuals ability to meet own

needs with or without assistance,

Nursing plan Document how the nurse can assist theindividual, sick or well.

Nursing implementation Assist the sick or well individual to

maintain health or recover from illness

Nursing evaluation Successful outcomes of nursing care arebased on the speed with which or degree to

which the patient performs independently

the activities of daily living.


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Characterstics of NursingTheory

Theories can interrelate concepts in such a way

as to create a different way of looking at a

particular phenomenon.

Theories must be logical in nature.

Her definition and components are logical and

the 14 components are a guide for the

individual and nurse in reaching the chosen

goal.


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Theories should be relatively simple yetgeneralizable.

Her work can be applied to the health of

individuals of all ages. Theories can be the bases for hypotheses that

can be tested.

Her definition of nursing cannot be viewed astheory; therefore, it is impossible to generatetestable hypotheses.


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Her ideas of nursing practice are well accepted

throughout the world as a basis for nursing

care.

However, the impact of the definition and

components has not been established through

research.


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Theoretical Assertions

The Nurse Patient Relationship

Three levels comprising the nurse patient

relationship can be identified, ranging from

very dependent to a quite independent

relationship


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Substitute

Helper

Partner


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The Nurse-Physician Relationship

The care plan, formulated by both the nurse

and patient, must be implemented in such a

way as to promote the physicians prescribed

therapeutic plan.

Henderson stressed that nurses do not follow

doctors orders


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The Nurse As A Member Of The Healthcare

Team

The nurse works in interdependence with other

healthcare professionals

Henderson stated no one of the team should

make such heavy demands on another member


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NURSE

PATIENT AND

FAMILYPHYSICIAN

ANAESTHETICPatient

and

Family

Physician

Nurse


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Applications

Practice

The nurse can help the patient move to an

independent state by


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Provide a rationale for collecting reliable and

valid data about the health status of clients

Help build a common nursing terminology to

use in communicating with other health

professionals


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EducationProvide a general focus for curriculum design

3 phases of curriculum development


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ResearchResearch questions arise from each of the 14components of basic nursing care.

Henderson concluded no profession,occupation or industry in this age can evaluateadequately or improve it practice withoutresearch

Offer a framework for generating knowledgeand new ideas.


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Strengths

Nursing education has been deeply affected by

Hendersons clear vision of the functions of

nurses.

It is broad in scope.


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Weaknesses

No concept of the holistic nature of human

being.

Lack of conceptual linkage between

physiological and other human characteristics.

Lacks inter-relate of factors and the influence

of nursing care.


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References

Ann Marriner Tomey; Nursing Theorists and

their Works; 5th edition; 2002; Page no.98-107

Malanie M and Evelyn m Willa; Theoritical

basis for nursing; 2nd Ed 2007 page no.137-

140

Kozier nad erbs;Fundamentalof nursing,8th

ed;page no.43-44.


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Marilyn P; Nursing theories and nursing practice,2001, page no.143-149

Anne H and John R; A tribute to VirginiaHenderson; Advances in nursing science; 1996

Sep 19(1) 1-2 Edward j Halloran; Virginia Henderson and her

timeless timings; journal of advanced nursing;2006 May, page no. 17-24

Excellence in Nursing; American journal ofnursing; 1990 Apr.Page no.76-77

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virginia henderson theory gops

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