virsuses: human immunodeficiency syndrome & acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
DESCRIPTION
Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Outline we may need to save some topic in lecture. Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence HIV viral particle Mechanism of infection Transmission Treatment AIDS Prevention. Red capped mangabey monkey. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Virsuses:Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
& Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
Outlinewe may need to save some topic in lecture
• Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence
• HIV viral particle
• Mechanism of infection
• Transmission
• Treatment
• AIDS
• Prevention
Greater spot nose monkey Red capped mangabey monkey
SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1
Humans
Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1
Sooty mangabey monkey
Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2
HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication
HIV
HIV-1 PARTICLE
The key HIV genes
Mechanism of Infection
VIRAL RNA
PROVIRAL DNA
Infects Th cell
Integrates into host DNA
“activated”LYTIC STAGE storage
LYSOGENIC STAGE
RETROVIRAL REPLICATION
HIV animations
http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1601834254601
http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1669495456158
http://www.hivinfosource.org/hivis/hivbasics/animations/index.html
T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red
HIV and helper T cells
HIV-1
HOST CELLS: helper T lymphocyte, macrophages
LYTIC STAGE
Transmission of HIV
Transmission of HIV
• Biological fluids
– Blood– Sexual transmission (Semen)– Breast milk– Transplant tissues
Non-transmitting sources of HIV
• Tears
• Saliva
• Mosquito or insects
• Swimming pool
• Food handling
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
Cocktail Therapy
Examples of anti-retroviral drugs
• Cocktail Drug Mixtures
– Protease inhibitors
– Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
– Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs)
– * Fusion Inhibitors *Fuzeon
– Integrase Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors block
• Co-receptors on host cell
• Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle
or
Co-Receptors
CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin)
Binds naturally occurring chemokines
Prevention
• Condoms
• Clean needles
• Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs
• Blood screening
• Abstinence
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Symptoms of AIDS
• Decrease T cell count
• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever and dry cough
• Profound fatigue
• Swollen lymph glands
Symptoms of AIDS
• Persistent diarrhea
• Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat
• pneumonia
• memory loss, depression
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Opportunistic Diseases and cancer
• pneumonia
• Kaposi’s Sarcoma Kaposi’s Sarcoma